Final Review Flashcards
Cumulative list of words for the final! (21 cards)
1
Q
Caesar Deified
A
- Caesar was the first historical Roman to be officially deified
- He was posthumously granted the title Divus Julius by decree of the Roman Senate on 1 January 42 BC.
- The comet that came during the ceremony confirmed his deification.
2
Q
Triple Triumph
A
- Month of Sextitis 13,14,15, 29 BC
- Illyria, Actium & Egypt
- Triumphator: Augustus, marble sculpture
3
Q
Triumphator
A
- victorious general
- exceptional military achievement that merited the highest possible honours, which connected Rome’s (semi)-mythical past to the vir triumphalis (“man of triumph”, later known as a Triumphator)
4
Q
Cupid the Thief
A
- God of desire, erotic love, attraction and affection.
- Often portrayed as the son of the love goddess Venus and the war god Mars
- Bow and arrow represent his source of power: a person, or even a deity, who is shot by Cupid’s arrow is filled with uncontrollable desire
5
Q
Augustan Morality and Marriage Laws
A
- Granted Roman citizenship to all citizens of Italian towns which did not fight against Rome in the Social War
- Augustus passed two laws to encourage marriage, promote childbirth and discourage adultery.
- Men and Woman between certain ages had to be married 18 BC
6
Q
Corinna
A
- Female character in Ovid’s Amores, involved in Paraclausithyron (lamenting beside a door)
- The book follows the popular model of the erotic elegy
- Erotic Elegy made famous by Tibullus or Propertius, but is often subversive and humorous with these tropes, exaggerating common motifs and devices to the point of absurdity.
7
Q
Paraclausithyron
A
- Poem set at the door of the beloved in which locked out lover seeks to be admitted
- Motif in Greek and especially Augustan love elegy
- In Ovid’s Amores, the speaker claims he would gladly trade places with the doorkeeper, a slave who is shackled to his post, as he begs the door-keeper to allow him access to his mistress, Corinna
8
Q
Publius Ovidius Naso (Life and Literary Works)
A
- Roman Poet who lived during the Augustan era (43BC-17BC)
- Described as one of the three canonical poets in Latin literature
- Was sent by Augustus into exile in a remote province on the Black Sea, where he remained until his death
- Wrote Amores, Are Amitoria, and Fasti.
9
Q
Brick to Marble
A
- Augustus was said to have “found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble.”
- Prolific building projects
10
Q
Tuscan Style
A
- Architectural style typical of ancient Italy.
- Similar to the Doric style, but the column shafts have bases
- Limestone Travertine and marble were often used
11
Q
Competitive Building Programs in the Forum
A
- Building projects were started by different prominent roman statesmen in order to leave their mark on Rome as proof of their importance.
- Building projects sponsored by these men (often censors) were basilicas (places for business), built often willy-nilly around the Roman forum.
- Pompey began building outside of the forum, building a Temple to Venus Victoria and a Theater (with a temple built into it).
12
Q
Caesar Begins (Caesar’s buildings)
A
- Caesar brought the focus back to the Roman forum after Pompey had moved it by building the Basilica Iulia in 46BC.
- Began a new senate-house, the Curia Iulia in 44BC, laying claim to the surrounding area. This senate house was tucked off to the side.
- Caesar also built his own forum, the Forum Iulium, setting the standard for imperial leaders to come.
- Also built the Temple of Venus Genetrix (the one who gave birth to Caesar’s line).
13
Q
Augustus Finishes
A
- finished the Curia Iulia, Basilica Iulia, and the Temple to the Divine Iulius.
- Also built a triumphal arch, and remodeled the Temple of Concord and the Temples of Castor and Pollux.
- Augustus used architecture to honor himself, his achievements, and the achievements of his line and famous romans.
14
Q
War and Peace: Augustan Building Program
A
War:
- In the Forum Augustum, built a Temple of Mars Ultor (The Avenger) from 30sBC to 2BC.
- Symbolic part of Augustus waging war against outsiders and those who had committed offenses against Rome, like those who killed Caesar.
Peace:
- Built the Ara Pacis, the “altar of peace” Opened in 9BC, to symbolize the peace he brought to the empire.
15
Q
Becoming a Slave
A
- born, conquered, need to pay off debt
- Different kinds of slaves, all worth different amounts, house slaves were more expensive and field slaves
- Piracy and the slave trade (that’s why the people were afraid of the pirates) They were property.
Four ways that slaves could be freed;
1) Manumission: the act of being set free (the official process)
2) Purchase: buy your own freedom
3) Agreement: through one’s master
4) Will: through a testament
16
Q
Treatment of Slaves (Beatings, Care & Feeding, Clothing)
A
- Seneca held the view that a slave who was treated well would perform a better job than a poorly treated slave.
- Slaves often wore headbands to cover up tattoos that identified them as slaves, could blend in with normal roman people.
- Given 3 quarts of wine for the holidays. Given sour wine for three months. Give them salt, and the olives that fell on the floor. When it came to clothes, give out 3 ft. of tunic, and cloak once every 2 years. Along with one pair of shoes every 2 years. Once given new clothes, master would take back the old to make coats out of them.
- Periodically beaten to show who was superior.
17
Q
Freedmen and Emperors
A
- A freed slave was the libertus of his former master, who became his patron (patronus),
18
Q
M. Tullius Tiro
A
- Famous slave. First a slave, then a freedman of Cicero.
- He is frequently mentioned in Cicero’s letters.
- After Cicero’s death he published his former master’s collected works.
- He also wrote a considerable number of books himself, and possibly invented an early form of shorthand.
19
Q
The Liberti
A
- Freedmen. Slaves who were freed and enjoyed many political protections as normal citizens
- Freedmen in the Early Republic mainly joined the lower classes of the plebeians
- Not One Homogenous Group (farmers, craftsmen, bakers, artists, traders/merchants)
- 70% of Roman epitaphs were of Roman Freedmen.
20
Q
Pride in craft: The Tomb of the Baker (M. Vergilius Eurysaces)
A
- When craftsmen died, they would make tombs that represented their trade.
- For example, M. Vergilius Eurysaces was a baker that when died had a tomb created that resembled that of an oven (he was a freedman, too)
21
Q
Petronius Arbiter
A
- Author of the Satyricon, a satirical novel believed to have been written during the Neronian era , (54-68BC)
- Later, he became a member of the senatorial class who devoted themselves to a life of pleasure (attacked by the Stoic philosopher Seneca) where others won reputation by effort, Petronius did so by idleness.
- On the rare occasions, he showed himself energetic and fully equal to public responsibilities.
- Governor of the Asian province of Bithynia and later in his career, probably in ad 62 or 63, held the high office of consul, or first magistrate of Rome.
