Final Review Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
QA exposure time
A
+/- 5% accuracy
2
Q
Collimator light field and actual xray field
A
Within 2% SID
3
Q
kV meter
A
+/- 4 kV
4
Q
Reproducibility
A
+/- 5%
5
Q
Focal spot size, linearity, reproducibility, filtration, kV, exposure time
A
Test annually
6
Q
Collimator
A
Semiannually
7
Q
CR for AP L5-S1
A
30-35 degrees
8
Q
CR L1-L4
A
Perpendicular
9
Q
AP shoulder extrrnal rotation
A
Epicondyles parallel
10
Q
AP shoulder internal rotation
A
Epicondyles perpendicular
Humerus, elbow, and forearm lateral
11
Q
ERCP Cm injected in
A
CBD
12
Q
Cervical oblique position demonstrate
A
Intervertebral foramina
13
Q
Cervical lateral position
A
Apophyseal joint
Intervertebral disc spaces
14
Q
Higher SNR produces
A
Higher quality image
15
Q
Barium in fundus
A
Px supine
Ap projection, LPO
16
Q
Size distortion
A
Magnification
17
Q
Improper alignment of tube, part and IR
A
Shape distortion (foreshortening, elongation)
18
Q
High frequency generators
A
Small size, nearly constant voltage potential, decrease px dose
19
Q
Tissue is most sensitive to radiation when it is in
A
Oxygenated condition
20
Q
6 inch air gap (OID)
A
Increases image contrast (much SC will not reach the IR)
21
Q
Duodeno-jejunal flexure
A
Angle of treitz
22
Q
PSP storage plate
A
- Protective layer
- Phospor Layer - barium fluorohalide layer
- Reflective Layer -ditect emiited light to CR reader
- Base
- Antistatic Layer
- Lead Foil - absorb backscatter
23
Q
Lateral lumbar
A
Intervertebral disk
Intervertebral foramina
Spinous process
24
Q
Oblique Lumbar
A
Apophyseal articulation
Posterior oblique - close to IR
Anterior oblique - farthest
25
Reproducibility
Repeated exposure in a given technique - provide consistent intensity
26
Linearity
Mas values, diff ma station with app exposure time adjustments - provide consistent intensity
27
Line focus principle
Actual focal spot larger than effective focal spot
28
LAO
Gb moved away form spine
29
Aspirin
Analgesic
30
Heparin
Anticoagulant
31
Fuoroscope table top intensity
Not exceed 10 R/min
32
SSD fixed fluoroscopic equipment
| Mobile fluoroscopic
Atleast 15 in
| Atleast 12 in
33
KV will decrease to 15%, density will
Cut in half
34
Artifact in using geid for DR imaging
Aliasing or grid effect
35
Degree of lateral motion
L and R bending
36
Degree of AP motion
Lateral flexion, extension
37
Blow out fracture
Fracture of the inferior orbital wall
38
Olecranon process best demonstrated in
Lateral position , also acute flexion position
39
Internal oblique elbow
Coronoid process
40
External oblique elbow
Radial head free of superimposition
41
Decrease exposure factor to
Emphysema
Pneumothorax
Multiple myeloma
42
Parrial transfer of incident photon energy
Compton scattering
43
SID and magnification
Inversely proportional
44
Administered parenterally
By any route other than orally
45
Bony growth at dorsal surface of 3rd MCJ
Carpal boss
46
CR for knee: 19-24 cm bet ASIS and table (Sthenic Px)
CR perpendicular
47
Less than 19cm (Asthenic)
CR - 5degrees caudad
48
Greater than 24cm (hypersthenic)
CR 5 degreas cephalad
49
When you controls arterial tension in sphymomanometer
Brachial artery is temporarily collapsed
50
Left upper quadrant
Fundus of stomach
51
Unlawful laying of hands on px
Battery
52
Threat or touching or latong hands
Assault
53
Px states that he or she no longer want to continue procedure and is ignored
Restraining devices are improperly used
False imprisonment
54
Change non grid to grid exposure
No grid - 1 x original mAs
5: 1 grid - 2
6: 1 - 3
8: 1 - 4
12: 1 - 5
16: 1 - 6
mAs1 = grid factor 1
______. _____________
mAs2. grid factor 2
55
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
Fatigue
Restlessness
Irritability
Weakness
56
Lumbar apophyseal not well visualized in posterior oblique and pedicle is seen on the posterior aspect or vertebral body
Pedicle seen on anterior aspect of vertebral body
What to do
Decrease degree of px rotation
Increase rotation
57
Image intensifier Magnification mode
Less noise
Improved contrast resolution
Improved spatial resolution
58
Controlled area
Uncontrolled
Workers , 100mR/ week
Public, 10mR/ week
59
PA projection abdomen
Ilia is froeshortened
60
Radiation passing to tissue and depositing energy through ionization procees
LET
61
Plantodorsal calcaneus
Sustentaculum tali, trochlear process, calcaneal tuberosity
62
Asthenic, gb located at
Lower at medial
63
Saddle - diarthrotic jt
Carpometacarpal jt
64
Amphiarthrotic jt
Slightly movable
65
Synarthrotic jt
Immovable
66
CR for cervical posterior oblique
15-20 degrees cephalad
| Farther from IR
67
Crescent-shaped artifacts (crinkle marks)
Black crescent
Bending film acutely
Bending after exposure
68
Tree like branching black marks
Static electrical discharge (cold,dry weather)
69
Portion of xray beam where effective focal spot is largest
Cathode end
70
Weght bearing lateral
Longitudinal arch
71
Increase/decrease exposure
```
Fibrosarcoma
Paralytic ileus (obstruction)
```
Decrease
72
Differential absorption related to
Subject contrast
| Pathology
73
Recorded detail related to
Motion
Focal spot size
OID
74
Increase/decrease exposure factor
Edema
Ascitis
Acromegaly
Increase
75
Spoken defamation
Written defamation
Slander
Libel
76
Raise blood pressure
Norepinephrine
77
Nitroglycerin
Vasodilator
78
Heparin
Decrease coagulation
79
Lidocaine
Local anesthetic, antidtsrhytmic
80
Focal spot blur, geometric blur greatest in
Anode side
81
Talus articulate anteriorly woth
Navicular
82
Navicular articulates laterally to
Cuboid
83
Window level decreases, brightness
Decreases
84
Barium filled pylorus and duodenum
Esophagus between vertebrae and heart
PA Oblique sternum
What position?
RAO
85
Anterior oblique position for axillarynportins of ribs
Affected side away from IR
86
ESE for chest PA
12-26 mR
87
Xray intensity across promary beam can vary as much as 45% describes the
Anode hell effect
88
Mutual induction
High voltage transformer
89
Self induction
Auto transformer
90
Telescoping of the bowel causing mechanical obstruction
Intussusception
91
Resolution can be expressed in terms of
LSP
| MTF
92
Loss of density at lateral edge
SID was too great
93
Articular surfaces of femur and patella
Tangential, sunrise projection
94
Crystalline material lacking typical crystalline structure
Amorphous
95
Evaluate timer accuracy, rectifier efficiency in single phase
Spinning top test
96
Introduction of CM into kidd ya via catheter, not a functional study of urinary syatem
Retrograde Urography
97
Energy to efect K shell electon from tungsten atom
Atleast 70 kEv
98
Position for sternlclavicular joints
15 degrees oblique
| Side interese nearest to IR
99
Allows continuous rotation of xray tibe -and continuos couch movement (elimination of cables)
Slip rings
100
Invasion of privacy
| False imprisonment
Intentional misconduct
101
Most radiosensitive part of the cell cycle
Mitosis
102
SMV oblique axial of zygomatic arches, skull rotation
15 degrees toward affected side
103
Wavi linear lines, occur in CR using starionary grids
Aliasing effect, Moire effect
104
Anode with small angle provides improved recorded detail and improves heat capacity
Line focus principle
105
Grid cut off everywhere except central vertical strip image
Incorrect grid placement
106
3 phase 6 pulse
3 phase 12 pulse
13% voltage ripple
4% voltage ripple
107
Lumbar puncture is at level of
L3-L4
108
Atelectasis
Increase/ decrease exposure
Increase
109
Acetaminophen
Antipyretic - reduce fever
110
Ipecac
For vomiting, emetic
111
Lasix (furosemide)
Diuretic
112
RAO position of stomach demonstrates
Puloric canal and duodenal bulb
113
Retroperitoneal structures
```
Kidneys
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending and descending colon
Portions of aorta
Inferior vena cava
```
114
PA Axial Caldwell
Demonstrates frontal and ethmoid sinuses
115
Frontal view of sternum
RAO
116
Condition that results from a persistent foramen ovale
An atrial septal defect
117
Interspaces between the first and 2nd cuneiforms best demonstrated
Lateral Oblique foot
118
Sternal angle at level of
T5
119
Portion of humerus articulates with ulna to form elbow joint
Trochlea
120
Elbow flexed 80 degrees, CR 45 degrees laterally from the shoulder to the elbow joint, structures best demonstrated?
Coronoid process
121
Articular facets of L5- S1 are best demonstrated
30 degree oblique
122
Introduction of radiopaque CM through uterine cannula
Hysterosalpingogram
123
Position of shoulder in which greater tubercle is superimposed on humeral head?
Internal rotation
124
Diarthrotic
Knee and tmj
125
Used to evaluate glenohumeral joint
Scapular Y
Inferosuperior Axial
Transthoarcic lateral
126
Scapular y projection
Scapular border should be superimposed on humeral shaft
Oblique projection of shoulder
127
AP projection of the L5-S1 interspace
Px AP with 30-35 degree angle cephalad
128
Demonstrate cranial base, sphenoidal sinuses, atlas and odontoid process
SMV
129
Talocalcaneal joint visualize
Plantodorsal projection of os calsis
130
Talotibial joint is visualize
| Tibia and fibula superimpose
Lateral ankle
131
PA axial of paranasal sinuses
OML is elevated 15 degrees from the horizontal
Frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized
132
Billiary tract calculi
| Gallbladder calculi
Operative cholangiography
133
Demonstrate vesicoureteral reflux
Voising cystourethrogram
134
Clavicular body
| Acromioclavicular jt
True AP projection of Clavicle
135
OML forming 37 degree with IR, CR perpendicular exiting at acanthion best demonstrate
Facial Bones
136
Ap trendelenburg during upper GI to demonstrate
Hiatal hernia
