final review - bio 114

Question 1

what are the 2 parts of a theory

Answer 1

pattern and process

Question 2

pattern

Answer 2

observation of repetition in a system

Question 3

process

Answer 3

mechanism in which a pattern occurs

Question 4

cell theory

Answer 4

all organisms are made of cells
all cells come from pre-exisiting cells

Question 5

evolutionary theory

Answer 5

evolution is heritable
genetic change in a pop. over time
evolution is a property for populations

Question 6

natural selection

Answer 6

as a result of greater survivorship and reproductive success of individuals possessing a particular trait they are naturally selected

Question 7

what are the levels in the biological hierarchy

Answer 7

organisms
populations
communities
ecosystem
biosphere

Question 8

organisms

Answer 8

individuals
collections of organ systems
acted on by natural selection

Question 9

populations

Answer 9

collection of indivduals of the same species
evolution affects population

Question 10

communities

Answer 10

collection of diff populations living together in the same area

Question 11

ecosystems

Answer 11

communities + their abiotic factors (water, sunlight, temp etc.)

Question 12

emergent property

Answer 12

a characteristic an entity gains when it becomes part of a bigger system
reproduction is an emergent propery of the population level (organisms cannot reproduce on their own)

Question 13

gene pool

Answer 13

all the alleles of all the genes within a population

Question 14

fitness

Answer 14

number of viable offspring you produce in your lifetime

Question 15

adaptations

Answer 15

come bc of natural selection
a heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual

Question 16

macroevolution

Answer 16

species are related
or the creation or extinction of species

Question 17

geographic promiximity (non-interbreeding species)

Answer 17

evidence of macroevolution
extreme similarity and close proximity of diff species suggets relatedness

Question 18

homology

Answer 18

evidence of macroevolution
similar traits in seperate species due to a shared common ancestor

Question 19

genetic homology

Answer 19

similar gene sequence between individuals of a diff species

Question 20

developmental homology

Answer 20

similarities in morphology of embryos of diff species

Question 21

structural homology

Answer 21

similarities in structure of body parts of diff species

Question 22

contrivance

Answer 22

An adaptation in an organism where the adaptation exists as a result of the modification of the original ada

Question 23

exaptation

Answer 23

an adaptation possessed by an ancestor

Question 24

vestigial trait

Answer 24

a trait the entire species has that is no longer used but was an adaptation for its ancestors

Question 25

atavism

Answer 25

a trait some of the members of a pop have that is no longer used

Question 26

homoplasy

Answer 26

organisms have traits in common but dont have a common ancestor

Question 27

convergent evolution

Answer 27

independent natural selection of similar traits in unrelated individuals

Question 28

phenotypes

Answer 28

measurable traits (eye color)

Question 29

genotypes

Answer 29

genes that code for traits (genes that code for hair color gg= brown hair)

Question 30

locus

Answer 30

the location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 31

alleles

Answer 31

particular versios of a gene that occur at the same locus (alleles for green or blue eyes)