Final Review - Everything

Question 1

Peace Westphalia

Answer 1

At the ending of 2 wars, the foundation of sovereignty.

Question 2

Social Contract Theory

Answer 2

Society is built upon an agreement where individuals consent to surrender certain freedoms in exchange for the protection of their rights and the maintenance of social order

Question 3

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 3

Give individuals liberties over to the power to give people safety, also people suck and are self-interested.

Question 4

John Locke

Answer 4

Humans are good and will naturally work together.

Question 5

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Answer 5

Citizens should have a direct (democracy) and man is good but society corrupts them.

Question 6

Nation

Answer 6

Unifying identity, homogenous

Question 7

State

Answer 7

Political identity, a nation with sovereignty, requires territory and legitimacy. Can have multiple nations within.

Question 8

Weakness in State

Answer 8

Only represents dominant group.

Question 9

Strengths in State

Answer 9

Non-interference

Question 10

Sovereignty

Answer 10

The right to govern yourself without interference.

Question 11

Liberalism

Answer 11

Personal freedom, equality, limited government, consent of the individual.

Question 12

Classical Liberalism

Answer 12

Freedom from government, follows Locke, harm principle, equality of opportunity.

Question 13

Harm Principle

Answer 13

The only legitimate reason for limiting an individual’s freedom is to prevent harm to others.

Question 14

Reform Liberalism

Answer 14

Advocate for safety nets, positive freedoms, expanding equal rights, consent of the majority, equity.

Question 15

Socialism

Answer 15

Government involvement, social programs, safety nets, public ownership, reducing rich/poor gap, Marxism and Alienation.

Question 16

Conservatism

Answer 16

Traditional values, maintaining status quo, idolize the old times.

Question 17

Bureaucracy

Answer 17

The 3 branches of government, no one branch has too much power, Check and Balances

Question 18

Executive Branch

Answer 18

Prime minister and the Cabinet. Implements and administers laws.

Question 19

Legislative Branch

Answer 19

House of Commons, MPs. Makes the laws.

Question 20

Judicial Branch

Answer 20

Judges, Interpreting laws and makes sure they are enforced right.

Question 21

FPTP

Answer 21

Who ever gets the most seats wins (50% or the most of the seats).

Question 22

Proportional Representation

Answer 22

The percentage of the vote reflects amount of seats won.

Question 23

Runoff

Answer 23

Like FPTP, but you need a majority, therefore you rank each candidates, multiple voting rounds.

Question 24

Strengths of PR

Answer 24

Broad representation

Question 25

Weakness of PR

Answer 25

Forms unstable coalitions, lose local representaiton.

Question 26

Strengths for FPTP

Answer 26

Efficient and simple.

Question 27

Weakness of FPTP

Answer 27

Doesn't reflect popular vote, uneven ridings, leads to strategic voting.

Question 28

Civil Society

Answer 28

Everyone who isn't in government, like charities and non-profits.

Question 29

Role of Civil Society

Answer 29

Hold government accountable, protest, send letters, use media as a watchdog. Work in economy and labour associations.

Question 30

Media as Civil Society

Answer 30

Freedom of the press and is the fundamental watch dog.

Question 31

Charities vs Non-Profits

Answer 31

Charities get tax receipts and are overseen by the government, therefore it limits their political activity. NP are not highly controlled.

Question 32

Issue with Charities and NP

Answer 32

Government uses them as excuses to not create public services like homeless shelters and food banks.

Question 33

United Nations

Answer 33

International body that has international jurisdiction, peace keep, and is representation for the entire world.

Question 34

How many countries in the UN?

Answer 34

193 + 2 observer seats (Vatican City and Palestine) Russia, France, UK, US, and China has permanent seats with veto power.

Question 35

General Assembly

Answer 35

The members of states who are not on security council. Makes recommendations to Security Council

Question 36

ECOSOC

Answer 36

Economic and Social Council: the research body that makes policy recommendations and consultations.

Question 37

Secretariat

Answer 37

Day to day operations.

Question 38

ICC - International Criminal Court

Answer 38

Tries crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocides.

Question 39

ICJ - International Court of Justice

Answer 39

Resolves disputes between countries, usually related to jurisdiction or secession.

Question 40

Trusteeship Council

Answer 40

Oversees territories governed by the UN, hasn't functioned since 1994.

Question 41

UN Declaration of Human Rights

Answer 41

Universal standard of human rights but talks more about political rights rather than social rights and is defined vaguely.

Question 42

Realism

Answer 42

States are inherently self-interested and want to get ahead, requires balance of power to create checks through deterrence.

Question 43

Positive Peace

Answer 43

Peace is made by continuous work between countries.

Question 44

Negative Peace

Answer 44

The mere absence of conflict is peace.