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Final review flash Flashcards

Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Musculoskeletal (70 cards)

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1
Q
  1. What is a nitrate (nitroglycerin):
A
  • Vasodilator
  • Decrease BP
  • Chest pain
  • Side effect: headache
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2
Q
  1. Spironolactone:
A
  • Potassium sparing diuretic
  • Used for heart failure patients
  • Causes hypercalcemia
  • Watch potassium and kidney function
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3
Q
  1. Patient teaching on antihypertensive
A
  • Change positions slowly
  • Dangle before getting out of bed
  • Decrease sodium intake
  • Watch blood pressure
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4
Q
  1. Which medications help lower blood pressure:
A
  • Diuretics and antihypertensive medications
    o Prescribed at the same time
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5
Q
  1. What’s warfarin:
A
  • Blood thinner
  • Assess for signs of bleeding
  • Labs: Pt, INR
  • Antidote: Vitamin K
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6
Q
  1. Symptoms of digoxin toxicity:
A
  • Blurred vision
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Check dig levels
  • Increase potassium increases dig toxicity
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7
Q
  1. Why check BNP:
A
  • Heart failure
  • > 200= HF
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8
Q
  1. Signs of Heart failure:
A
  • Fluid overload
  • Edema
  • Crackles
  • SOB
  • JVD
  • Ascites
  • Orthopnea
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9
Q
  1. Parts of the EKG waveforms:
A
  • Atrial contraction: P wave
  • Vent contraction: QRS complex
  • Vent repolarization: T wave
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10
Q
  1. Patient has T wave changes:
A
  • Electrolyte panel
  • Hypercalcemia
  • Heart attack
    • Priority patient*
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11
Q
  1. What are concerning assessment findings after fluid has been drained:
A
  • Fluid volume shifts
  • Fluid is drained too quickly
  • Watch decreased in Blood pressure and increase in heart rate
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12
Q
  1. Auscultating patient with heart mummer:
A
  • Valve issue
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13
Q
  1. Patient is down or coded:
A
  • Assess the patient
  • Check pulse
  • Make sure it’s VFib before you shock
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14
Q

Rheumatoid carditis:

A
  • Strep in the past
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15
Q
  1. Risk factors for heart failure:
A
  • Most common: Hypertension
  • African American males
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Family history of heart disease
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16
Q
  1. Defib safety:
A
  • Pads in the right spot
  • Clear before shocking
  • Safe area and a dry area
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17
Q
  1. Patient cardiac Cath education:
A
  • Npo
  • What the procedure is
  • Allergies: iodine
  • Expect lying flat for long time
  • Watch for signs of bleeding
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18
Q
  1. Tell tell sign for triple A’s:
A
  • Pulsating mass in the abdomen
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19
Q
  1. Loop diuretic labs:
A
  • Potassium
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20
Q
  1. Medications with MI:
A
  • Aspirin and clopidogrel
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21
Q
  1. Difference between Heparin and Lovenox:
A
  • Hep: appt, pt
  • Lovenox: don’t have to get lab work as often
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22
Q
  1. Thrombolytic therapy TPA:
A
  • Don’t give to trauma patients they are already bleeding or at great risk for bleeding
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23
Q
  1. What do you take iron with:
A
  • Take with vitamin C
  • Do not take with dairy
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24
Q
  1. Hypertension lifestyle changes:
A
  • Diet and exercise
  • Decrease sodium
  • Smoking cessation
  • Decrease alcohol
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25
25. Side effects of chemo and radiation:
- Burns - Immunocompromised - Anemia and decrease platelet count - Weak and tired - Nausea and vomiting
26
26. Signs of bleeding:
- Blood in urine - Petechiae - Blood when brushing teeth
27
27. Diet restrictions on warfarin:
- Do not eat leafy greens because it has vitamin K in it
28
28. Warfarin and Eliquis:
- Warfarin tons of lab draw - Warfarin doesn’t play well with other medications
29
29. Assessment findings for acute MI:
- Pale - Diaphoretic - Anxious - SOB - Nausea - Cheat pain - Pulseless
30
30. Priority:
- Airway
31
31. Heparin Dosage
32
32. Lymphoma biggest sign:
- Swollen lymph nodes
33
33. Sickle cell anemia:
- Pain - Oxygen: priority - Hydration - Increase infection and dehydration
34
34. Blood transfusions:
- Consent - Check and screen - Vitals - Stay with the patient for the first 15 minutes
35
35. Signs of transfusion circulator associated infection:
- Shortness of breath - CHF patients - Increase heart rate and decrease o2 - Stop transfusion - Call doctor
36
36. Chest pain labs:
- Heparin - d Dimer - BNP
37
37. Why don’t you use creatine kinase for chest pain:
- Works on muscles in general, doesn’t target just the heart muscle
38
38. COPD teaching:
- Hydration - O2 safety - No smoking - Watch o2 cord, fall prevention - Skin protection - Storage
39
39. COPD meds:
- albuterol inhaler - steroids - Patients need to have: o First action plan o Maintenance plan
40
40. Epinephrine:
- Vasoconstrictor - Bronchodilator
41
41. Education when taking an albuterol inhaler:
- Rinse mouth with water after each use
42
42. Who is at an increased risk for respiratory disorders:
- Patients with asthma - Allergies - Family history of COPD or cystic fibrosis
43
43. Who is at risk for respiratory issues:
- Occupation - Where they live - Do they smoke, if so, how many - Social activities
44
44. Who is at risk for aspiration:
- Swallowing difficulty patients - Cancer patients - Quadriplegic
45
45. Nasal fracture:
- Assess the airway for obstruction and excessive bleeding
46
46. Chest tubes:
- Sterile water: if becomes dislodged from tower - Gauze and tape on three sides: dislodged from patient
47
47. Signs and symptoms of lung cancer:
- Blood-tinged sputum - Unplanned weight loss - SOB - Persistent cough - Hoarseness in voice
48
Patient has thick secretions they can't clear
- Hydration - Mucinex - Humidifier on o2 - Percussion therapy
49
49. Dosage
50
50. ABG
ph: 7.35(A)-7.45(B) PaC02: 35(B)-45(A) HC03: 22(A)-26(B)
51
51. What does a patient look like when they are struggling to breathe:
- Cyanotic - Using accessory muscles - Nasal flaring
52
52. Allergic to penicillin:
- Also don’t give cephalosporin
53
53. Side effects with mycins:
- Ototoxicity - Renal problems - Measure peaks and troth levels
54
54. Rifampin TB medication:
- Everything turns orange - Do not wear contacts
55
55. What to consider with a new trach or laryngectomy patient:
- Communication methods
56
56. COPD classic position:
- Tripod position
57
57. Trach care and suctioning signs of decline
- DE stating o2 - Increase heart rate - You need to stop and hyper oxygenate the patient
58
58. Risk factors for sleep apnea:
- Obesity - Thick neck - Uvula and adenoids enlargement
59
59. Complications of new trach or chest tube patients:
- Subcutaneous emphysema
60
60. Allopurinol:
- Used for gout - Annual eye exam
61
61. Pain medications cause:
- Respiratory depression
62
62. Tylenol watch for what:
- Liver - You will need to check the pts liver enzymes
63
63. Plantar fasciitis:
- Pain in the bottom of the feet due to overuse
64
64. Risk factors with osteoporosis:
- Low vitamin D - Low calcium - Post menopausal women - Steroids long term uses - Inactivity - Caffeine - Alcohol - Smoking
65
65. Amputation patients when reporting pain:
- Assess the patient first
66
66. How to walk with a cane:
- Use on your strong side
67
67. Femur fracture:
- Fatty embolism o Chest pain o Petechiae o ABC’s
68
68. Where is gout usually found:
- In the big toe
69
69. Osteomyelitis:
- Antibiotics are long term - PICC are usually placed
70
70. MRI safety:
- No implanted devices

Level 3 final (1 decks)

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