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final review semester `1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the largest island in the world, located in europe?

A

greenland

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2
Q

characterized by long, narrow, steep-sided inlets called fjords

A

scandinavian peninsula coastline

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3
Q

what is the reformation?

A

a movement started by martin luther, creating the protestant faith and alternating europe’s religious landscape

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4
Q

what is the renaissance?

A

a period of cultural revival and enlightenment in europe

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5
Q

transformation of manufacturing in europe, replacing human labor with machines

A

industrial revolution

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6
Q

what are some reasons for the industrial revolution in great britain?

A

access to rivers and oceans, abundance of coal and iron ore

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7
Q

what is the european union?

A

a united europe where goods, services, and workers can move freely among other member countries

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8
Q

what is the mid 20th-century european unity movement?

A

western european countries’ struggles to rebuild economies after world war 2

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9
Q

what are guest workers?

A

foreigners working temporarily in a country other than their own

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10
Q

what is the delta works project?

A

a sophisticated flood prevention network benefiting the netherlands

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11
Q

what country is the most populated nation in western europe?

A

germany

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12
Q

what is europe’s nickname?

A

the peninsula of peninsula

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13
Q

what is the northern european plain?

A

a region rich in agricultural lands, iron ore, and coal

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14
Q

what is the worlds second-smallest continent?

A

europe

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14
Q

what river is the longest in western europe?

A

danube

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15
Q

what are climate and vegetation factors?

A

northern latitude and proximity to the sea

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16
Q

when did the industrial revolution begin?

A

the late 1700’s

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17
Q

majority of russians live in the?

A

ural mountains

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17
Q

how many time zones does russia have?

A

11

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18
Q

longest river in europe but the 4th largest in russia

A

volga river

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19
Q

russia is rich in resources like what?

A

oil, natural gas, and minerals

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19
Q

russia has the ___ coastline of any nation in the world?

A

longest

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20
Q

an area of rich soil whose farms feed most of russia

A

black earth belt

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21
Q

____ accounts for about ___ of russia’s land area

A

siberia, three quarters

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22
what climate region dominate the landscape of russia's land area?
the tundra
23
what lake hold one fifth of all unfrozen freshwater found on earth?
lake baikal
23
what is the largest region in russia today?
eastern orthodoxy
24
what is russification?
discrimination and mistreatment of non-slavic russians and encouraging people to speak russian and follow eastern orthodox christianity
24
what percentage of russians or ethnically slavic?
80%
25
what is putin responsible for?
the invasion of ukraine
25
who was russia's first leader (czar)?
ivan the terrible
26
what has putin brought to the nation?
economic growth
27
what has putin brought to the russian economy?
stability
28
after serving ____, putin got the job as ____ after ____ resigned and he was re-elected in ___, ___, ___, and again in ___
prime minister, president, boris yeltsin, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2018
29
vladimir putin was a former member of what spy group?
KGB
30
who was the russian federation's first democratically elected president?
boris yeltsin
31
the policy of practice of ___, means more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader mikhail gorbachev from 1985
glasnost
32
mikhail gorbachev instituted a policy of ___, or economic restructuring in 1985
perestroika
33
what year did the soviet union collapse?
december 26, 1991
34
a fire in 1996 in the nuclear reactor in the town of ___ released tons of radioactive particles into the local environment
chernobyl
35
what is the cold war?
the state of political hostility that existed between the soviet bloc countries and the u.s. led western powers from 1945-1990
36
education emphasized what subjects during the soviet era?
math, science, and engineering
37
when attacking russia in 1941, what county was defeated due to russia's harsh winter?
germany
38
who established the soviet union?
vladimir lenin
39
the ideas of who were the basis for communication?
karl marx
40
what are vertical climates?
different crops at different elevations
41
what is a tributary?
a small body of water flowing into a larger body
42
what is el nino?
unusually warm temperatures in the eastern pacific ocean
43
what is an isthmus?
a narrow strip of land with sea on either side
44
what desert is the driest hot desert in the world?
atacama desert
45
where was the maya civilization concentrated?
concentrated around the yucatan peninsula
46
what was the incan civilization skilled in?
engineering, used terrace farming, had quipu
47
what was the aztec civilization's capital city
tenochtitlan
48
2 european colonizers
spain and portugal
49
when did latin america gain it's independence?
latin america gained independence from european colonizers in the 1800s
50
what religion is the largest in latin america?
roman catholicism
51
what is the main language spoken in latin america?
spanish
52
what is the official language of brazil?
portugese
53
what connects the atlantic ocean with the pacific ocean?
panama canal
54
cuba and venezuela were what since the end of colonial rule?
socialist systems
55
mexico benefits the most from what trade agreement?
NAFTA
56
what contains u.s. territories? (ex: u.s. virgin islands and puerto rico)
caribbean
57
what was original country was divided into what is now haiti and the dominican republic?
hispaniola
58
what country is considered a developing country?
mexico
59
what are favelas?
slums in latin america
60
what is the purpose of mapping?
to locate countries and geographical feautures
61
the term used for the ethno-racial classification of people mixed european and indigenous american ancestry throughout latin american
mestizo
62
africans came to the caribbean as ___ bought by europeans
enslaved workers
63
what was the first latin american country to gain its independence?
haiti
64
aztec farmers grew maize and beans on what?
chinampas
65
what was the primary killer of native american populations?
disease
66
what other countries/continents does latin america include?
mexico, central america, the caribbean, and south america
67
south america is the __ _____ continent?
4th largest
68
what river is the western hemisphere's longest river?
amazon river
69
the amazon basin contains the world's largest what?
river
70
what are the two main languages of latin america?
spanish and portugese
71
what were the europeans who claimed parts of the americas for spain called?
conquistadors
72
what is a mural?
artwork that is painted directly onto a wall
73
what were the native american empires of latin america?
maya, aztec, and incan
74
what was the columbian exchange?
a dramatically widespread exchange of animals, plants, culture, and human populations
75
what is a latifundia?
large mechanized farms found in latin america
76
in 2010, an earthquake devastated haiti, resulting in the death of how many people?
250,000
77
what is culture?
the way of life of a group of people who share beliefs and customs
78
what is geography?
the study of how people, places, and things are located and how they relate to each other
79
what is absolute location?
the LATITUDE and LONGITUDE of a particular place
80
what is relative location
your location in RELATION TO ANOTHER PLACE OR LANDMARK
81
what is an ethnic group?
a group of people who share common ancestry; including language, religion, or customs
82
what is ethnocentrism?
judging other cultures based upon your own culture
83
what are the five themes of geography?
location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction
84
what is a command economy?
one in which the government has direct control of the economy
85
what is a market economy?
one in which private individuals or groups have a right to own property or business and make a profit with only limited government interference
86
good traded to outside countries are known as what?
exports
87
goods brought into the country from foreign lands are known as what?
imports
88
a form of government with a hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power is known as what?
monarchy
89
a form of government where a person rules with unlimited power and authority is known as what?
autocracy
90
a form of government where a small group holds power is known as a what?
an oligarchy
91
a form of government where leaders rule with the consent of the governed is known as a what?
democracy
92
what is an archipelago?
a chain or group of islands
93
what is the ring of fire?
the nickname given to the path along the pacific ocean where tectonic plates frequently crash and slide and is often characterized by active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes

world cultures (2 decks)

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