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Final Review Sheet Flashcards

0
Q

What is a physical change? Give 2 examples

A

Things that can go back to its original form. Eg ice melting, paper ripping

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1
Q

Give an example of a quantitative and a qualitative observation

A

Quan: numbers
Qual: colour

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2
Q

What is a chemical change? Give two examples

A

Things that cannot go back to its original form. Eg rust, apple oxidizing

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3
Q

What are the signs if a chemical change?

A

Gas bubbles, color change, heat, new things formed

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4
Q

What are the signs of a physical change?

A

Color change

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5
Q

What are chemical and physical properties?

A

Chem: “reacts with…”
Phys: mass

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6
Q

What is an alloy? Give two examples

A

Mixture of metals. Eg brass, 24k gold

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7
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture? Give an example

A

One thing throughout. Eg gatorade

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8
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give an example

A

More than one thing throughout. Eg milk, sand, candy bar

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9
Q

What is the difference between an element, a compound, and a mixture? Give one example of each

A

Element: simplest form of matter;Na
Compound: 2 or more atoms chemically combined;NaCl
Mixture: variable composition and separated by physical means;KoolAid

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10
Q

What is a phase change? Give an example

A

Solid to liquid to gas. Eg ice melting and water evaporating

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11
Q

What is sublimation

A

Solid to gas

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12
Q

What is the formila for density?

A

D=m/v

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13
Q

What does phenolphthalein do in the presence of a base? An acid?

A

Base: pink
Acid: clear

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14
Q

What are the symbols and the location of each subatomic particle in an atom?

A

Electrons: outside; e-
Protons: inside; p+
Neutrons: inside; n°

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15
Q

What did Dalton believe about the atom?

A

Atoms were solid, indestructable spheres

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16
Q

List the diatomic elements.

A

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

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17
Q

What is a line spectrum?

A

Heated elements passed theough a prism

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18
Q

What do dark bands represent?

A

Energy absorbed as electron moves up an energy level

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19
Q

What do the bands of light represent?

A

Protons as electrons move down

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20
Q

What is a photon?

A

Packet of light energy

21
Q

What are some differences between a principle energy level of 1 and 7?

A

Larger the energy level the greater the distance from the nucleus

22
Q

What is the shape of the sublevels “s” and “p”?

A

S: sphere
P: peanut

23
Q

How many orientations are in s, p, d, and f?

A

S: 1
P: 3
D: 5
F: 7

24
How many electrons can each cubicle or orientation hold?
2n^2
25
Horizontal rows of the periodic table are called:
Periods
26
Which orbital block corresponds to the transition metals?
D
27
Name the general types of bonds.
Ionic, covalent, polar covalent
28
Comment on ionic bonds&give an example.
Metal transfer to non metal. Eg: NaCl
29
Comment on covalent bonds&give an example.
Two or more non metals share electrons. Eg: CO_2
30
Comment on polar covalent bonds&give an example.
Electrons are unequally shared. Eg: HI
31
What is electronegativity?
Tendency for atoms to attract e-
32
How do atoms form cations or anions?
By losing or gaining electrons
33
Compare/contrast ionic and molecular conpounds
Ionic: neutral and strong Molecular: not strong
34
Write the pathway for going from grams to atoms of a compound.
G-mol-molec-atoms
35
What is a limiting reactant?
The reactant that runs out first in a chemical reaction.
36
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances.
37
Solvent
Substance present in largest amount. Eg: H_2O
38
Aqueous solution
Solution in which H_2O is the solvent
39
Polar solubility
Dissolves in polar stuff
40
Miscible.
Substances that will dissolve in each other. Eg: salt and water
41
Inmiscible
Substances that will not dissolve in each other. Eg: oil and water
42
Write the formula for methane.
CH_4
43
What is STP?
Standard temperature and pressure
44
What is absolute zero?
C°: 0° | K: 273
45
What does "n" represent?
Mols
46
If one solution has a pH of 4 and another soultion has a pH of 6, describe how these are different in terms of strength.
One is 100X stronger than the other
47
List the radioactive particles from least to most.
Positron, alpha, beta, gamma.
48
List the area in Washington that has experienced a lot of nuclear chemistry issues.
Hanford.
49
Define exothermic and endothermic.
Exo: releases heat; explosions Endo: gain heat; ice melting
50
What is enthalpy?
Heat of vaporization

Honors Chemistry (1 decks)

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