Final Review W Flashcards
Which monosaccharide is used by cells as an energy source
Glucose
What kind of organic compound stores the most energy
Lipids
What are the reactants and the products in a chemical reaction
Reactants are what goes into a chemical reaction and the products are what comes out
What are enzymes What class of organic compounds do they belong to and what do they do
A special type of protein that acts as a biological catalyst. They belong to proteins and act as a carrying molecules
What is a substrate
What is the active site
What is a catalyst and other name for it
A substrate is the reactants of enzyme catalyzed reaction
An active site is where the enzyme fits into the substrate
A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the EA
Explain the relationship between the shape of the enzyme active site and the substrate
They have complementary shapes and the enzyme fits into the substrate like a lock and key
What are some factors and could impact the function of an enzyme
They can be denatured by high heat, and a strong acid or base
Reactants products and what organelle is cellular respiration
Reactants are oxygen and glucose
Products are carbon dioxide water and energy
Organelle is mitochondria
Reactants products and organelle for photosynthesis
Reactants are carbon dioxide water and sunlight
Products are glucose and oxygen
Organelle is chloroplast
What is the first step of photosynthesis
Light dependent reactions
What is made during the light dependent reactions and provides energy for light independent reactions
ATP and NADPH
What molecule captures energy from the sunlight
Chlorophyll
Purpose of cellular respiration and chemical reaction
To break down glucose and food molecules
6 oxygen glucose equals 6 carbon dioxide 6 water ATP
What is an organelle
Organized or specialized structures living within a cell
Cytoskeleton
Made of microtubules and micro filaments, cell shape, help cells move
Mitochondria
Converts chemical energy in food to usable cells that need more energy
Chloroplast
Converts solar energy to chemical energy stored in food called photosynthesis
What is the difference between cilia and flagella
Cilia is short, numerous, hair like structure
Flagella is longer, whip like, and one or two
Main components of cell membrane
Phospholipids, cholesterol, carbohydrates
Difference between endocytosis and exocytosis
Endocytosis is taking materials into the cell by infoldings or pocket
Exocytosis is a process in which the membrane of the vacuole surrounding the material fuses with the cell membrane forcing the contents out of the cel
How is pinocytosis different from phagocytosis
Pinocytosis is cell drinking and intakes small drops of liquids phagocytosis is cell eating and intakes of solids
What is a hormone and how do they work in an organism
A chemical that is produced in one part of an organism and affects another part of the same individual
What is DNA replication
Why is it necessary
When does it occur
Process of copying DNA into another molecule of DNA
It gives new cells produced a complete set of chromosomes
It occurs in the s phase on interphase in the cell before mitosis
What happens during transcription
DNA is unzipped and copied and RNA polymerase pairs free floating nucleotides with unzipped stands. Only one strand acts as a template
