Final Revisions/Weak Areas

Question 1

Describe the Soil(s) of the Duoro

Answer 1

schist bedrock that vertically splits, allowing water and roots to penetrate deeply
granite which vines cannot survive in

Question 2

Sherry maturation vessels

Answer 2

Varies. 600L butts from American oak

Question 3

Port maturation vessels

Answer 3

varies. old oak
largest= 10,000L balseiros
common= 600L pipes

Question 4

Madeira maturation vessels

Answer 4

American oak (historic).
varies. 300-650L for Canteiro.
Temp controlled stainless steel for estufagem

Question 5

Rutherglen maturation vessels

Answer 5

varies. old round or oval casks 1300-9000L or 180-500L barrels.

Question 6

VDN maturation vessels

Answer 6

old oak and/or glass demijohns (bonbonnes)

Question 7

Sherry vine training system

Answer 7

vara y pulgar, now VSP (mechanisation)

Question 8

Madeira vine training system

Answer 8

latadas, now VSP (airflow and mechanisation)

Question 9

VDN vine training system

Answer 9

bush vines, VSP, low density depending on site.
Shady canopy avoids sunburn & excess shrivelling

Question 10

Sherry soil(s) and description

Answer 10

albariza- limestone (chalk), silica, clay
Barros- clay
arenas- sand

Question 11

What soil does moscatel grow on

Answer 11

Arenas

Question 12

What is the difference between limestone and chalk

Answer 12

chalk is a sub type of limestone with a high calcium carbonate content

Question 13

Impact of albariza

Answer 13

• crust prevents evaportation
• water retention increases planting density
• aids in ripening due to reflection from white soils

Question 14

How does albariza work (structure)

Answer 14

shell remenants from acquatic microorganisms created a porous structure which acts like a sponge in the raining season. Water is slowly released during the growing season

Question 15

Madeira soil(s) and description

Answer 15

variable soils due to volcanic activity

Question 16

Banyuls vineyards soils and description

Answer 16

steeply terraced schist slopes

Question 17

Maury soil(s), description, and location

Answer 17

dark schist stores heat during the day and releases it at night aiding in ripening.

Pyrenees foothills

Question 18

Disease and climate pressure in Sherry

Answer 18

water scarcity, autumn rains, sunburn,

Question 19

Describe the Sherry Rootstock

Answer 19

13-5 Evex
v. vinifera x v. berlandieri
- limestone tolerant (less chlorosis)
- drought tolerant
- high yielding

Question 20

Disease and climate pressure in Rutherglen

Answer 20

autumn rain (fungal disease, grey/noble rot, sunburn,

Question 21

Disease and climate pressure in Southern France

Answer 21

sunburn, excessive shrivel,

Question 22

Disease and climate pressure in Port

Answer 22

drought, heat stress, fungal disease, errosion

Question 23

Disease and climate pressure in Madeira

Answer 23

high disease pressure due to humidity. both mildews, grey rot, and phomopsis.

Question 24

Which side of Madeira is drier? why?

Answer 24

The south. Moist air from the north cools and condenses as it travels up the mountain making this part wetter and cooler.

Question 25

Benefit of latadas

Answer 25

- permits air circulation (disease prevention) - space for growing crops under

Question 26

Sub-regions of Port

Answer 26

Cima Corgo, Baixo Corgo, Duoro Superior

Question 27

Cities of Sherry

Answer 27

Jerez de la Frontera El Puerto de Santa Maria Sanlucar de Barrameda

Question 28

Sub-regions of Southern Rhone

Answer 28

Rasteau Muscat de Beaumes de Venise

Question 29

Sub-regions of Languedoc

Answer 29

Muscat de Frontignan Muscat de St Jean de Minervois

Question 30

Sub-regions of Roussillon

Answer 30

Grand Roussillon Banyuls Banyuls Grand Cru Maury Muscat de Rivesaltes Rivesaltes

Question 31

Main permitted grapes of Port

Answer 31

30+ permitted - touriga nacional - touriga franca - tinta roriz - tinta barroca - tinto cao

Question 32

What is the governing body of Sherry and when was it established?

Answer 32

consejo regulador. 1933

Question 33

What is the governing body of Madeira and when was it established?

Answer 33

IVBAM. 2006

Question 34

What is the governing body of Port and when was it established?

Answer 34

IVDP. 2003

Question 35

Flavours associated with biological ageing

Answer 35

acetaldehyde, bruised apple, chamomile, blanched almonds

Question 36

Flavours associated with autolysis

Answer 36

focaccia, dough, yeast, brioche

Question 37

Flavours associated with oxidative ageing

Answer 37

dried fruit, nuts, caramel, coffee

Question 38

Flavours associated with maderisation

Answer 38

burnt sugar, smoke, roasted nuts, bitter orange

Question 39

Compare muscat of Alexandria and muscat a petits grains

Answer 39

Alexandria: - less aromatic - lower acid - larger berries - used in simple, high volume styles Both are drought tolerant, susceptible to powdery mildew and grey rot.

Question 40

List all styles of Port

Answer 40

Ruby, Tawny, R/T Reserve, Age indicated Tawny, Colheita, Vintage, Single Quinta, Crusted, LBV, White, Rose, W/T VVO, W/T W