final study Flashcards by Kailee Olivia

Which holy book condemned coffee as an intoxicant and banned its use?
a. bible
b. koran
c. concordance
d. talmud

koran

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Acetylsalicylic acid is similar to a chemical found in
a. pine needles
b. willow bark
c. bermuda grass
d. ergot

willow bark

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a problem with gasoline sniffing is
a. lead poisoning
b. toluene build up in adipose tissue
c. paraldehyde poisioning
d. headaches from the fumes

lead poisoning

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inhalant users describe the effects as
a. hallucinogenic
b. long in duration
c. hazy euphoria
d. an intense rush followed by an intense crash

hazy euphoria

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a commonly prescribed benzodiazepine for sleep, which is also used to sedate patients receiving dental implants, is
a. valium
b. halcion
c. dalmane
d. seconal

halcion

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hypoxia is
a. breathing difficulties due to drugs
b. decreased oxygen in the brain that can lead to brain damage
c. liver problems due to drugs
c. a type of drug-related seizure

decreased oxygen in the brain that can lead to brain damage

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anxiolytic drugs
a. decrease anxiety
b. cause death in small doses
c. are toxic in small doses
d. smell bad

decrease anxiety

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the effectiveness of barbiturates as a sleep agent is due to the fact that barbiturates
a. depress respiration
b. interfere with REM
c. interfere with the cerebellum
d. have no effect on the limbic system

interefere with REM

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methaqualone is a generic name for
a. quaaludes
b. valium
c. librium
d. xanax

quaaludes

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which of the following is not one of the three main types of sedative-hypnotic drugs
a. barbiturates
b. nonbarbiturate sedatives
c. major tranquilizers
d. minor tranquilizers

major tranquilizers

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after marijuana, _____ are the most commonly used illegal drugs
a. prescription drugs
b. anti-inflammatory drugs
c. sedative hypnotics
d. inhalants

prescription drugs

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which of the following is a nonbarbiturate
a. seconal
b. meprobamate
c. amorbarbital
d. butabarbital

meprobamate

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mathaqualone was originally tested to treat
a. chicken pox
b. polio
c. malaria
d. AIDS

malaria

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prior to the federal government banning the use of Rohypnol in 1996, physicians in the US had been prescribing Rohypnol mainly for
a. insomnia
b. anxiety
c. seizures
d. muscle relaxation

insomnia

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the makers of Lexapro have experienced legal problems regarding the marketing of Lexapro as an antidepressant for use with
a. young adults
b. menopausal women
c. children
d. middle-aged men.

children

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Inhalants are primarily used by _______ because of their low cost, availability, and size.
a. women
b. men
c. adolescents
d. children

adolescents

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Nitrous oxide is used as an
Select one:
a. anti-anxiety drug
b. anesthetic
c. a major tranquilizer
d. over-the-counter sedative

anesthetic

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To say a drug exerts a soporific effect is to say that the drug will induce
Select one:
a. hallucinations
b. delusions
c. sleep
d. sedation

sleep

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Chloral hydrate is dangerous mainly because
Select one:
a. the margin between the effective and lethal dose is slight
b. large amounts must be taken before an effect can be felt
c. it causes cerebral vessels to burst
d. its anesthetic properties cause one to sleep

the margin between the effective and lethal dose is slight

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which of the following sedative-hypnotics are not currently used?
Select one:
a. Phenobarbital
b. Butabarbital
c. Paraldehyde
d. Seconal

paraldehyde

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Barbiturates and alcohol create an effect that is
Select one:
a. synergistic
b. additive
c. benign
d. dilative

synergistic

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Benzodiazepines are
Select one:
a. major tranquilizers
b. solely hypnotic drugs
c. minor tranquilizers
d. anti-psychotic drugs

minor tranquilizers

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What group uses GHB for reasons other than criminal date rape?
Select one:
a. Those needing to stay awake for long periods
b. Bodybuilders
c. Truck drivers
d. Those suffering from narcolepsy

bodybuilders

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The most common form of depression is:
a. tripolar
b. bipolar
c. unipolar
d. always accompanied by manic states

unipolar

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The model which focuses on symptoms, diagnosis, and cure is referred to as a. the psychological model b. the medical model c. the sociocultural model d. the psychiatric model

the medical model

What group uses GHB for reasons other than criminal date rape? Select one: a. Those needing to stay awake for long periods b. Bodybuilders c. Truck drivers d. Those suffering from narcolepsy

bodybuilders

Roofies" and "the date rape drug" refer to Select one: a. Librium b. Valium c. Rohypnol d. nitrites

rohypnol

When barbital was introduced in 1903, the brand name was Select one: a. Veronal b. Valium c. Librium d. Xanax

Veronal

Ataxia is defined as Select one: a. seizures due to benzodiazepine use b. a lack of coordination c. hallucinations due to benzodiazepine use d. anxiety attacks

a lack of coordination

The psychoactive agent in glue is Select one: a. adhesives b. toluene c. benzene d. epinephrine

toluene

A problem with the use of bromides is Select one: a. the resulting high is measured in seconds b. that bromides build up in the body c. that bromides induce hallucinations d. that bromides are carcinogenic

that bromides build up in the body

the use of _______was stopped after the death of 54 people. a. Miltown b. benzedrine c. Dexedrine d. iproniazid

iproniazid

the brand name for venlafaxine is a. pristiq b. effexor XR c. zoloft d. paxil

effexor XR

which of the following does Zoloft seem to be effective in treating a. moderate to severe depression b. tardive dyskinesia c. tinnitus d. bipolar disorders

moderate to severe depression

bupropion is a. wellbutrin b. xanax c. valium d. methadone

wellbutrin

a person who loses contact with reality suffers from a. psychosis b. neuro trials c. manic modes d. delusional modes

psychosis

sudden and involuntary muscle spasms of the head, neck, lips, tongue, eyes, and slurred sppech are most likely symptoms of a. akathesia b. dystonia c. tardive dyskinesia d. parkinsonism

dystonia

SSRI stands for a. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor b. secondary symptoms of recessiv inhibitions c. secondary serotonin relapse index d. simple symptoms of rough indices

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

MAOI's were discovered by accident when iproniazid was being used to treat a. cancer b. tuberculosis c. polio d. heart disease

tuberculosis

Lithium is effective in people who have unipolar depression and a. have not responded to ECT b. do not respond to tricyclics c. have not abused sedative-hypnotics d. have decreased REM during sleep

do not respond to tricyclics

A problem with antipsychotic medications is that the drugs a. are absorbed erratically b. have a short half-life c. build up in the brain d. only work on a small percentage of psychotic patients

are absorbed erratically

A condition marked by a dull facial expression, weakness in the extremities, tremors rigidity, and extremely slow and limited movements is referred to as a. Parkinsonism b. dystonia c. akathesia d. tardive dyskinesia

Parkinsonism

wellbutrin has been approved to treat a. seasonal affective disorder b. anxiety c. inflammation d. blood clots

seasonal affective disorder

which SSRI had bad publicity because of lawsuits, but is still popularly prescribed a. zoloft b. prozac c. pepcid d. elavil

prozac

Which of the following does Zoloft seem to be effective in treating? a.Moderate to severe depression b. Tardive dyskinesia c. Tinnitus d. Bipolar disorders

moderate to severe depression

Motor disorders such as involuntary repetitive facial movements, lip smacking, involuntary movements of the trunk and limbs, and twitching is Select one: a. tardive dyskinesia b. polyuria c. bradykinesia d. akathesia

tardive dyskinesia

tricyclics work best with a. bipolar affective disorder b. those patients who experience hallucinations c. minimal unipolar depression d. severe unipolar depression

severe unipolar depression

after treatment is ceased, tardive dyskinesia reversed itself in what percent of petients a. 55% b. 65% c. 75% d. 85%

55%

dulozetine is more commonly known as a. effexor XR b. pristiq c. cymbalta d. paxil

cymbalta

bipolar affective disorder was formerly called a. a highly-curable mental illness b. a mental illness that is difficult to cure c. manic depression d. a unipolar affective disorder

manic depression

lexapro is an a. SSRI b. SNFI c. PTSD d. DXM

SSRI

paroxetine is a generic term for a. elevil b. prozac c. paxil d. zoloft

paxil

the DSM-IV a. defines diagnostic criteria for mental disorders b. is not helpful in characterizing dependence issues c. does not address behavioral syndromes d. is an outdated catalog of illicit substances

defines diagnostic criteria for mental disorders

mental illness implies a. organic dysfunction b. inorganic dysfunction c. inappropriate behavior and thinking d. physical and psychocomatic problems

inappropriate behavior and thinking

a person who has a psychiatric problem and a drug problem might be given a a. bipolar diagnosis b. dual diagnosis c. psychosomatic diagnosis d. none of the above

dual diagnosis

a significant and potentially serious side effect of MAOI's is a. liver cancer b. low blood pressure c. high blood pressure d. seizures

low blood pressure

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was used to treat a. anxiety b. neurosis c. polio d. depression and psychosis

depression and psychosis

MAOI's work better with patients whose depression a. is hereditary b. is chronic and has occurred over a two year period c. becomes less acute as the day progresses d. becomes more acute as the day progresses

becomes more acute as the day progresses

the use of _____ was stopped after the death of 54 people a. miltown b. benzedrine c. dexedrine d. iproniazid

iproniazid

who said that the concept of mental illness is a myth a. freud b. szasz c. brothers d. peck

szasz

the most common form of depression is a. tripolar b. bipolar c. unipolar d. always accompanied by manic states

unipolar

LSD originated from a a. root b. fungus c. leaf d. dust

fungus

"Penny Universities" were establishments that primarily served a. alcohol b. opium c. coffee d. bromides

coffee

bipolar affective disorder was formerly called a. a highly-curable mental illness b. a mental illness that is difficult to cure c. manic depression d. a unipolar affective disorder

manic disorder

which psychoactive plant was prescribed by the Chinese for gout, malaria, gas pains, absent-mindedness, and rheumatism a. marijuana b. coca leaves c. coffee beans d. datura

marjiuana

aqua vitae refers to a. distillation b. fermentation c. water of life d. wine

water of life

humans were believed to have first sampled tobacco around a. 400-500 BC b. 100-400 AD c. 600-900 AD d. 1000-1200 AD

600-900 AD

a _________ veteran established the first British cigarette factory a. crimean war b. revolutionary war c. WWI d. WWII

crimean war

W.B. O'Shaughnessy in 1839 wrote that a tincture of hemp was an effective analgesic and _____ a. muscle relaxant b. solvent c. textile d. food

muscle relaxant

the greek historian herodotus noted that marijuana had the dual properties of producing intoxication and _____ a. unconsciousness b. hallucinations c. blood shot eyes d. cloth

cloth

which of the following drugs is also called "God's flesh?" a. LSD b. jamestown weed c. tobacco d. psilocybin

psilocybin

the British defeated the Chinese in the Opium War because a. the Chinese were under the influence of opium while fighting b. the british stopped selling arms to China c. China taxed opium too much and the people revolted d. the British had superior naval strength

the British had superior naval strength

peyote contains a. LSD b. ergot c. psilocybin d. mescaline

mescaline

some speculate that girls and women condemned as witches in Salem, Massachusetts, were displaying symptoms similar to a. tobacco intoxication b. caffeinism c. ergotism d. barbiturate poisoning

ergotism

which event included farmers refusing to pay tax and tarring and feathering revenue officers a. whiskey rebellion b. boston tea party c. tax revolt d. temperance movement

whiskey rebellion

laudanum was a drug containing primarily a. cocaine b. opium c. marijuana d. caffeine

opium

the intentional and inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, emotional, financial, social, or intellectual consequences is termed a. drug use b. drug abuse c. drug dependence d. drug misuse=

drug abuse

John Rolfe was sent to ______ to develop a tobacco industry a. New York b. North Carolina c. Virgina d. Georgia

Virgina

Robert Louis Stevenson allegedly wrote Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde while under the influence of a. bromides b. paraldehyde c. cocaine d. barbital

cocaine

amphetamines were first synthesized in a. asia b. mexico c. brazil d. germany

germany

substances that alter mood, thought processes, or that are used to manage neuropsychological illnesses or behavior are referred to as a. ergogenic aids b. anabolic aids c. psychoactive drugs d. designer drugs

psychoactive drugs

According to ASAM addiction is a primary, chronic _______________ of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry. Select one: a. disease b. condition c. diagnosis d. psychological condition

desease

Which of the following groups developed the process of distillation? Select one: a. Romans b. Egyptians c. Greeks d. French

egyptians

One of the trade names for meprobamate is Select one: a. Valium b. Xanax c. Librium d. Miltown

miltown

The unintentional or inappropriate use of prescribed or over-the-counter drugs is referred to as Select one: a. drug use b. drug dependence c. drug abuse d. drug misuse

drug misuse

A group of men who, while under the influence of hashish, allegedly terrorized and killed people were referred to as Select one: a. laudanum legions b. suicide soldiers c. sinsemilla legion d. hashishiyya

hashishiyya

The Roman physician Galen described how marijuana seeds were eaten to simulate appetite and Select one: a. induce hallucinations b. cure headaches c. grow hair d. induce a sense of warmth

induce a sense of warmth

The Arabic word alkuhl means Select one: a. alcohol b. essence c. distillation d. fermentation

essence

Which state was the first to ban alcohol? Select one: a. Massachusetts b. Virginia c. Maine d. New York

Maine

Use of ether dates back to the late Select one: a. 1500s b. 1600s c. 1700s d. 1800s

1700s

the relationship or interaction between drugs and living organisms is referred to as a. physiology b. pharmacology c. homeostasis d. neurohormonal balance

pharmacology

Homeostasis is maintained by the a. hypothalamus b. midbrain c. pons d. medulla

hypothalamus

the user's psychological make-up, personality, mood, and expectations when using drugs is referred to as a. set b. setting c. habihuation d. dominance

set

In order for an electrical message to be sent from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another neuron, it must transverse a space called the a. myelin sheath b. synapse c. neuron gap d. neurilemma

synapse

The smallest amount of a drug to produce an effect is referred to as the a. effective dose b. threshold dose c. safety dose d. marginal dose

threshold dose

Alcohol and aspirin can be harmful to the gastrointestinal system because the combination can cause a. diarrhea b. constipation c. excessive internal bleeding d. hemorrhoids

excessive internal bleeding

Before ACH can be inactivated, _______ must be present. a. vitamins b. opium c. cholinesterase d. citrus juice

cholinesterase

A reduction of ACH receptors in the brain has been linked to what disease? a. Alzheimer's disease b. Multiple sclerosis c. Muscular dystrophy d. Epilepsy

alzheimer's disease

It is questionable whether _________ are truly neurotransmitters since they appear to modulate the activity of neurotransmitters. a. peptides b. acetylcholine c. serotonin d. catecholamines

peptides

The neurological disorder Huntington's chorea has been linked to what neurotransmitter? a. Serotonin b. Acetylcholine c. Epinephrine d. Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

The medulla and pons are part of the a. periventricular system b. reticular activating system c. cerebral cortex d. brain stem

brain stem

When an individual learns to adjust to the presence of a drug, what type of tolerance does that person exhibit? a. Pharmacological b. Behavioral c. Reverse d. Cross

behavioral

The endocrine is controlled by the a. hypothalamus b. pons c. medulla d. limbic system

hypothalamus

Drugs that cause damage to the fetus are called a. carcinogenic b. teratogenic c. psychogenic d. somatogenic

teratogenic

The peripheral nervous system consists of the a. ventral and dorsal systems b. autonomic and somatic systems c. distal and medial systems d. sensory and muscular systems

autonomic and somatic systems

To synthesize serotonin, high levels of what amino acid is needed? a. Tryptophan b. Peptides c. Acetic acid d. Acetaminophen

tryptophan

Drugs that negate the effect of other drugs are a. synergistic drugs b. antagonistic drugs c. anti-elixir drugs d. interactive drugs

antagonistic drugs

The amount of a drug needed to produce a specific response is the a. threshold dose b. safety dose c. marginal dose d. effective dose

effective dose

When a user feels the desired effects from lesser amounts of the drug, it is referred to as what type of tolerance? a. Pharmacological b. Behavioral c. Reverse d. Cross

reverse

Why is drug action more prolonged in infants and the elderly? a. the drugs are absorbed quicker b. these groups have less neurons c. these groups are less able to metabolize and excrete drugs d. these groups produce more neurotransmitters

these groups are less able to metabolize and excrete drugs

Which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in regulating sensory perception, eating, pain, sleep, and body temperature? a. Acetylcholine b. Epinephrine c. Norepinephrine d. Serotonin

serotonin

Noradrenaline is also called a. epinephrine b. serotonin c. norepinephrine d. dopamine

norepinephrine

Which of the following neurotransmitters is released into the blood-stream during times of stress? a. Norepinephrine b. Serotonin c. Dopamine d. Epinephrine

epinephrine

_______allow nerve impulses to be transmitted to the cell body. a. Axons b. Cell bodies c. Myelin sheaths d. Dendrites

dendrites

Tolerance for alcohol lessens as people a. grow b. think c. feel d. age

age

When tolerance to one drug results in tolerance to another drug, it is referred to as what type of tolerance? a. Pharmacological b. Behavioral c. Reverse d. Cross

cross

The __________ system serves as the emotional center of the brain. a. reticular activating b. limbic c. autonomic d. peripheral

limbic

Which of the following neurotransmitters acts as an excitatory transmitter in the skeletal muscles, but functions as an inhibitory transmitter in the heart muscle? a. Norepinephrine b. Epinephrine c. Acetylcholine d. Serotonin

acetylcholine

Regulating vital functions is a function of the a. periventricular system b. basal ganglia c. brain stem d. reticular activating system

brain stem

Epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all examples of a. hormonal modulators b. catecholamines c. neurotransmitters found only in the autonomic nervous system d. neurotransmitters not secreted into the synapse

catecholamines

Which of the following terms refers to a drug's ability to produce an effect relative to other drugs? a. Purity b. Potency c. Potentiated d. Synergism

potency

Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to play a significant role in emotional, mental, and motor functions? a. Serotonin b. Dopamine c. Epinephrine d. Acetylcholine

dopamine

Epinephrine is also known as a. acetyl salicylic acid b. acetaminophen c. adrenaline d. noradrenalin

adrenaline

The part of the brain distinguishing humans from other mammals is the a. brainstem b. cerebellum c. cerebral cortex d. medulla

cerebral cortex

When the body adjusts or compensates to the presence of a particular drug, the process is referred to as a. behavioral tolerance b. cross tolerance c. pharmacological tolerance d. reverse tolerance

pharmacological tolerance

A nerve cell is referred to as a a. glial cell b. dendrite c. neuron d. neurilemma

neuron

Social drinkers a. still have a high rate of medical problems associated with alcohol use b. almost always progress to heavy drinking c. are able to abstain from alcohol at will d. have high rates of alcoholism

are able to abstain from alcohol at will

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are branches of what larger system? a. Periventricular system b. Somatic nervous system c. Autonomic nervous system d. Reticular activating system

Autonomic nervous system

When yeast, sugar, and water are transferred into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide, it is termed a. distillation b. fermentation c. cognition d. titration

fermentation

Continued drinking despite recurring social, interpersonal, and legal problems is referred to as a. alcohol abuse b. alcohol dependence c. alcohol addiction d. alcohol misuse

alcohol abuse

When a drinker encounters interpersonal, financial, or social problems from drinking, they are said to be a. a heavy drinker b. an alcoholic c. a problem drinker d. none of the above

a problem drinker

Moderate drinking for men is no more than ___ drinks per day. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

When alcohol affects the cerebrum, which of the following is affected? a. Motor coordination b. Vital functions c. Digestion d. Reasoning

reasoning

As the cost of alcohol increases, a. drinkers switch to beer b. drinkers switch to wine c. consumption levels decrease d. there is no effect on consumption

comsumption levels decrease

The more ______ a person becomes, the more he or she follows the drinking patterns of the adopted population. a. depressed b. social c. educated d. acculturated

acculturated

E. M. Jellinek's ideas regarding alcoholism have been dismissed because a. his sample was adolescent drinkers b. binge drinking was common when he conducted his study c. of so much polydrug use d. most alcoholics do not follow a consistent pattern

most alcoholics do not follow a consistent pattern

The process involving boiling a solution containing alcohol, collecting the vapor, and turning it back into a liquid is called a. fermentation b. distillation c. cognition d. proof

distillation

Which type of alcohol is contained in alcoholic beverages? a. Methyl alcohol b. Ethyl alcohol c. Methanol d. None of the above

ethyl alcohol

Which type of alcohol is contained in alcoholic beverages? a. Methyl alcohol b. Ethyl alcohol c. Methanol d. None of the above

cirrhosis

Rates of abstinence and heavy drinking are greater in a. urban areas b. rural areas c. inner city areas d. suburbs

rural areas

Most people today who drink alcohol are a. binge drinkers b. moderately-heavy drinkers c. social drinkers d. heavy drinkers

social drinkers

"Blackout in a can" is an expression used to describe a. caffeinated alcohol b. beverages with high alcohol content c. foreign beers d. fortified wines sold in cans

caffeinated alcohol

The alcohol content of beer is generally a. 2% b. 3% c. 5% d. 10%

The national BAC standard for drunk driving has focused on what level? a. 0.05 b. 0.06 c. 0.07 d. 0.08

0.08

Cancer and alcohol may be related to a. alcohol content in beverages b. the brewing or distillation method c. the congeners in the beverage d. the pattern of drinking

the congeners in the beverage

A person with this disorder is able to remember events or facts learned early in life, but unable to recall recent events. This disorder is called a. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome b. delirium tremens c. cardiomyopathy d. paresis

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Which of the following people was most influential in beginning the temperance movement? a. Carrie Nation b. Sigmund Freud c. Benjamin Rush d. Calvin Coolidge

benjamin rush

When alcohol is used in religious ceremonies, a. heavy drinking is minimal b. heavy drinking is more common c. binge drinking is more common d. drunkenness is more common

heavy drinking is minimal

A potentially fatal alcohol withdrawal symptom masked by delusion, confusion, and disorientation is a. extreme arousal b. delirium tremens (DTs) c. cognitive symptoms d. hallucinations

delirium tremens (DTs)

Development of alcoholic pancreatitis occurs, typically, after how many years of heavy drinking? a. 1-3 b. 3-5 c. 6-8 d. 10-15

10-15

Which of the following is not a criteria by the NIAAA in defining fetal alcohol syndrome? a. Growth retardation b. Brain damage c. Maternal drinking after delivery d. A characteristic pattern of facial deformities

maternal drinking after delivery

It is speculated that the Puritans landed at Plymouth Rock because a. they got lost because they were drunk b. their supply of beer and spirits ran out c. they had a problem with alcoholics on board d. they needed to find medical help because of alcohol-related problems

their supply of beer and spirits ran out

Moderate drinking for women is no more than ___ drinks per day. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

The Puritans considered alcohol a. a "good creature from God" b. spirits "of the devil" c. the "nectar of the gods" d. the "tears of angels"

a "good creature from God"

________ is predicated as the presence or absence of withdrawal symptoms. a. Alcohol abuse b. Alcohol dependence c. Alcohol addiction d. Alcohol misuse

alcohol dependence

What did Yankee traders trade for slaves in Africa? a. Stills b. Methyl alcohol c. Demon rum d. Beer

demon rum

The act to prohibit alcohol was known as the a. Humphrey-Durham Amendment b. Volstead Act c. Kefauver-Harris Amendment d. Drug Abuse Act

volstead act

The amount of alcohol in distilled spirits is generally indicated by the a. distillation procedures b. fermentation procedures c. proof d. stamp on the bottom of the bottle or can

proof

The alcohol content of wine generally ranges from a. 2-4% b. 3-5% c. 6-8% d. 8-14%

8-14%

During which trimester is the fetus most susceptible to the detrimental effects of alcohol on its development? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Risk is equal during all stages of development

first

Alcohol accounts for what percentage of deaths in the U.S. each year? a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 40%

10%

Wood alcohol is also called a. ethyl alcohol b. ethanol c. methyl alcohol d. none of the above

methyl alcohol

the temperance movement remained strong until a. the Civil War b. the Spanish-American War c. World War II d. the Great Depression

the civil war

Both drug dependency and drug addiction connote a compulsive need to use a drug and a. less structure to life b. inability to cease its use c. unemployment d. being less spiritual

inability to cease its use

An ingrained habit that undermines your health, your work, your relationships, and your self-respect, but you feel you cannot change is a. habituation b. dependence c. tolerance d. addiction

addiction

Cigarette advertisements were prohibited from television in a. 1965 b. 1967 c. 1969 d. 1971

1971

Curiosity about drugs can lead to a. dependence b. experimentation c. reinforcement d. addiction

experimentation

There are no side effects to the use of human growth hormone. As a result, it is becoming a popularly used drug among athletes. -True -False

false

even though withdrawal symptoms may be psychological, they are quite real to the person experiencing them. -True -False

true

Ingesting and injecting several steroids at the same time is referred to as a. stacking b. a speed run c. a steroid rush d. ergogenic euphoria

stacking

Dependency is a term used only when pertaining to drugs. -True -False

false

Rebelliousness is a major reason for some people taking drugs. -True -False

true

Immediacy is a root cause in people using drugs. -True -False

true

An obvious reason for drug use is pleasure. -True -False

true

What type of reinforcers reduce physiological needs or are inherently pleasurable? a. Primary b. Primary prime c. Secondary d. Tertiary

primary

What year did the International Olympic Committee begin to require athletes to submit to a drug test or face disqualification? a. 1960 b. 1964 c. 1968 d. 1972

1968

Euphoria is an example of a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. frequency of use d. terms of the environment in which the drug is consumed

positive reinforcement

Drugs taken to alleviate discomfort may provide a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. primary reinforcement d. secondary reinforcement

regative reinforcement

Curiosity about drugs is mainly the fault of the schools. -True -False

false

An OTC substance that has gained in popularity is the amino acid a. creatine monohydrate b. herbal ecstasy c. adenosine phosphate d. ascorbic acid

creatine monohydrate

Young people choose to associate with others who share the same interests. -True -False

true

European, American, and Chinese adolescents were found to be more affected by peers in their drug use than __________ adolescents. a. Hispanic b. Asian c. American Indian d. Black

black

__________ is a new synthetic steroid that athletes are taking to improve athletic performance. a. THG b. THC c. THL d. THB

THG

Substances used to gain a competitive advantage are termed a. enhancer chemicals b. steroids c. ergogenic aids d. autogenic drugs

ergogenic aids

John Belushi died in 1982 from injecting a mixture of cocaine and heroin called a a. bolus b. speedball c. blunt d. stack

speedball

There is little evidence that music plays a role in whether or not drugs will be used. -True -False

false

"Roid rage" refers to a. physical problems resulting from steroid use b. violence resulting from steroid use c. depression resulting from steroid use d. mania resulting from steroid use

mania resulting from steriod use

the desire and expectation that things should be handled rapidly is termed a. attempting to cope b. coping syndrome c. escape d. immediacy

immediacy

What type of reinforcers do not provide immediate pleasure? a. Primary b. Primary prime c. Secondary d. Tertiary

secondary

Caffeine can improve endurance by masking symptoms of fatigue. -True -False

true

The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed substituting the word ______in place of addiction. a. dependence b. habituation c. abuse d. none of the above

dependence

The most frequently mentioned cause of impotence in middle-aged men is excessive use of __________. a. cigarettes b. stimulants c. alcohol d. marijuana

alcohol

Approximately what percentage of enlisted men used heroin in Vietnam? a. 25% b. 30% c. 35% d. 40%

35%

Starting in adolescence, the influence of peers begins to exert a relatively greater role than the family as a. prime reinforcers b. positive reinforcers c. socializing agents d. secondary reinforcers

socialzing agents

Injecting and ingesting several steroids at a time is called stacking. -True -False

true

Physical dependency is marked by a. a perceived need for the drug b. an unstructured life c. withdrawal symptoms d. habituation

withdrawal symptoms

in the 1920s, cigarette advertisements specifically targeted a. women b. men c. children d. minorities

women

The effect of alcohol advertisements on people is easy to measure. -True -False

false

The desire for drugs, reasons for drug use, and needs fulfilled by drugs are constantly changing as society changes -True -False

true

Television and radio advertisements for cigarettes are prohibited by the FCC. -True -False

true

The only documented negative effect of anabolic steroid use is a reduced sperm count. -True -False

false

What is the OTC muscle builder receiving much publicity because of athlete Mark Maguire? a. Androstenedione b. Ephedrine c. PPA d. Dextromethorphan

androstenedione

Alcohol increases aerobic capacity. -True -False

false

When relief or avoidance of pain is achieved by certain behaviors, then one's desire to repeat those behaviors is motivated out of positive reinforcement. -True -False

false

Drugs are normally not used to fill a void in one's life. -True -False

false

Theories of drug addiction that deal primarily with genetics and metabolic imbalance are termed a. interactive theories b. evolutional theories c. biological theories d. molecular theories

biological theories

Drug advertisements generally convey the message that a. drug use is dangerous b. drugs are used only by adults c. drug use is fun d. drug use is the norm

drug use is the norm

At the time of the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act, 46 states already had laws against marijuana. -True -False

true

The legislation prohibiting opium smoking in opium dens or houses may have been strongly influenced by a. high addiction rates b. racism c. taxes d. the alcohol producer's lobby

racism

Prohibition was the major purpose of the Harrison Act. -True -False

false

The need to limit opiate usage in the United States resulted in the passage of the a. Pure Food and Drugs Act b. Humphrey-Durham Amendment c. Harrison Act of 19l4 d. Kefauver-Harris Amendments

Harrison Act of 1914

Which of the following legislations first provided the FDA the authority to withdraw a drug from the marketplace? a. Kefauver-Harris Amendments b. 1938 Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act c. Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 d. none of the above

Kafauver-Harris Amendments

A Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse was established as a part of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. -True -False

true

Thalidomide was the first drug to be officially approved by the FDA. -True -False

false

Which of the following drug categories include drugs that are determined to be safe, effective, and properly labeled? a. Category I b. Category II c. Category III d. Category IV

Category I

Interdiction is difficult because of so many points of entry. -True -False

true

Which of the following was undertaken by the National Research Council to evaluate effectiveness, safety, and claims made about OTC drugs? a. Drug Efficacy Study b. OTC Survey Study c. Bristol-Meyers Study d. Controlled Substances Act

drug efficacy study

The first substance in America subject to regulation was a. cocaine b. opium c. marijuana d. alcohol

alcohol

If drug interdiction is successful and the supply of a given drug is reduced, a. it winds up being the same as legalization b. then more funds should be allocated for interdiction c. other drugs fill the void d. the cost of all drugs goes down

other drugs fill the void

Which of the following was a response to excise tax? a. The Whiskey Rebellion b. The Marijuana Tax Act c. The temperance movement d. The Humphrey-Durham Amendment

the whiskey rebellion

According to the drug schedules, cocaine has no medical use. -True -False

false

Which of the following drugs caused stronger regulations to arise regarding drug testing? a. Opium b. Antibiotics c. Thalidomide d. Marijuana

thalidomide

A major flaw of the Model Drug Paraphernalia Act was that a. there were already drug paraphernalia laws b. drug paraphernalia was already illegal c. many household products could be construed as paraphernalia d. drug paraphernalia was not a big problem

many household products could be constrused as paraphernalia

The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 resulted in the creation of a. drug schedules b. drug categories c. drug nomenclature d. drug identification charts

drug schedules

The Dutch government believes that the illegality of some drugs cause more of an increase in harm (disease, violence) than prosecution for drug offenses. -True -False

true

Cocaine is an example of a schedule _______ drug. a. I b. II c. III d. IV

A drug with no medical use would be a schedule ___ drug. a. I b. II c. III d. IV

A common source of new HIV/AIDS infections is a. use of Rohypnol b. intravenous drug use c. use of Ecstasy d. use of GHB

intravenous drug use

When the Federal Court passed the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937, a. marijuana was legal in only 7 states b. marijuana was legal only in the District of Columbia c. 46 of the 48 states already had laws against marijuana d. marijuana was only taxed at bulk rate

46 of the 48 states already had laws against marijuana

Which of the following allowed the government to enter the drug marketplace? a. Harrison Act of 19l4 b. Pure Food and Drugs Act of 1906 c. Humphrey-Durham Amendment d. Controlled Substances Act

pure food and drugs act of 1906

Interdiction is especially difficult because of a. profit related to drug production b. the gray market c. international waters d. multiple points of entry

multiple points of entry

The era between 1890 and 1906 is described as the "golden age of patent medicines." -True -False

true

Herbert Kleber maintains that the main danger of the legalization of drugs would be that lower cost and availability would a. decrease drug use b. lead to more drug use and dependency c. increase the need for education d. increase the need for drug testing

lead to more drug use and dependency

Before World War II, all drugs except narcotics could be purchased over-the-counter. -True -False

true

Before World War II, all drugs except narcotics could be purchased over-the-counter. -True -False

true

High drug prices due to drug laws may generate criminal activity. -True -False

true

Under the Dutch government's policy of "normalization," it is not illegal a. to use some drugs b. use any drugs c. distribute drugs d. purchase drugs

to use some drugs

Opium poppies were legally grown in the United States until the 1940s -True -False

true

George Washington was responsible for ending the Whiskey Rebellion. -True -False

true

The result, in part, of Benjamin Rush's writings in the 1700s was a. the Whiskey Rebellion b. the temperance movement c. the Marijuana Tax Act d. the first Pure Food and Drug Act

the temperance movement

Focusing on reducing the personal and social adverse effects emanating from drug use is to require a. decriminalization b. interdiction c. harm reduction d. detoxification

harm reduction

The era between 1890 and 1906 has been referred to as a. the opium years b. the drug legislation years c. the golden age of patent medicines d. the dawn of prescription drugs

the golden age of patent medicines

The stimulus to the passage of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 were deaths associated with a. cocaine b. elixir sulfanilamide c. aspirin d. acetaminophen

elixir sulfanilamide

Asking college students who complete FAFSA about drug convictions is due to a provision of what act or amendment? a. Anti-Drug Abuse Act b. Kefauver-Harris Amendments c. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 d. Controlled Substances Act

anti-drug abuse act

Tobacco industry documents dating back to the _______ describe the addictive potential of nicotine. A. 1940s B. 1950s C. 1960s D. 1970s

1960s

Memory, attention, and reasoning ability decline _____ after the last cigarette. A. 1 hour B. 2 hours C. 3 hours D. 4 hours

4 hours

Babies born to mothers who smoke during pregnancy generally A. Have developmental problems B. Are addicted to nicotine C. Weigh less D. Have brain damage

weigh less

Cigarettes from India that come in colors and have an increased concentration of nicotine are called A. Charts B. Bidis C. Ghanga D. Nicorette

bidis

Most smokers and those who chew tobacco ________________. A. Have lower levels of nicotine in their blood B. Build tolerance rapidly C. Experience reverse tolerance D. Can achieve toxic level quickly

build tolerance rapidly

Smokeless tobacco consists of chewing tobacco and A. Bidis B. Snuff C. Pipe tobacco D. Cigars

snuff

The likelihood of nicotine dependence increases if one feels _____________ the first time a cigarette is inhaled. A. Stimulated B. Relaxed C. More alert D. Lightheaded

relaxed

During the expansion westward, tobacco was consumed mainly in what form? A. Cigarettes B. Pipes C. Cigars D. Chewing tobacco

chewing tobacco

The strongest symptom of nicotine withdrawal is A. Headache B. Craving C. Fatigue D. Hunger

craving

it takes an average of how many years after one begins smoking to become a regular smoker? A. 2 to 3 B. 4 to 5 C. 6 to 7 D. 8 to 9

2 to 3

What is the chemical in clove cigarettes that makes inhalation easier and anesthetizes the throat? A. Bidis B. Eugenol C. Toluene D. Nitrous oxide

eugenol

Most of the carcinogens found in tobacco are mainly found in A. Nicotine B. Tar C. Carbon monoxide D. Clove

tar

Cigarette smoke contains which substance that interferes with the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood? A. Tar B. Carbon monoxide C. Carbon dioxide D. Hydrogen cyanide

carbon monoxide

Of all smokers, apparently what percentage began as teenagers? A. 50% B. 60% C. 70% D. 80%

80%

The nicotine level in one dip of snuff equals that in ______ cigarettes A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

Nicotine is used as A. An anti-anxiety drug B. An antidepressant C. A tranquilizer D. An insecticide

an insecticide

Nicotine ______________ cognitive performance A. Decreases B. Has no effect on C. Improves D. Impairs

improves

Smoking-related strokes are related to A. The adhesion of platelets facilitated by carbon monoxide and nicotine B. Aneurysms due to tar buildup C. Nicotine causing the smaller blood vessels in the brain to burst D. Nicotine weakening the muscle layer in the smaller blood vessels

the adhesion of platelets facilitated by carbon monoxide and nicotine

Nicotine patches contain how much nicotine A. 30 mg B. 60 mg C. 90 mg D. 120 mg

30 mg

The symptoms of nicotine withdrawal A. Take a long time to develop B. Are proportional to nicotine intake C. Are strictly psychological D. Can be fatal

are proportional to nicotine intake

A lethal dose of nicotine is considered A. 20 mg B. 40 mg C. 60 mg D. 80 mg

60 mg

The first tobacco products to be marketed to women were A. Cigars B. Pipe tobacco C. Cigarettes D. Snuff

cigarettes

One factor that has been shown to decrease demand for cigarettes is A. An increase in cigarette cost B. A higher concentration of nicotine in cigarettes C. The popularity of filtered cigarettes D. The popularity of pipes

an increase in cigarette cost

The American Psychiatric Association recognized nicotine dependency as a disorder in A. 1982 B. 1985 C. 1988 D. 1991

1988

The most common type of cancer among smokers is A. Bladder cancer B. Pancreatic cancer C. Lung cancer D. Brain cancer

lung cancer

smoking was carried into Eastern Europe as a result of A. The Thirty Years' War B. Alexander the Great C. Napoleon D. The plague

the thirty year's war

Hair-like structures that rid the lungs of foreign matter are called A. Cilia B. Alveoli C. Bronchi D. Villi

cilia

Currently, approximately what percentage of men smoke? A. 16% B. 23% C. 36% D. 46%

23%

Smoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette is precisely termed A. Sidestream smoke B. Mainstream smoke C. Secondhand smoke D. Passive smoke

sidestream smoke

What year was legislation passed requiring the tobacco industry to pay over $206 billion in liability? A. 1993 B. 1994 C. 1995 D. 1998

1998

What percentage of new smokers initiate smoking prior to age 18? A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 70%

60%

Smoking rates in industrialized countries A. Are increasing B. Are decreasing C. Have not changed D. Are not known

are decreasing

Nicotine releases the neurotransmitter A. Dopamine B. Serotonin C. GABA D. Norepinephrine

norepinephrine

In the late 1800s, saccharine was put into tobacco to sweeten it and to A. Make is look brown B. Make it smell better C. Give it a longer shelf life D. Make it healthier to consume

give it a longer shelf life

Currently, approximately what percentage of women smoke? A. 12% B. 18% C. 32% D. 42%

18%

In the 1800s, the abundant supply and use of opium was associated with A. Germans B. Native Americans C. Chinese D. Canadians

Chinese

Which of the following pain killers is referred to as "hillbilly heroin?" A. Codeine B. Fentanyl C. Methadone D. OxyContin

OxyContin

Testing every soldier in Vietnam for heroin use was called A. The heroin experiment B. Viet-Thai Checkpoint C. Operation Opium D. Operation Golden Flow

operation golden flow

Heroin was synthesized from A. Marijuana B. Meperidine C. Methadone D. Morphine

morphine

The first country to implement an NEP was A. United States B. Italy C. England D. Netherlands

netherlands

Drugs that block the reinforcing effects of narcotics are called A. Neurotransmitters B. Narcotic analgesics C. Narcotic antagonists D. Narcotic synergistics

narcotic antagonists

Detoxification typically takes how many days? A. 1-2 B. 10-14 C. 16-21 D. 22-28

10-14

Demerol is A. More potent than morphine B. Less potent than morphine C. The same in potency as morphine D. Not comparable to morphine because it is a stimulant

less potent than morphine

The active ingredients in cough remedies are termed A. Antitussives B. Suppressives C. Antiemetic D. Surfactants

antitussives

Opiates are A. Stimulants B. Narcotics C. Hallucinogens D. Only synthetic

narcotics

Narcotics _______________ peristaltic contractions. A. Speed up B. Slow down C. Maintain continuous D. Have no effect on

slow down

After withdrawal, the desire for narcotics can persist for A. Days B. Months C. Weeks D. Years

years

The effects of morphine are about how many times more potent than the effects of opium? A. 4 times B. 6 times C. 8 times D. 10 times

10 times

Morphine's actions last approximately how many hours? A. 1-2 B. 3-4 C. 4-5 D. 6-8

4-5

Naltrexone is an example of A. A prescription form of heroin B. A narcotic analgesic C. A narcotic antagonist D. A form of methadone

a narcotic antagonist

The reason that heroin is more powerful than morphine is because heroin is A. Lipid-soluble B. Fat-insoluble C. Protein-bound D. Lipid-insoluble

lipid-soluable

Dragon is structurally related to A. Fentanyl B. Methadone C. Heroin D. Morphine

methadone

Originally heroin was promoted as a A. Estrogen replacement B. Sleeping medication C. Cure for morphine addiction D. Cure for obesity

cure for morphine addiction

What type of "pain" are narcotics most effective in relieving? A. Sharp pain B. No descriptive pain C. Continuous dull pain D. Intermediate pain

continuous dull pain

NEP stands for A. Need expressed publicly B. Needle-exchange program C. Narcotic expedited programs D. Narcotic extracurricular programs

needle-exchange programs

Clonidine is a drug used to A. Eliminate heroin withdrawal symptoms B. Be a substitute for heroin C. Heal liver problems from heroin D. Reverse cardiac arrest from heroin overdose

eliminate heroin withdrawl symptoms

Fentanyl is known colloquially as A. Heroin B. Horse C. China white D. Ecstasy

china white

People who die quickly from an overdose of heroin are likely to die from A. Toxicity B. Anaphylactic shock C. A lethal dose D. Reverse tolerance

anaphylactic shock

"Women's tonics" contained A. Cocaine B. Thebaine C. Ergot D. Laudanum

laudanum

Dextromethorphan is used in place of in medications A. Morphine B. Codeine C. Methadone D. Thebaine

codeine

Heroin users who take the drug only on occasion are known as A. Social users B. Chippers C. Kickers D. Tokers

chippers

What is the title of the novel that describes how narcotics make people feel less sociable? A. Man With the Golden Arm B. Junky C. Midnight Express D. Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

junky

Approximately what percentage of narcotic abusers becomes dependent? A. 20% B. 30% C. 40% D. 50%

50%

Disulfiram interferes with the metabolism of alcohol and increases the level of ______in the blood. a. carbon dioxide b. water c. acetic acid d. acetaldehyde

acetaldehyde

Naltrexone may be most helpful after Select one: a. one year of sobriety b. identification of a sound support group c. incarceration d. detoxification

detoxification

The FDA approved naltrexone as an adjunct treatment to prevent Select one: a. relapse b. toxicity c. reverse tolerance d. delirium tremens

relapse

Acamprosate is a drug primarily used to treat Select one: a. alcoholism b. cocaine addiction c. heroin addiction d. inhalant abuse

alcoholism

Secular Organizations for Sobriety and Rational Recovery systems would most likely be used by Select one: a. professionals b. very religious people c. medical personnel who have drug problems d. atheists

atheists

For nonviolent drug offenders whose underlying problem is substance use, drug treatment courts combine the power of the judicial system with what component? Select one: a. Effective treatment services b. Constant supervision c. Incarceration d. Denial of driver's license

effective treatment services

Moderation management is an example of Select one: a. NA b. detoxification c. AA d. controlled drinking model

controlled drinking

The U.S. Public Health Service hospital-based approach to drug treatment was said to be ineffective because of the Select one: a. location of the hospitals b. lack of personnel c. high relapse rate of people released d. lack of funding

high relapse rate of people released

The 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous focus mainly on which dimension of health? Select one: a. mental b. emotional c. spiritual d. physical

spiritual

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an example of Select one: a. an outpatient facility b. an inpatient facility c. a self-help group d. a therapeutic community

a self-help group

Research shows that a major benefit of drug courts is that Select one: a. more people are rearrested and convicted b. fewer people are rearrested and convicted c. less police are needed to oversee illegal drug distribution d. less treatment facilities are needed

fewer people are rearrested and convicted

Most people in drug treatment are Select one: a. age 20-45 white males b. age 20-45 white females c. age 40-65 white males d. age 40-65 white females

age 20-45 white males

The most common form of community drug abuse treatment is done Select one: a. inpatient b. outpatient c. in therapeutic communities d. through spontaneous remission

outpatient

Hospital-based drug treatment programs are referred to as Select one: a. outpatient programs b. therapeutic communities c. self-help programs d. inpatient programs

inpatient programs

Acamprosate is generally administered Select one: a. once a day b. twice a day c. several times a day d. every other day

several times a day

Recruiting and retaining staff in treatment programs is difficult because Select one: a. of intense demands b. most are addicts themselves c. most reject authority d. all of the above

of intense demands

LAAM is a long-acting Select one: a. morphine b. codeine c. methadone d. heroin

methadone

To help individuals overcome their dependency on opiates, Freud experimented on his patients with ________. Select one: a. codeine b. cocaine c. amphetamines d. LSD

cocaine

Drug-free residential settings where drug abusers reside for a year or two are called Select one: a. therapeutic communities b. detox centers c. half-way houses d. inpatient facilities

therapeutic communities

Therapeutic communities stress Select one: a. psychoanalysis b. psychotherapeutic drugs c. social drinking d. encounter groups

encounter groups

Disulfiram is better known as Select one: a. Antabuse b. naltrexone c. Valium d. Librium

antabuse

When drug treatment was initiated in the United States, the focus was mainly on Select one: a. cocaine b. opiates c. alcohol d. amphetamines

opiates

Methadone maintenance is effective for the treatment of ________addiction only. Select one: a. morphine b. codeine c. heroin d. LAAM

heroin

When alcoholics are taught to drink moderately, the approach is referred to as Select one: a. the social drinking model b. the moderate drinking model c. the controlled drinking model d. the rational approach model

the controlled drinking model

A medically-supervised program designed to gradually withdraw addicts from the drug on which they are physically dependent is termed Select one: a. abstinence b. detoxification c. a therapeutic community approach d. rehabilitation

detoxification

According to CASA, parents who take a "hands-off" approach to parenting have children who are how many times more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs? Select one: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Teens who eat dinner with their families at least ___ times a week have significantly lower rates of drug use than teens who have dinner ___ or fewer times a week. Select one: a. 2; 1 b. 3; 2 c. 4; 1 d. 5; 3

5;3

The ability to overcome obstacles such as resisting drug use is referred to as Select one: a. self-esteem b. self-actualization c. resiliency d. maturity

resiliency

A major limitation to drug prevention programs is that most have not Select one: a. been implemented by professionals b. established clear goals c. been evaluated d. been developed according to proper standards

established clear goals

Studies of DARE's effectiveness Select one: a. show DARE to be highly effective b. show DARE to be effective only for high school students c. show DARE to be an exemplary drug education program d. have not been shown to work

have not been shown to work

In 1974, Robert DuPont reported that most students and teachers felt that drug education should be Select one: a. abolished b. taught only by health educators c. taught by nurses d. taught by medical doctors

abolished

According to NIAAA, parents can have a major impact on their children's drinking especially during what times in the child's life? Select one: a. Late teen years b. Toddler stage c. Preteen and early teen years d. Middle teen years

preteen and early teen years

Drug education focusing on the underlying values contributing to drug use is termed Select one: a. values clarification b. resiliency education c. distributive education d. health beliefs

values clarification

in the 1970s, the thrust of drug education was Select one: a. development of refusal skills b. development of positive attitudes c. disseminating information d. development of sound behaviors

disseminating information

Drug treatment would be an example of Select one: a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. primary care

tertiary prevention

Drug-taking behavior learned through modeling and reinforcement is the premise of Select one: a. skills training b. DARE c. LST d. Project ALERT

skills training

School performance improves and high risk behaviors are reduced particularly with what type of education? Select one: a. Cognitive b. Affective c. Experiential d. Values clarification

experiential

Reaching people prior to their use of alcohol, tobacco, or other drugs is Select one: a. primary prevention b. secondary prevention c. tertiary prevention d. quandary prevention

primary prevention

Several studies note that older siblings have a ____________ influence on the drug use of younger siblings than parents have. Select one: a. lesser b. greater c. significant d. negligible

greater

Secondary prevention is geared toward Select one: a. education b. school children c. those who use drugs or have some experience with drugs d. those in detox programs

those who use drugs or have some experience with drugs

The main message of Schools Without Drugs is Select one: a. change drug attitudes among youth b. change values among youth c. abstinence d. emphasize health beliefs

abstinence

Which of the following is grounded in social learning theory? Select one: a. DARE b. SCHEP c. Project Northland d. LST

LST

The national agency that oversees national drug prevention is Select one: a. SAMHSA b. NIDA c. CSAP d. NIAAA

SAMHSA

Which of the following is NOT considered a problem with drug education? Select one: a. Teachers keep abreast of new information. b. Students may be more knowledgeable about drugs than the teacher. c. Teachers may be judgmental or moralistic. d. Teachers tend to promote drug use.

teachers tend to promote drug use

A blending of the senses is referred to as Select one: a. psychedelic b. synesthesia c. hallucinogenic d. formication

synesthesia

Amanita muscaria is also called Select one: a. God's flesh b. the businessman's LSD c. fly agaric d. St. Anthony's fire

fly agaric

Bad trips seem to be related to Select one: a. the amount of LSD consumed b. set and setting c. other drugs in the system d. the source of the LSD

set and setting

Because hallucinogens have "stimulating and inebriating properties," Lewin refers to them as Select one: a. psychedelics b. psychotogenic c. psychotomimetic d. phantasticants

phantasticants

DMT is referred to as Select one: a. the businessman's LSD b. the hippy elixir c. the men's room d. the women's drug

the businessman's LSD

Ketamine is considered a Select one: a. stimulant b. dissociative anesthetic c. hallucinogen d. anxiolytic

dissociative anesthetic

LSD became popular because of which man? Select one: a. Hoffman b. Freud c. Leary d. Schultes

leary

LSD tolerance Select one: a. develops rapidly b. develops slowly c. does not develop d. has not been determined

develops rapidly

LSD was discovered by using ergot to discover a cure for Select one: a. menstrual problems b. headaches c. opiate poisoning d. tuberculosis

headaches

LSD was discovered by Select one: a. Leary b. Hoffman c. Alpert d. Schultes

hoffman

Nutmeg and mace are not taken for hallucinogenic purposes because Select one: a. of unpleasant side effects b. they are not hallucinogenic agents c. they have to be injected d. they are illegal

of unpleasant side effects

Preparation of mescal buttons is difficult to do because Select one: a. of their small size b. of their intoxicating effect c. of their volatile nature d. of their foul odor

of their foul odor

Psilocybin is chemically similar to Select one: a. LSD b. amphetamines c. caffeine d. PCP

LSD

Some drug experts describe PCP as a Select one: a. mild sedative b. dissociative anesthetic c. profound tranquilizer d. cerebral stimulant

dissociative anesthetic

St. Anthony's fire is associated with Select one: a. psilocybin b. mescaline c. ergotism d. atropine

ergotism

Teonanacatl is Select one: a. "God's flesh" b. "friends folly" c. "mother's bread" d. "father's help"

"God's flesh"

The behavioral effects of LSD last approximately how long? Select one: a. 1-2 hours b. 2-4 hours c. 4-6 hours d. 6-8 hours

6-8 hours

Which drug is made from mandrake? Select one: a. DMT b. Scopolamine c. Nitroglycerin d. Beta blockers

scopolamine

Which hallucinogen is found in peyote? Select one: a. Psilocybin b. Mace c. Mescaline d. Datura

mescaline

Which neurotransmitter does LSD principally operate on? Select one: a. Dopamine b. Serotonin c. Acetylcholine d. Norepinephrine

serotonin

Which of the following drugs would most likely be used as a substitute for PCP? Select one: a. Ketamine b. Peyote c. DMT d. MDMA

ketamine

which of the following hallucinogens are referred to as "love apples?" Select one: a. Peyote b. Belladonna c. Datura d. Mandrake

belladonna

Which plant is also known as locoweed? Select one: a. Mandrake b. Peyote c. Datura d. Teonanacatl

datura

Which toad is licked to get a hallucinogenic effect? Select one: a. Bull toad b. Horned toad c. Bufo toad d. Swamp toad

bufo toad

Heroin is linked to criminal behavior, but NOT Select one: a. violent behavior b. family problems c. community problems d. financial problems

violent bahavior

_______ is a synthetic derivative of morphine Select one: a. MDMA b. Ecstasy c. Meperidine d. MDA

meperidine

Which type of toxicity alludes to the danger from a single experimentation with the drug? Select one: a. Chronic b. Acute c. Physiological d. Intensified

acute

Data regarding drug use has been collected periodically from U.S. households since what year? Select one: a. 1951 b. 1961 c. 1971 d. 1981

1971

The most important distinction between drug users and non-users is the extent of Select one: a. their response to family problems b. their responses to peer pressure c. use of legal substances d. conventionality

conventionality

A report from the Brooking Institute suggested that the debate over how to address the drug problem is based on Select one: a. the strength of the military b. the strength of the police force c. speculation, not on fact d. the amount of money available to address the problem

speculation, not on fact

which of the following refers to the toxicity danger resulting from repeated use of a drug a. Acute b. Intensified c. Physiological d. Chronic

chronic

The drug involved with the most violent incidents is Select one: a. heroin b. amphetamines c. alcohol d. LSD

alcohol

What type of drug use refers to the user's lifestyle revolving around drugs? Select one: a. Intensified b. Compulsive c. Social-recreational d. Circumstantial-situational

compulsive

According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the highest rate of binge drinking and the highest rate of heavy drinking were in which age group? Select one: a. 18-21 b. 18-25 c. 21-30 d. 25-35

18-25

biphetamine is also known as Select one: a. the love drug b. the date rape drug c. herbal ecstasy d. black widow

black widow

Most Americans view drug testing as Select one: a. degrading and dehumanizing b. important and valuable c. a necessary procedure d. illegal

degrading and dehumanizing

What type of toxicity refers to a drug's interference in one's ability to function? Select one: a. Acute b. Chronic c. Physiological d. Behavioral

behavioral

taking a drug on a short-term basis to contend with immediate distress or pressure describes what type of drug use? Select one: a. Intensified b. Circumstantial-situational c. Social-recreational d. Experimental

circumstantial-situational

Family interventions into adolescent alcohol use reduce the initiation and __________ of alcohol use. Select one: a. cost b. frequency c. amount d. duration

frequency

Cathinone is another name for Select one: a. bath salts b. Ecstasy c. cannabinoids d. fentanyl

bath salts

The data in DAWN reports reflects Select one: a. chronic overdoses b. acute drug-related problems c. only alcohol-related problems d. only those needed to be hospitalized

acute drug-related problems

Most surveys showed that less than _______ of workers used alcohol or other drugs on the job. Select one: a. 3% b. 5% c. 7% d. 10%

10%

The Office of National Drug Control Policy places the health and social cost of drug use at ____________ annually. Select one: a. $121 billion b. $141 billion c. $161 billion d. $193 billion

$193 billion

Tactics for stopping the flow of drugs into the United States have proved Select one: a. effective b. ineffective c. cost effective d. positive

ineffective

A pattern of taking drugs in a social environment to share pleasurable experiences among friends describes what type of drug use? Select one: a. Experimental b. Intensified c. Social-recreational d. Circumstantial-situational

social-recreational

Which of the following is a fast and inexpensive test used in a drug screening? Select one: a. Gas chromatography b. Immunoassay c. Thin-layer chromatography d. None of the above

immunoassay

Drug abuse by Americans aged 60 years and older has been referred to as Select one: a. geriatric psychotropic effect b. gerontology syndrome c. pharmaceutical pandemic d. invisible epidemic

invisible epidemic

Nearly __________ Americans die each year from the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs. Select one: a. 500,000 b. 1 million c. 1.5 million d. 2 million

500,000

Political leaders from Central America have pledged to intercede in the drug trade, but the security forces in many of these countries are hampered by Select one: a. lack of funds b. lack of access to good weapons c. internal corruption d. lack of technology

internal corruption

It is estimated that employee drug abuse costs the workplace Select one: a. $15 billion b. $25.6 billion c. $27.9 billion d. $30 billion

$25.6 billion

Which of the following is a designer drug? Select one: a. Heroin b. MDMA c. Wine coolers d. Crack

MDMA

When a person tests negative for a drug even though that drug is present in the body, it is termed Select one: a. negative outlier b. false negative c. false positive d. inaccurate

false negative

When a person uses drugs on a steady, long-term basis to achieve relief from a persistent problem, what kind of use is this? Select one: a. Intensified b. Compulsive c. Circumstantial-situational d. Social-recreational

intensified

When a person tests positive for a drug even though there was no drug present in the body, it is termed Select one: a. inaccurate b. false negative c. false positive d. positive outlier

false positive

The federal government monitors the rate of emergency room visits and fatal overdoses due to drugs through a network called Select one: a. FBIN b. DEA c. DAWN d. ATF

DAWN

The difference between a safe and dangerous level of a drug is termed Select one: a. therapeutic index b. margin of safety c. therapeutic safety coefficient d. safety coefficient

margin of safety

preventing drugs from entering the United States or reducing the amount of drugs grown in the country is Select one: a. hampered by a lack of technology b. a matter of demand, not supply c. largely a military effort d. best done by local police

a matter of demand, not supply

More than _____________ people are in American jails on any given day for violating drug law. Select one: a. 500,000 b. 1,000,000 c. 1,500,000 d. 2,000,000

500,000

synthetic substances chemically similar to existing drugs are referred to as Select one: a. look-alike drugs b. sound-alike drugs c. designer drugs d. quasi-synthetic drugs

designer drugs

Individuals who use drugs infrequently and due to curiosity are what type of user? Select one: a. Social-recreational b. Circumstantial-situational c. Experimental d. Intensified

experimental

Which term refers to a drug being poisonous? Select one: a. Addiction b. Dependence c. Habituation d. Toxic

toxic

"Ice" is also called Select one: a. Bital b. crystal meth c. Ritalin d. all of the above

crystal meth

Recruiting and retaining staff in treatment programs is difficult because Select one: a. of intense demands b. most are addicts themselves c. most reject authority d. all of the above

of intense depands

Which of the following is banned by the FDA? Select one: a. Ephedrine b. PPIs c. Xanthine d. Creatine

ephedrine

The prescribed version of Alli is Select one: a. Xenical b. PPA c. Fen-Fen d. Tagamet

xenical

The prescribed version of Alli is Select one: a. Xenical b. PPA c. Fen-Fen d. Tagamet

category 1

Acetaminophen is a by-product of Select one: a. acetylsalicylic acid b. willow bark c. ibuprofen d. phenacetin

phenacetin

Robo-tripping is the inappropriate use of Select one: a. dextromethorphan b. hydrocitric acid c. thebaine d. codeine

dextromethorphan

The primary ingredient in an OTC sleep aid is Select one: a. antihistamine b. antitussives c. antiemetics d. alcohol

antihistamine

Two antitussive drugs are codeine and Select one: a. pseudoephedrine b. dextromethorphan c. expectorant d. thebaine

dextromethorphan

Signs of acetaminophen overdose may not appear for up to how many hours after the overdose? Select one: a. 6 hours b. 12 hours c. 24 hours d. 48 hours

48 hours

Two advantages of using acetaminophen over aspirin is less stomach irritation and Select one: a. a better analgesic effect b. that it does not prolong bleeding time c. a better antipyretic effect d. a better anti-inflammatory effect

that it does not prolong bleeding time

rebound effect

To make a cough productive, one would take a Select one: a. antitussive b. expectorant c. astringent d. surfactant

expectorant

Alli works by Select one: a. blocking absorption of fat b. burning fat c. stimulating metabolism d. increasing stomach acid

blocking absorption of fat

Another term for a fever-reducing drug is Select one: a. antihistamine b. antipyretic c. antitussive d. antiemetic

antipyretic

The topical anesthetic in chewing gums used as weight control products is Select one: a. benzocaine b. xylocaine c. lidocaine d. midocaine

benzocaine

Antitussives stop Select one: a. bleeding b. coughing c. vomiting d. diarrhea

coughing

Salts of aluminum can bring about Select one: a. constipation b. dysentery c. muscle pain d. diarrhea

diarrhea

The FDA approved PPA as a supplement for weight reduction for up to __ weeks Select one: a. 3 b. 6 c. 9 d. 12

Naproxen sodium is most similar to what drug? Select one: a. Acetaminophen b. Aspirin c. Ibuprofen d. Phenacetin

ibuprofen

Ibuprofen is less likely to cause stomach upset than aspirin, but Select one: a. does prolong bleeding time b. results in iron deficiency anemia c. has no antipyretic effect d. has no anti-inflammatory effect

does prolong bleeding time

It was not until the passage of what legislation did nonprescription drugs have to be proven safe and effective? Select one: a. Pure Food and Drug ACt of 1906 b. Kefauver-Harris Amendment c. Anti-Drug Abust Control Amendments d. Harrison Act of 1914

kefauver-harris amendment

OTC stimulants contain which primary ingredient Select one: a. alcohol b. phenacetin c. caffeine d. amphetamine

caffeine

Salts of magnesium in antacids could result in which side effect? Select one: a. Diarrhea b. Headaches c. Constipation d. Ringing in the ears

constipation

Ben-Gay and Absorbine are examples of what type of analgesic? Select one: a. External b. Exogenous c. Endogenous d. Internal

external

Pseudoephedrine is an example of a Select one: a. antitussive b. antiemetic c. expectorant d. decongestant

decongestant

If a drug cannot be sold, and if the drug manufacturer contests the FDA decision, it is in which category? Select one: a. Category I b. Category II c. Category III d. Category IV

category III

There is no regulation of herbal drugs because the FDA does not oversee what type of product? Select one: a. Food supplements b. OTC products c. Generally recognized as safe products d. Generally recognized as effective products

food supplements

Pain-relieving drugs are referred to as Select one: a. antitussives b. antiemetics c. antihistamines d. analgesics

analgesics

Aspirin inhibits the synthesis and release of what hormone-like chemical? Select one: a. Histamine b. Mucous c. Acetylcholine d. Prostaglandins

prostaglandins

drugs not generally recognized as safe or improperly labeled are in which category? Select one: a. Category I b. Category II c. Category III d. Category IV

category II

Theophylline is often used to treat a. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b. asthma c. depression d. cocaine dependence

asthma

The peak phase of a cocaine high happens ________ after snorting cocaine. Select one: a. 10-20 minutes b. 20-25 minutes c. 30-40 minutes d. 40-60 minutes

10-20 minutes

the third phase of abstinence from cocaine dependency usually lasts from a period of months up to Select one: a. no more than 1 year b. no more than 2 years c. no more than 3 years d. several years

several years

Crack cocaine use emerged in the ________. Select one: a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

1980's

Which of the following is a drug that includes cocaine and is used to manage cancer pain? Select one: a. Vin Mariani b. Brompton's cocktail c. lidocaine d. novocaine

brompton's cocktail

The first phase of abstinence from cocaine dependency usually lasts from 9 hours to Select one: a. 12 hours b. 1 day c. 3 days d. 4 days

4 days

Caffeine is classified as a type of Select one: a. amphetamine b. theophylline c. theobromine d. xanthine

xanthine

who referred to cocaine as the "third scourge of humanity?" Select one: a. Freud b. Szasz c. Reagan d. Bush

freud

Approximately what percentage of full-time college students use Adderall for nonmedical purposes? Select one: a. 6% b. 8% c. 10% d. 12%

Ritalin is the most prescribed drug for Select one: a. depression b. opiate detoxification c. ADHD d. smoking cessation

ADHD

Methamphetamines are popularly known as Select one: a. speed b. amphet c. ice d. crank

speed

Vin Mariani was a Select one: a. Columbian dictator who promoted the cocaine trade b. chewable form of cocaine c. Bordeaux wine with cocaine added d. city in Peru where coca leaves grow in abundance

bordeaux wine with cocaine added

Theobromine is found in higher concentrations in Select one: a. coffee b. chocolate c. tea d. cocaine

chocolate

The world's most frequently consumed stimulant is Select one: a. theophylline b. theobromine c. Ritalin d. caffeine

caffeine

The second phase of abstinence from cocaine dependency can last up to Select one: a. 1 week b. 5 weeks c. 10 weeks d. 20 weeks

10 weeks

When amphetamines were first developed, they were used primarily to treat Select one: a. asthma b. depression c. alcohol addiction d. heroin addiction

asthma

Approximately ______of coffee users experience withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue use. Select one: a. 25% b. 33% c. 50% d. 75%

25%

Which of the following was partly responsible for the rise of cocaine use in the 1970s? Select one: a. The popularity of crack b. The decline in the popularity of amphetamines c. The decline in the popularity of heroin d. The discovery of more coca bushes

the decline in the popularity of amphetamines

Dependency on caffeine is called Select one: a. caffeinism b. caffeine abuse c. xanthine dependence d. caffeine consumption deficit

caffeinism

A controversial drug given to cocaine addicts in treatment is Select one: a. Valium b. methadone c. ibogaine d. ibuprofen

ibogaine

"Ice" is also called Select one: a. Bital b. crystal meth c. Ritalin d. all of the above

crystal meth

FDA guidelines suggest that a safe level of caffeine in beverages is how many milligrams per 12 ounces? Select one: a. 62 mg b. 72 mg c. 82 mg d. 92 mg

72 mg

Per capita, Ritalin use in France and Italy is what fraction of the use in the United States? Select one: a. 1/10 b. 1/20 c. 1/30 d. 1/40

1/20

Extreme caffeine intake is associated with Select one: a. hyperglycemia b. hypoglycemia c. type 1 diabetes d. type 2 diabetes

hypoglycemia

A speedball is a mixture of cocaine and Select one: a. heroin b. amphetamines c. crack d. alcohol

heroin

The term used to describe when cocaine is treated with an alkaloid to separate it from its hydrochloride salt is Select one: a. coca paste b. coca elixir c. freebase d. transdermal

freebase

Free-basing cocaine started in the Select one: a. mid 1940s b. mid 1950s c. mid 1960s d. mid 1970s

mid 1960s

Charas is the name used in India for Select one: a. marijuana b. hash oil c. hashish d. THC

hashish

Which of the following carcinogens is 70% greater in marijuana smoke than cigarette smoke? Select one: a. Tar b. Benzene c. Benzopyrene d. Nitrates

benzopyrene

the lethal dose of marijuana Select one: a. is smoking five joints within one hour b. is smoking seven joints within one hour c. is smoking nine joints within one hour d. has not been established

has not been established

Amotivational syndrome is more likely to develop among Select one: a. children b. adolescents c. young adults d. middle-aged adults

adolescents

Inability to concentrate and lacking ambition describes Select one: a. cerebral aneurysm b. impairment of long-term memory c. impairment of short-term memory d. amotivational syndrome

a motivational syndrome

A ________ is a type of cigar in which some tobacco is removed and replaced with marijuana. Select one: a. ghanta b. bhang c. Thai stick d. blunt

blunt

Evidence of reverse tolerance in marijuana users Select one: a. is highly correlational b. does not exist c. is low d. is well documented

does not exist

What type of marijuana is derived from the unfertilized cannabis plant? Select one: a. Ganja b. Bhang c. Sinsemilla d. Charas

sinsemilla

What percentage range is there of THC in the marijuana smoked typically in the United States? Select one: a. < 1% b. 2-5% c. 7-9% d. > 10%

2-5%

A prescription form of THC is called Select one: a. Prozac b. Ativan c. Marinol d. Xanax

marinol

One major criteria to determine motivation is Select one: a. length of the school day b. attitude toward teachers c. length of classes d. grade point average

grade point average

Marijuana was used in WWII for Select one: a. chemical warfare b. hemp c. fighting malaria d. inducing sleep among nervous recruits

hemp

Which form of cannabis is mainly found in Northern Europe and parts of Asia? Select one: a. Ruderalis b. Sativa c. Indica d. Sinsemilla

ruderalis

Chemicals unique to cannabis are called Select one: a. cannabinoids b. toxoids c. THC metabolites d. THC catalysts

cannabinoids

What marijuana product is made by separating resin from the plant by boiling the plant products in alcohol? Select one: a. Hashish b. Hash oil c. Marinol d. THC resin

hash oil

Which organization promotes legalization of marijuana? Select one: a. THCO b. NORML c. ATHCA d. AMA

NORML

Marijuana _____ heart rate. Select one: a. decreases b. increases c. has no effect on d. has a synergistic effect on

increased

Hash oil THC content has been found to exceed as much as Select one: a. 30% THC b. 40% THC c. 50% THC d. 60% THC

60% THC

The most intensive or peak effect of marijuana is felt in about Select one: a. 10 minutes b. 20 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 40 minutes

30 minutes

If dependency to THC develops, it is more likely to be motivated by Select one: a. physical dependence b. behavioral tolerance c. psychosocial factors d. reverse tolerance

psychosocial factors

If marijuana is ingested, the effects of the THC Select one: a. last a shorter amount of time b. last a longer amount of time c. is not affected d. is the same as smoking marijuana

last a longer amount of time

Marijuana ____ testosterone levels. Select one: a. decreases b. increases c. has no effect on d. has a synergistic effect on

decreases

Which form of cannabis is used to make rope? Select one: a. Indica b. Ruderalis c. Sativa d. Sinsemilla

sativa

The lower leaves, stem, and seeds of the cannabis plant of poor quality are termed Select one: a. ganja b. hashish c. sinsemilla d. bhang

bhang

The psychoactive agent in marijuana is Select one: a. psilocybin b. paraquat c. carbon monoxide d. THC

THC

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