Final study Flashcards
(37 cards)
article 1 of constitution?
enumerates powers of legislative branch, gives powers of congress to congress
article II of constitution?
enumerates the powers of the president, making president leader of FOPO
does the constitution state a clear cut leader in foreign policy
“invitation to strugle”
no, there is no direct separation of powers but instead a sharing of power and this leads to “invitation to struggle”
who has the supreme court tended to say rules FOPO
the potus
implied consent:
doctrine that held that congress had to try to stop the action before resorting to the courts was apropriate, way courts get out of answering political questions
executive privlage:
right of the executive branch to withhold information from the legislative branch and the public, courts have consistently restricted this privlage
congress is a formidable player in fopo because they have direct and indirect ways, as well as legislative and non-legislative avenues of influence: name them
legislative direct: Issue specific legislation, treaties, war powers, appropriations, Foriegn commerce
Legislative indirect: Nonbinding legislation, apointments, procedural legeslation
Non-legislative direct: advice, consultations, oversight, courts
non-legislative indirect: framing opinion, forigen contracts
anticipated reactions:
use of threats by congress legislative action to bring proposals into what they want them to be
who predominates in inter-branch politics in foreign policy?
neither the president or congress, it is a fluid system and neither can always take charge
what has been the patern of congressional assertiveness since the end of Vietnam war>?
progressively more assertive over time, but variance
Post vietnam congressional resurgence:
reflected change in political enviornment
-since vietnam war all presidents have faced an increasingly powerfull and less complacent congress
membership in congress post vietnam
less southern democrats, more normal dems
polarizing of parties
committees after cold war
more of them gained jurisdiction over policy issues
-less power to large committies
voice votes:
and what replaced them- Roll call votes:
voice votes: option to vote as a group and remain unacountable
Roll call votes: each member must take an independent stand on issue
what are some reasons for the continued congresional resergence after cold war?
- less threat to US
- more partisanship on FOPO
- divided gov
- economic preasures
2 dimensions that characterize congressional FOPO behavior
- congress can be more or less active
2. congress can be more or less assertive
Four models of congressional FOPO behavior :
competitive congress, disengaged congress, supportive congress, strategic congress
competitive congress
great activity and asertivness, challenges president often
disengaged congress
low assertiveness and activity, goes with what the president wants
supportive congress:
lots of activity, but not much assertiveness, cooperates with the president and lots of consensus
strategic congress
low activity but very assertive, challenges president on selective battles
pendulum effect:
sometimes the president can overcome congress, it depends on the level of threat assessed
war powers:
president use force always a dividing factor of government , growing ability for congress to participate in war powers, but its still mostly symbolic
congressional oversight:
ensure that president implements politics in accordance with intent of legislation
