Final study guide Flashcards
1
Q
what tool is used to measure length
A
ruler
2
Q
what tool is used to measure mass
A
triple beam balance
3
Q
what tool is used to measure volume
A
graduated cylinder
4
Q
what units are used to measure length
A
meter
5
Q
what units are used to measure mass
A
liter
6
Q
what units are used to measure volume
A
gram
7
Q
what tool is used to measure temperature
A
thermometer
8
Q
bottom of a microscope
A
base
9
Q
where you look in a microscope
A
eye peice
10
Q
what is used to adjust the zoom in on a microscope
A
objective lenses
11
Q
what is used to adjust the focus of the microscope
A
fine/coarse nobs
12
Q
where is the object being observed placed on a microscope
A
stage
13
Q
where do you hold a microscope
A
arm/base
14
Q
how do you calculate total magnifcation
A
eye piece x objective = total magnification
15
Q
1st step of the scientific method
A
state the problem
16
Q
2nd step of the scientific method
A
form hypothesis
17
Q
3rd step of the scientific method
A
test hypothesis
18
Q
4th step of the scientific method
A
analyze data
19
Q
last step of the scientific method
A
draw conclusion
20
Q
biology
A
study of life
21
Q
botany
A
study of plants
22
Q
zoology
A
study of animals
23
Q
nutrition
A
process of obtaining nessisary materials to survive
24
Q
ingestion
A
process of taking in
25
excretion
process of removing waste
26
digestion
process of breaking down food for energy, fat, etc
27
circulation
moving materials throughout the body
28
irritability
the ability to detect the environment and respond
29
locomotion
movement of place to place
30
synthesis
to make/build
31
example of stimulus and response
touching a hot plate and pulling away
32
reproduction
the ability to produce offspring
33
metabolism
all chemical activities
34
homeostasis
balance, keeping everything in order/the same
35
what is a cell
basic unit of life, building blocks to all living things
36
what does the nucleus do
directs all activities, contains DNA, nucleolus, boss
37
cell membrane
allows certain materials in and out of the cell
38
cytoplasm
cell liquid, protects cell
39
chloroplast
light changed into chemical energy (photosynthesis)
40
mitochondrion
sugars broken down by oxygen, energy is released
41
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
42
endoplasmic reticulum
(conveyor belt) transports materials inside the cell
43
golgi bodies
stacks of membrane covered sacs that package and move proteins out of the cell
44
what are the top 4 elements found in living things
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen
45
what are the 4 organic compounds
carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
46
carbs
primary source of energy
47
lipids
store large amounts of energy (long term storage)
48
proteins
make up the structures of the body
49
nucleic acids
store info (genetic code) double helix model
50
what pairs with ATCGGT
TAGCCA
51
what osmosis
water molecules moving from high concentration to low concentration
52
diffusion
molecules moving from a high to low concentration of molecules
53
what does chon stand for
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
54
what is the equation for photosynthesis
6CO2+6H2O-->C6H12O6+6O2
55
whats the equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6+6O2-->6O2+H20
56
what is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration
aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen to break down glucose
57
what is mitosis
cell divison
58
what is the first phase of mitosis
interphase
59
what is the second phase of mitosis
prophase
60
what is the third phase of mitosis
metaphase
61
what is the fourth phase of mitosis
anaphase
62
what is the fifth phase of mitosis
telophase
63
what is the sixth phase of mitosis
cytokenisis
64
what is the watson and crick model
double helix DNA model
65
what type of cell undergoes mitosis
body cells
66
how many chromosomes are found in the cells produced in mitosis
46 chromosomes
67
what is cancer
a disease where cells cannot undergo mitosis
68
what is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction
sexual is with two parents and asexual is with one parent
69
what is fertilization
the process of which the egg and sperm fuse together
70
what are the two sex cells
sperm and egg
71
where are the sperm and egg produced
testes and ovaries
72
what is a zygote
fertilized egg cell
73
define haploid
single complete set of chromosomes
74
define diploid
two complete sets of chromosomes
75
what is a genes job
determines traits and has instructions for traits
76
heterozygous/hybrid
carries two different alleles (Bb)
77
Homozygous/purebred
carries two of the sames alleles (BB)
78
genotype
types of genes and orgainism has
79
phenotype
physical trait result from a genotype
80
who is the father of genetics
gregor mendel
81
what is a punnet square
examines genes that get passed down one at a time
82
what is a pedigree
a chart that shows traits within a family
83
where did charles darwin travel
galapagos islands
84
why was charles darwins trip so important
he discovered natural selection
85
what is the theory of natural selection
organisms that have the specialized traits will survive, pass down their traits, and while the the other traits in other organisms die off
86
what is an example of natural selection (peppered moths)
if a peppered moth lives in a light bark environment, the dark moths will die off and the light moths will thrive
87
what couldnt darwin explain
mutations/varitions (ransom changes in DNA)
88
what are vestigal structures
structures that are passed down from ancestors that were more important to our ancestors than us, useless to us
89
how do we determine the age of a fossil found in a sedimentary rock
the lower the fossil, the older the age
90
what does the skeletal system do
gives support and structure to the body, muscles attach, providing movement, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and stores calcium and phosphorus
91
what does the digestive system do
food is broken down into molecules small enough for cells to use it
92
what does the circulatory system do
blood and oxygen are spread through the body , uses veins and arteries
93
what does the respiratory system do
brings oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide
94
what does the excretory system do
removes wastes from body including water, carbon dioxide. salts, and urea
95
what does the nervous system do
CNS- all of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, PNS- all of the neurons outside the CNS, transports messages throughout the body
96
what does the reproductive system do
generates offspring
97
how do the skeletal and circulatory system work together
the skeletal system protects anything internal including the circulatory system ad produces new RBC's to be transported through the body
98
what is the orgainization of the human body, cells to systems
cells, tissue, organs, organ system, organism
99
where is blood produced
bone marrow
100
what is a hematocrit
a blood test that measures the amount of RBC's in your blood
101
what is the job of the small intestine
food is absorbed through the small finger (villi) nutrients is moved from the villi to the bloodstream, pancrease and live release enzymes that enter the small intestine, most digestion occurs here
102
what is the job of lungs
remove water and carbon dioxide when we exhale (alveolli)
103
what is the job of kidneys
filter water, salts, and urea from blood, fusion with circulatory
104
what are gametes
reproductive cells of a plant/animal
105
what are the females chromosomes
xx
106
what are the males chromosomes
xy
107
cerebrum
sensory info, motor control, associative functions
108
cerebellum
controls balance and coordination
109
medulla oblongota/brain stem
controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
110
spinal cord
relay station between brain and body
111
what does the CNS contain
brain+spinal cord
112
what does the PNS contain
everything else
113
what does a food chain show
the flow of energy between several organisms
114
how are orgainisms within a food web dependant on one another
organisms gain energy by feeding off of other organisms in the ecosystem
115
how does the energy pyramid represent biomass and energy
shows the available energy at different trophic levels, energy is stored as part of an organisms body
116
define taxonomy
a method used to identify organisms
117
118
what is the 1st level of the modern classifiaction system
kingdom
119
what is the 2nd level of the modern classification system
phylum
120
what is the 3rd level of the modern classififcation system
class
121
what is the 4th level of the modern classification system
order
122
what is the 5th level of the modern classification system
family
123
what is the 6th level of the modern classification system
genus
124
what is the 7th level of the moodern classification system
species
125
what are the kingdoms
animalia, plantae, fungi, protista, eubacteria, archbacteria
126
what is binomialnomenclature
2 name naming system, 1st name: genus, 2nd name: species
127
how do you use a dichotomous key
pick a side for each question based on the characteristics of the item
128
at is a dichotomous key
organizer used to identify organisms by traits
