Final Study Guide Flashcards
(44 cards)
Five theories of punishment
Deterrence; Retribution; Rehabilitation; Incapacitation; Restorative Justice
Deterrence
the goal is to prevent future crime by setting an example which theoretically prevents people from committing a crime; example: 3 strikes law, signs warning a fine; if you commit a crime, then this will happen so don’t to it; “crime does not pay”; swift, certain, not too severe
Retribution
punishment is thought to be deserved; the goal is to achieve fairness and justice; the punishment must match the crime; example: death penalty
Rehabilitation
the goal is to prevent future crime; individualized punishment; malleability of individuals; with appropriate interventions, they will refrain from reoffending; example: probation, 15 to life
Incapcitation
the goal is to prevent future crime; individuals are physically restrained form reoffending by incarceration or execution; gross incapacitation led to mass incarceration; selective is picking and choosing specific “dangerous” transgressing (serial) individuals; example: life without parole, mandatory minimums, 3 strikes law, death penalty
Restorative Justice
the goal is to restore justice and prevent future crime; crime is more than breaking the law; crime causes harm to the entire community and therefore it takes the entire community to restore harm; example: rj circles, family conferences
Total Institution
under authority in same place, constant immediate company of many others, tight schedule and formal rules, single overall rational plan to fulfill institution’s goals
Prison Jurisdictions
Federal Bureau of Prisons; State Department of Corrections (ex. CDCR); Private Prisons
Prison-Industrial Complex
marxist view of punishment: economic interests feed the penal system; private companies offer correctional services or run entire prisons for profit; private prison companies engage in political lobbying
Minimum-Security Prison
relaxed perimeter security, sometimes without fences or any other means of external security; possible to leave facility during the day; ex. Larch Correctional Facility in Washington State
Medium-Security Prison
single or double fencing, guarded tower, and sally-port entrance to control inmate movement; relatively free movement inside; ex. Deer Ridge Correctional Institution, Oregon
Maximum-Security Prison
restricted movement (often escorted); security perimeter with armed coverage; ex. Arizona State Prison Complex - Lewis
Supermax Facilities
security housing units (SHUs) / Admin Seg; solitary confinement; 23/7; not contact visitation; movement in shackles; ex. Pelican Bay State Prison
Initial Classification
in seperate classification/reception center (review of prisoner material, medical/mental health screening); external classification system (to determine level of security and control needed, custody type: min, med, max); internal classification setting (to determine cell/housing unit, to determine program and work assignments); reclassifications (in regular intervals, whenever update is needed)
Panopticon (Foucault)
philosophical idea of a prison in which there is one watch tower in the center with one person inside watching cells from all angles; found prison to be a place where people are constantly surveilled, disciplined, and inspected
Old Penology
emphasizes individual responsibility
New Penology
corrections has become more about management and risk calculation; this is because of mass incarceration, there wasn’t time to focus on each singular individual
Evidence-Based Practices
empirical studies are conducted to understand, explain, and predict outcomes of correctional interventions; practices should inform policy; to address the root causes of criminal behavior, targeted and focused programming is developed; requirements: testing and evaluation; common measurements: recidivism, risk reduction
Prisonization
slow/gradual process by which one learns and internalizes the customs and general culture of prison; results: loss of individuality, dependency on system; universal features of prisonization: acceptance of inferior role, development of new eating, sleeping, dressing, and working habits, adoption of new language, adoption of “informal convict (prison) code” - respect, prison hierarchy, racial organization
Prison Code
an informal code of conduct which all incarcerated individuals know and abide by
Racial Code
an informal code of conduct based on racialized values
Administrative-Control Model
(Dilulio, 1987); management styles influences prison subculture; lack of official governance leads to gangs filling up the power void; gangs do not step in when there is a high-structured official management style; lack of good leadership = violence; ex. CA’s Prop 57, Arizona’s phase program
Importation Model
(Irwin/Cressey, 1962); norms, language roles, and traditions are brought into the prison from the outside; looks at personality and life pre-incarceration; continue doing inside the prison as outside prison, gang-affiliated members continue inside prison as outside; violence is brought in; nature
Deprivation Model
(Sykes, 1958); prisoner’s responses to features of total institution explain subculture; pains of imprisonment: deprivation of liberty, goods and services, relationships, autonomy, and security; nurture
