Final Study Guide

Question 1

Molecules

Answer 1

can form from the covalent bonding of two or more atoms.

Question 2

The weakest chemical bonds are

Answer 2

van der Waals forces

Question 3

the feature of carbon important for producing a diversity of organic molecules is

Answer 3

carbon can form both polar and nonpolar covalent bonds with various elements

Question 4

carbphydrate assembly occurs by

Answer 4

a dehydration reaction between monosaccharides that form polysaccharides and disaccharides

Question 5

T/F Cellulose in the cell wall is a primary energy store for plants

Answer 5

True

Question 6

what structure easily distinguishes a plant cell from an animal or bacterial cell

Answer 6

chloroplast

Question 7

eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes, in-part because eukaryote cells

Answer 7

have a membrane bound nucleus

Question 8

during a period of low water availability, the prokaryotic structure that would protect a cell from desiccation (drying out) is the

Answer 8

glycocalyx

Question 9

Fabric able to withstand high levels of tension can be made from mimicking

Answer 9

intermediate filaments

Question 10

BLANK bind two or more ions or molecules and transport them in opposite directions across a membrane

Answer 10

Antiporters

Question 11

The plasma membrane Na/K-ATPase Pump

Answer 11

is used to generate sodium and potassium gradients across the membrane

Question 12

A certain biochemical reaction must be coupled to the hydrolysis of at least two ATP molecules (delta G = -14.0 kCal) in order to occur. What is a possible delta G for this biochemical reaction?

Answer 12

delta G= +8kCal

Question 13

What would you predict about the reaction Pi + ADP = ATP ?

Answer 13

It has a change in free energy that is greater than 0

Question 14

In a catabolic reaction, electrons from food are

Answer 14

removed by oxidation and stored in NADH

Question 15

The ATP mde during glycolysis is generated by

Answer 15

substrate-level phophorylation

Question 16

In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group is removed from the acetyl CoA and attached to oxaloacetate to form

Answer 16

citrate

Question 17

In a certain species, some citric acid cycle intermediates are used for other metabolic reactions. Which of the following adaptations would also be necessary for this species?

Answer 17

some oxaloacetate would need to be produced through an alternative pathway with acetyl CoA

Question 18

When acetyl-CoA containing radioactively labeled carbon atoms is fed to cells, the CO2 produced is not initially radioactive. However, molecules of citrate and oxaloacetate are radioactive. Only after some time has passed will radioactive CO2 be released. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Answer 18

Acetyl groups are not metabolized directly into CO2 but enter a cyclical metabolic pathway

Question 19

When Melvin Clavin and colleagues injected 14C labeled CO2 into cultures of green algae, what led them to conclude that rubisco adds CO2 to ribulose bisphosphate in the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 19

Radioactivity appeared last in ribulose bisphosphate

Question 20

Using 14CO2 as a radioactive tracer, which molecule would be the last to incorporate 14C within the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 20

Ribulose bisphosphate

Question 21

Which molecules are required for the Calvin cycle?

Answer 21

NADPH, Rubisco, CO2, ATP

Question 22

The primary advantage C4 plants have over C3 plants is that

Answer 22

C4 plants minimize photorespiration compared with C3 plants

Question 23

T/F Harnessing light and splitting water occurs in both photosystem I and II

Answer 23

False

Question 24

In the rxn (6CO2+12H2O=C6H12O6+…), carbon dioxide is being

Answer 24

reduced

Question 25

what will happen to the pH inside a thylakoid that is exposed to light?

Answer 25

It will decrease.

Question 26

In some cases, just a few hormone molecules binding to the surface of a cell cam trigger a very large response because

Answer 26

the signal is amplified by activation of enzymes that each catalyze multiple reactions

Question 27

After being fed glucose, a cell increases its intracellular glucose concentrations by

Answer 27

increasing membrane glucose transporters

Question 28

After estrogen binds to receptors, these estrogen receptors become activated

Answer 28

transcription factors

Question 29

The production of second messengers in signal transduction offers at least two advantages, speed, and

Answer 29

amplification

Question 30

Epinephrine blocks the contraction of muscles in the airways. Which of the other activities of epinephrine is most likely to be regulated by the same type of pathway?

Answer 30

inhibition of saliva production in salivary glands

Question 31

During exposure to elevated glucose, a yeast cell will increase its uptake of glucose. Describe the mechanism by which the yeast sense the extracellular glucose

Answer 31

by glucose binding to glucose receptors

Question 32

Which statement is true?

Answer 32

Radial loop domains are formed due to interactions between 30 nm fibers and the nuclear lamina.

Question 33

Which statement about DNA replication is incorrect?

Answer 33

It is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP

Question 34

Which scientist incorrectly matched with their discovery?

Answer 34

Griffith.........chromosomes

Question 35

If both synapsis and crossing over non-homologous chromosomes occurred, what would be the expected result?

Answer 35

a reciprocal translocation

Question 36

How are sister chromatids connected to each other?

Answer 36

through cohesion proteins

Question 37

T/F A cell undergoing meiosis that contains sister chromatids may be either haploid or diploid.

Answer 37

True