Final Study Guide

Question 0

Believed the world was made up of small invisible partics called atoms and empty space

Answer 0

Democritus

Question 1

Law of Multiple Proportions

Modern Atomic Theory

Answer 1

Dalton

Question 2

Using crooks tubes he discovered electrons

1) electrons are negatively charged
2) all electrons are identical

Answer 2

Thomas

Question 3

Discovered the mass of an electron
1/1840 the mass of a proton
Discovered the charge of an electron
Negative One

Answer 3

Millikan

Question 4

Did the Gold Foil Experiment and with the result of this experiment predicted the excistense of neutrons

Answer 4

Rutherford

Question 5

Atomi number

Answer 5

Number of protons. Identification number in table. The number of protons is unique to the element

Question 6

Mass number

Answer 6

Mass of the specific partial. Found by adding the protons and neutrons.

NOT ON TABLE

Question 7

Average Atomic Mass

Answer 7

Average mass of all the know isotopes. Found on table. This is used when 1) founding percent composition 2) changing from grams to moles and via versa

Question 8

Extensive

Answer 8

Depends on amount of matter present

Question 9

Intesive

Answer 9

DOES NOT depend amount of water

Question 10

Homogeneous

Answer 10

One phase

Question 11

Heterogeneous

Answer 11

More than one phase - salad dressing

Question 12

Solute

Answer 12

Substance being dissolved

Question 13

Solvent

Answer 13

Substance that does the dissolving

Question 14

Synthesis – Metallic oxides in water

Answer 14

Metallic oxide+H20–>metallic
hydroxide

imagine the metallic oxide taking th place of the first H in water (HOH) and the Os joining together

CaO + H2O –> Ca(OH)2

Question 15

Synthesis – Nonmetallic Oxides in water

Answer 15

Nonmatellic oxide + H2O –> Oxyacid

• THIS FORMS AN ACID SO THINK ABOUT HOW YOU NAME ACIDS *

** OXYGENS ADD TOGETHER **

SO3 + H2O –> H2SO4

Question 16

Decomp – Metallic Carbonates are heated

Answer 16

Metallic Carbonate –> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

• STARTS BIG – ENDS WITH SMALLER PRODUCTS*
• DECOMP – things breaking down – CARBONATE BREAKS DOWN AND LOSES ITS CARBON TO FORM THE METALLIC OXIDE. THE CARBON FORMS CARBON DIOXIDE *

CaCO3 –> CaO + CO2

Question 17

Decomp – Metallic Chlorates are heated

Answer 17

Metallic Chlorate –> metal chloride + Oxygen Gas

• CHLORATE LOSES AN OXYGEN TO FORM A METALLIC CHLORIDE. THE OXYGEN IS DIATOMIC BUT IT IS BY ITSELF *

KClO3 –> KCl + O2

Question 18

Single Replacement – Group 1&2 in water

Answer 18

Metal + H2O –> metallic hydroxide + hydrogen gas

• Metal switches with the first hydrogen in water (HOH) and the hydrogen bonds with itself *

Na + H2O –>NaOH + H2
Ca + H2O –>Ca(OH)2 + H2

Question 19

Indicators of a chemical change

Answer 19

Color change
Odor change
Heat/Energy change 
Participate formed
Gas produced

Question 20

SI Base Units

Length

Answer 20

Meter– m

Question 21

SI Base Units

Time

Answer 21

Seconds–sec

Question 22

SI Base Units

Mass

Answer 22

Kilogram–Kg

Question 23

SI Base Units

Thermodynamic Temperature

Answer 23

Kelvin–K

Question 24

SI Base Units | Amount of a Substance

Answer 24

Moles-- mol

Question 25

SI Base Units | Electric currents

Answer 25

Ampere-- A

Question 26

SI Prefixes | Kilo

Answer 26

1,000----- 1,000m=1 km

Question 27

SI Prefixes | Base unit

Answer 27

0-- base -- I meter

Question 28

SI Prefixes | Deci

Answer 28

1/10--- 10dm=1m

Question 29

SI Prefixes | Centi

Answer 29

1/100--100cm=1m

Question 30

SI Prefixes | Milli

Answer 30

1/1,000--1000mm=1m

Question 31

1 Liter is equivalent to...

Answer 31

1000ml=1dm3=1,000cm3

Question 32

Equation for density is

Answer 32

D=m/v

Question 33

Type 1 binary compounds

Answer 33

Elements we know the oxidation numbers for and a nonmetal. Ex Magnesium fluoride MgF2

Question 34

Type II Binary compounds

Answer 34

Metal with oxidation unknown forms with nonmetal ``` USE ROMAN NUMERALS I VI II VII III VIII IV IX V X ``` EX: FeCl2 Iron( II ) Chloride

Question 35

Type III Binary Compounds

Answer 35

Nonmetal forms with a nonmetal USE PREFIXES ``` 1 mono 6 hexa 2 di 7 hepta 3 tri 8 octa 4 tetra 9 nona 5 penta 10 deca ``` EX: N2O3 Dinitrogen Trioxide

Question 36

Polyatomic Ions that contain oxygen

Answer 36

``` CO3 2- Carbonate ClO3 1- Chlorate NO3 1- Nitrate PO4 3- Phosphate SO4 2- Sulfate ``` One more oxygen Per___ate Most common ___ate One less oxygen ___ite Two less oxygen Hypo___ite ``` Example Precarbonate Carbonate Carbonite Hypocarbonite ```

Question 37

Naming acids that DO NOT contain Oxygen

Answer 37

Acids that DO NOT contain oxygen Hydro+root of second element+ic+acid HF -- hydrofluoric acid

Question 38

Naming acids that do contain oxygen

Answer 38

Name of polyatomic ion root+ic/ous+acid *ate-ic* *ite-ous* Carbonic acid -- H2CO3 HClO4 -- prechloric acid

Question 39

Naming Hydrated Compounds

Answer 39

Use naming system + • prefix hydrate Copper (II) Sulfate •penta hydrate CuSO4 •5H2O

Question 40

Saturated compounds

Answer 40

C(number it is x 2) H(number of C + 2) ``` Methane Hexane Ethane Heptane Propane Octane Butane Nonane Pentane Decane ```

Question 41

Avagadros Law

Answer 41

Two gases of the same volume under the same pressure and temperature then they have the same number of molecules