final study guide

Question 1

Folk Linguistic views

Answer 1

Some languages are superior to others, varieties of language are superior to others

Question 2

Folk Linguistic belief

Answer 2

Proper grammar provides more clarity, assumption that other varieties are lacking order or regularity – stereotypes

Question 3

Consequences of Variation

Answer 3

inaccurate observations, allow someone to make a particular claim, these influences are influenced by stereotypes, attitudes or beliefs

Question 4

Stereotypes

Answer 4

Generalization to which one assigns a trait to someone, categorical, general statement

Question 5

empirical observations

Answer 5

accent

Question 6

Observation

Answer 6

a claim about some aspect of language

Question 7

Attribution

Answer 7

attempt to explain a given observation

Question 8

Folk Linguistic consequences

Answer 8

misrepresentation of language usage, stereotypes, word rage, and linguisitic shaming

Question 9

salient

Answer 9

obvious

Question 10

prescriptivism

Answer 10

characterized by a concern for “good,” “proper,” or “correct” usage///prescriptivism with how it should be used// rules of language that are learned by all users without explicit instruction

Question 11

descriptivism

Answer 11

presented through description of one language// with how it’s used

Question 12

highlighting

Answer 12

aka foregrounding / generalization, ridcule and shame

Question 13

erasure

Answer 13

aka backgrounding / generalization within the observed group, properties shared between groups.

Question 14

stereotyping

Answer 14

denies that there is variation

Question 15

internal

Answer 15

proper correct preset, best grammar

Question 16

external

Answer 16

educated, reference point, even for neutral linguists, an idealization or abstraction

Question 17

consequences of prescriptivism

Answer 17

confidence booster, marker of privilege

Question 18

folk linguistics awareness in regional variation

Answer 18

some items are more obvious ( salient) than others ex) pop/soda, includes claims about presence , extent, origins of a feature, these influences are influenced by stereotypes, attitudes and beliefs

Question 19

isogloss

Answer 19

geographic boundary that distinguishes word usage

Question 20

drawl

Answer 20

to prolong the sounds of speech / to speak slowly

Question 21

twang

Answer 21

differing from usual, regarded as standard

Question 22

Californian shift

Answer 22

musical chairs, vowels come and go

Question 23

shibboleth

Answer 23

belief distinguishing a particular class or group of people, especially a long-standing one regarded as outmoded or no longer important

Question 24

properties of slang

Answer 24

new meaning for existing words,

Question 25

final consonant deletion

Answer 25

ex) you is , I is

Question 26

Assertiveness training

Answer 26

coaching woman to change speech to be professional

Question 27

Asssimilation

Answer 27

language of 1 group is replaced with language of other

Question 28

Diglossia

Answer 28

dialects language , multiple varieties continue to be use

Question 29

Crede

Answer 29

Multiple (2+) languages are used in pidgin which than becomes a natively spoken creole

Question 30

lippi green on assimilation

Answer 30

- immigration moral panic is not new - difficulties in demographic data - consequences of lang oriented discrimination

Question 31

folk linguistics of Spanish

Answer 31

- threat to english - a drain on the economy - consequences of uncontrolled imagination

Question 32

Latino Language varieties

Answer 32

- spanish - chicano - spanish english codeswitching