Final Study Guide

Question 1

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 1

Standard anatomical position is a way of describing the anatomy of an organism so that it is easy to understand what part of the body is being talked about no matter what direction the organism is facing

Question 2

Upper extremity segments

Answer 2

Arm, Forearm, Hand

Question 3

Lower Extremity segments

Answer 3

Thigh, Leg, Foot

Question 4

The six types of synovial joints

Answer 4

Plane joint
hinge joint 
pivot joint 
condyloid joint 
saddle joint
ball and socket

Question 5

Movement, axis, degrees of freedom and example of a plane joint

Answer 5

Movement: Gliding
Axis: Nonaxial
Degrees of freedom: 2
Example: intercarpal

Question 6

Movement, axis, degrees of freedom and example of a hinge joint

Answer 6

Movement: flexion/extension
Axis: uniaxial
Degrees of freedom: 1
Example: Elbow or Knee

Question 7

Movement, axis, degrees of freedom and example of a pivot joint

Answer 7

Movement: supination/ pronation
Axis: uniaxial
Degrees of freedom: 1
Example: radialulnar joint

Question 8

Movement, axis, degrees of freedom and example of a condyloid

Answer 8

Movement: flexion/ extension, add/abduction
Axis: biaxial
Degrees of freedom: 2
Example:carporadialis joint

Question 9

Movement, axis, degrees of freedom and example of a saddle joint

Answer 9

Movement: Flexion/extension, add/abduction, opposition
Axis: Biaxial
Degrees of freedom: 2
Example:Thumb

Question 10

Movement, axis, degrees of freedom and example of ball and socket joint

Answer 10

Movement: flexion/extension, add/abduction, internal/ external rotaion, and circumduction
Axis:triaxial
Degrees of freedom:3
Example: shoulder and hip

Question 11

Components of a synovial joint

Answer 11

Bone
Ligament 
Capsule:outer layer, inner layer (synovial fluid)
Fibrocartilage
cartilage 
Tendon 
bursa

Question 12

Purpose of bone in synovial joint

Answer 12

stability

Question 13

Purpose of ligaments in a synovial joint

Answer 13

Binds the joint together and strengthen and stabilize the joint. (Bone to Bone)

Question 14

Purpose of capsule: outter layer in a synovial joint

Answer 14

surrounds the synovial joint and keeps synovial fluid in place

Question 15

Purpose of inner layer of joint capsule

Answer 15

helps joints move more freely and plays a role in protecting against from wear and tear.

Question 16

Purpose of fibrocartilage in a synovial joint

Answer 16

It provides support and rigidity to structures

Question 17

What is the purpose of cartilage in a synovial joint

Answer 17

reduces friction, absorbs water

Question 18

Purpose of tendon in a synovial joint

Answer 18

connects muscle and bone allows for movement

Question 19

purpose of bursae in a synovial joint

Answer 19

reduce the mechanical friction between one structure (bone or ligament) to another during movement

Question 20

What axis and plane does flexion and extension happen in?

Answer 20

Sagittal Plane

Frontal Axis

Question 21

What axis and plane does Ab/Adduction occur in

Answer 21

Fronatal Plane

Sagittal Axis

Question 22

What axis and plane does Internal and external rotation occur in

Answer 22

Transverse plane vertical axis

Question 23

Normal resting length of a muscle

Answer 23

Neither lengthened or shortened , no stress on it

Question 24

Irritability

Answer 24

responds to stimulus

Question 25

contractability

Answer 25

ability to contract

Question 26

extensibility

Answer 26

when a force is applied muscle can lengthen or shorten

Question 27

Elasticity

Answer 27

ability of muscle to return to original length after shortening or lengthening

Question 28

Tension

Answer 28

built up force withing a muscle (passsive tesnion= streching) (active tension= contractile units

Question 29

Tone

Answer 29

Slight tension present in muscle at all times including rest

Question 30

excursion

Answer 30

distance from maximum elongation to maximum shortening | muscle length determines tension

Question 31

Passive insufficiency

Answer 31

the piont where a muscle can not be elongated any further without injury to others EX: hamstring can be stretched over knee or hip but both

Question 32

active insufficiency

Answer 32

the piont where the muscle is unable to shorten any further | EX: muscle cant contract and perform hip extension and knee flexion at the same time

Question 33

tenodesis

Answer 33

tendon action of muscle

Question 34

The three types of contractions

Answer 34

Isometric, concentric, eccentric

Question 35

Isometric contractions

Answer 35

produce force without changing length | muscle length and joint angle change

Question 36

concentric contractions

Answer 36

joint movement, the muscle shortens, O&I move closer together

Question 37

Eccentric contractions

Answer 37

joint movement causes muscle to lengthen O&I move further apart

Question 38

Which type of contraction is usually against gravity

Answer 38

Concentric

Question 39

Which type of muscle contraction moves with gravity

Answer 39

eccentric

Question 40

Types of kinetic chains

Answer 40

closed and open

Question 41

Open kinetic chain

Answer 41

non weight bearing | distal segment free to move, proximal segment fixed (waving at somone)

Question 42

Closed kinetic chain

Answer 42

weight bearing | Distal segment is fixed proximal segment moves (bench press, pushup)

Question 43

Which joint surface moves with the body

Answer 43

Concave

Question 44

Which joint surface moves opposite of the body

Answer 44

Convex

Question 45

When does a convex surface move on a concave surface

Answer 45

Shoulder joint

Question 46

When does a concave surface move on a convex one

Answer 46

Elbow joint