Final Study Guide Practice Questions

Question 1

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?
1. Mitochondria
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
4. Chloroplasts

Answer 1

3. Cytoplasm

Question 2

What most directly forms ATP?
1. Active transport of H+ into the intermembrane space.
2. Passive transport of H+ after the H+ gradient is formed.
3. The production of Acetyl-CoA.

Answer 2

2. Passive transport of H+ after the H+ gradient is formed.

Question 3

How many ATP are produced from one glucose molecule via aerobic respiration?
1. 8-12
2. 32-38
3. 125-150

Answer 3

2. 32-38

Question 4

In what step is pyruvate produced?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

Answer 4

1. Glycolysis

Question 5

In what step is water produced?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

Answer 5

3. Electron Transport Chain

Question 6

In what step is Acetyl-CoA used as a reactant?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric Acid Cycle
3. Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

2. Citric Acid Cycle

Question 7

How many (approximately) ATP are made from one molecule of glucose in aerobic respiration?
1. 2
2. 32
3. 46
4. 23

Answer 7

1. 2

Question 8

If thymine bases make up 40% of a DNA sample, what percentage are cytosine?
1. 40%
2. 80%
3. 10%
4. 20%

Answer 8

3. 10%

Question 9

What part of the nucleotide gives it its properties?
1. Sugar
2. Base
3. Backbone

Answer 9

2. Base

Question 10

What is the genotype of a biological female?
1. XX
2. XY

Answer 10

1. XX

Question 11

How many chromosome pairs do humans have?
1. 46
2. 23
3. 2
4. 4

Answer 11

2. 23

Question 12

The enzyme that carries out DNA synthesis during replication is…
1. Helicase
2. Primase
3. DNA Polymerase
4. RNA Polymerase

Answer 12

3. DNA Polymerase

Question 13

The enzyme required for transcription in Euks?
1. Helicase
2. Primase
3. DNA Polymerase
4. RNA Polymerase

Answer 13

4. RNA Polymerase

Question 14

What uses the anticodon and coordinating amino acid to build the polypeptide in translation?
1. Ribosome
2. DNA Polymerase
3. tRNA
4. rRNA
5. DNA

Answer 14

3. tRNA

Question 15

What parts of the RNA are NOT translated?
1. Introns
2. Exons
3. Start Codons

Answer 15

1. Introns

Question 16

One of more nucleotides are added into the DNA
1. Base substitution
2. Insertion
3. Deletion

Answer 16

2. Insertion

Question 17

All mutations are bad (true or false):
1. True
2. False

Answer 17

2. False

Question 18

What RNA Strand would be produced from the DNA strand 3’AATTCGGAT5’?
1. 3’UUAAGCCUA5’
2. 5’UUAAGCCUA3’
3. 3’TTAAGCCTA5’
4. 5’TTAAGCCTA3’

Answer 18

2. 5’UUAAGCCUA3’

Question 19

Crossing over occurs in:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

Answer 19

2. Meiosis

Question 20

Crossing over occurs in:
1. Prophase I
2. Phrophase II
3. Both

Answer 20

1. Prophase I

Question 21

Genetically IDENTICAL cells are a result of:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

Answer 21

1. Mitosis

Question 22

Sexual reproduction:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

Answer 22

2. Meiosis

Question 23

DNA is replicated in:
1. Mitosis
2. S Phase
3. GI and G2
4. G0

Answer 23

2. S Phase

Question 24

DNA is replicated before:
1. Mitosis
2. Meiosis
3. Both

Answer 24

3. Both

Question 25

1st phase of mitosis: 1. Anaphase 2. Metaphase 3. Prophase 4. Telophase

Answer 25

3. Prophase

Question 26

Interphase includes all except... 1. DNA replicating 2. Organelles replicating 3. Cell growing in size 4. Chromosomes condensing

Answer 26

4. Chromosomes condensing

Question 27

Suppression of this gene causes cancer: 1. Oncogene 2. Suppressor gene 3. Both

Answer 27

2. Suppressor gene

Question 28

Cells at the end of mitosis are: 1. Diploid 2. Haploid

Answer 28

1. Diploid

Question 29

Cells at the end of meiosis are: 1. Diploid 2. Haploid

Answer 29

2. Haploid

Question 30

Chromosomes with identical DNA: 1. Sister chromatids 2. Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 30

1. Sister Chromatids

Question 31

What stage of respiration uses oxygen? 1. Glycolysis 2. Krebs 3. Electron Transport Chain

Answer 31

3. Electron Transport Chain

Question 32

In respiration, oxygen eventually is used to create... 1. Carbon dioxide 2. Water 3. ATP

Answer 32

2. Water

Question 33

A nucleotide contains all of the following except: 1. Nitrogenous base 2. Hydrogen bondj 3. Five carbon sugar 4. Phosphate group

Answer 33

2. Hydrogen bond

Question 34

In RNA, A binds with 1. T 2. U 3. C 4. G

Answer 34

2. U

Question 35

The presence of a ____ chromosome determines biological malesness: 1. X 2. Y 3. 21 4. 16

Answer 35

2. Y

Question 36

Humans have how many total chromosomes? 1. 2 2. 23 3. 32 4. 46 5. 64

Answer 36

4. 46

Question 37

After S phase, how many total chromatids do humans have? 1. 2 2. 23 3. 32 4. 46 5. 92

Answer 37

5. 92

Question 38

In DNA replication, what happens after the DNA is unwound? 1. DNA is read and new nucleotides are added 2. Gaps are filled in 3. Primers are created 4. RNA is generated

Answer 38

3. Primers are created

Question 39

What enzyme adds DNA in DNA replication? 1. DNA Polymerase 2. RNA Polymerase 3. Primase 4. Ligase 5. Helicase

Answer 39

1. DNA Polymerase

Question 40

Which is most inclusive? 1. Chromosome 2. Allele 3. Chromatid 4. Gene

Answer 40

1. Chromosome

Question 41

Which is least inclusive? 1. Chromosome 2. Allele 3. Chromatid 4. Gene

Answer 41

2. Allele

Question 42

What part of the mRNA transcript is spliced out (not translated)? 1. Introns 2. Exons 3. Coding region

Answer 42

1. Introns

Question 43

All of the following are products of the Kreb's cycle except: 1. CO2 2. NADH 3. FADH2 4. Water 5. ATP

Answer 43

4. Water

Question 44

Which type of fermentation produces carbon dioxide? 1. Lactic 2. Alcoholic

Answer 44

2. Alcoholic

Question 45

All of the following are used in translation except: 1. Ribosome 2. tRNA 3. DNA 4. mRNA

Answer 45

3. DNA

Question 46

Codes for a trait (is not observable trait): 1. Genotype 2. Phenotype

Answer 46

1. Genotype

Question 47

Heterozygous genotype: 1. AA 2. Aa 3. aa

Answer 47

2. Aa

Question 48

Both alleles are present in phenotype equally: 1. Complete dominance 2. Incomplete dominance 3. Codominance

Answer 48

3. Codominance

Question 49

Would show dominant phenotype (assuming complete dominance): 1. AA 2. Aa 3. aa

Answer 49

1. AA 2. Aa

Question 50

Genotypes AA and Aa are both purple, this means the gene has to exhibit: 1. Complete dominance 2. Incomplete dominance 3. Codominance

Answer 50

1. Complete dominance

Question 51

Genotype is the only thing that impacts phenotype: 1. True 2. False

Answer 51

2. False

Question 52

Which of the following is not a polygenic trait? 1. Human height 2. Human skin color 3. Dog fur color 4. Human ABO blood groups

Answer 52

4. Human ABO blood groups

Question 53

Cannot skip a generation: 1. Autosomal dominant 2. Autosomal recessive 3. X-linked

Answer 53

1. Autosomal dominant

Question 54

Males cannot be carriers: 1. Autosomal dominant 2. Autosomal recessive 3. X-linked

Answer 54

1. Autosomal dominant 3. X-linked

Question 55

A man had type AB blood and a woman has type A blood. Can their child have type O blood? 1. Yes 2. No

Answer 55

2. No

Question 56

A man and a woman both have type B blood. Can their child have type O blood? 1. Yes 2. No

Answer 56

1. Yes

Question 57

A white and a red flower produce white, red, and pink offspring. What kind of dominance? 1. Complete dominance 2. Incomplete dominance 3. Codominance

Answer 57

2. Incomplete dominance

Question 58

A pink flower (Aa) and a red flower (AA) are crossed. What percentage of their offspring will be pink? 1. 25% 2. 50% 3. 75% 4. 100%

Answer 58

2. 50%

Question 59

Hemophilia A follows X-linked recessive inheritance. A woman has the disorder and a man does not. What percentage of their daughters will have it? 1. 0% 2. 25% 3. 50% 4. 75% 5. 100%

Answer 59

1. 0%

Question 60

What is required for water to be made in respiration? 1. H+ 2. Electrons 3. Oxygen 4. All of the above

Answer 60

4. All of the above

Question 61

What step of respiration produces pyruvate? 1. Krebs cycle 2. Electron transport chain 3. Glycolysis

Answer 61

3. Glycolysis

Question 62

What happens after a proton gradient is formed in the mitochondria? 1. Pyruvate is produced 2. ATP is produced 3. H+ moves back down its gradient 4. The cell dies

Answer 62

3. H+ moves back down its gradient

Question 63

What is not produced during the citric acid cycle? 1. CO2 2. ATP 3. NADH 4. Water 5. FADH2

Answer 63

4. Water

Question 64

Mitosis produces ____ cells and meiosis produces ____ cells. 1. Haploid, diploid 2. Diploid, haploid 3. Gametes, somatic cells 4. Somatic cells, gametes

Answer 64

2. Diploid, Haploid 4. Somatic cells, gametes

Question 65

Chromosomes are made when DNA wraps around: 1. Histones 2. Chromatids 3. Centromeres 4. Spindle Fibers

Answer 65

1. Histones

Question 66

What RNA is produced from 3'ACCTACG5'? 1. 5'TGGATGC3' 2. 5'CGTAGGT3' 3. 5'UGGAUGA3' 4. 5'CGUAGGU3'

Answer 66

4. 5'CGUAGGU3'

Question 67

What enzyme creates new DNA strand in DNA replication? 1. Helicase 2. RNA polymerase 3. DNA polymerase 4. tRNA

Answer 67

3. DNA polymerase

Question 68

What enzyme creates the new RNA strand in transcription? 1. Helicase 2. RNA polymerase 3. DNA polymerase 4. tRNA

Answer 68

2. RNA polymerase

Question 69

What process converts DNA to mRNA, and then into protein? 1. Transcription 2. Translation 3. Autosomal differentiation 4. Gene expression

Answer 69

4. Gene expression

Question 70

One genetic disorder is caused by the addition of a nucleotide in the 15th nucleotide region of the NTFR gene. This is: 1. Deletion 2. Insertion 3. Frameshift 4. Substitution 5. Nondisjunction

Answer 70

2. Insertion 3. Frameshift

Question 71

What is the longest part of the cell cycle? 1. G1 2. Interphase 3. S phase 4. Mitosis 5. Metaphase

Answer 71

2. Interphase

Question 72

Down syndrome is an example of a trisomy (specifically chromosome 21 has 3 instead of 2). How does this happen? 1. Substitution mutation 2. Frameshift mutation 3. Issue in crossing over in meiosis 4. Nondisjunction in meiosis

Answer 72

4. Nondisjunction in meiosis

Question 73

What is the last phase of mitosis? 1. Anaphase 2. Metaphase 3. Telophase 4. Cytoplasmic division 5. Interphase

Answer 73

3. Telophase

Question 74

What is an example of a dihybrid cross? 1. AaBb x AaBb 2. AAbb x AAbb 3. ABAB x ABAB 4. abab x abab

Answer 74

1. AaBb x AaBb

Question 75

A gene that transforms a normal cell into a tumor cell as a result of inappropriate stimulation of M phase: 1. Suppressor 2. Oncogene 3. Autosomal gene 4. G1 gene

Answer 75

2. Oncogene