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chem 1220 > final stuff > Flashcards

final stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

what is diamagnetic mean

A

all electrons paired, up-spin and down-spin effectively cancelled, NONMAGNETIC

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2
Q

what does paramagnetic mean

A

atom or ion contains one or more unpaired electrons, MAGNETIC

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3
Q

difference between paramagnetism and ferromagnetism

A

paramagnetism: magnetic moments align when placed in a magnetic field, but if external field is removed, individual atoms go back to their random magnetic orientations
ferromagnetic: same as above but the magnetism stays even after the external field is removed

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4
Q

what are ligands

A

molecules or ions that bind to a metal ion in a complex

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5
Q

metal complexes are formed from the reaction of a _______ and _______

A

lewis acid
lewis base

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6
Q

what type of bond is formed between metal and ligand?

A

coordinate covalent bond

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7
Q

what geometry would a 2 ligand complex ion have

A

linear

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8
Q

what geometry would a 4 ligand complex ion have

A

tetrahedral (most common)
square planar

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9
Q

what geometry would a 6 ligand complex ion have

A

octahedral

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10
Q

what is the chelate effect

A

polydentate ligands (chelating agents) form more stable complexes than do related monodentate ligands

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11
Q

what is a polydentate ligand

A

ligands with more than one donor atom (donor atoms must be separated by at least two atoms or more)

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12
Q

how many donor atoms does porphine have

A

4- tetradentate

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13
Q

what is an isomer

A

two or more compounds that have the same composition but different arrangements of atoms

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14
Q

structural isomer

A

different order of bonds

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15
Q

stereoisomers

A

different spacial arrangement

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16
Q

what is a linkage isomer

A

when a ligand can coordinate to a metal in more than one way
(must contain 2 atoms that can function as a lewis base)

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17
Q

a linkage isomer is a _____ isomer

A

structural isomer

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18
Q

a coordination-sphere isomer is a

A

structural isomer

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19
Q

a geometric isomer is a

A

stereoisomer

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20
Q

an optical isomer is a

A

stereoisomer

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21
Q

what is a coordination sphere isomer

A

differ in ligands being directly bonded to the metal vs counterions stabilizing the charge on the compex

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22
Q

what is a geometric isomer

A

differ in spatial arrangement about the central atom

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23
Q

what geometries can geometric isomers have

A

square planar or octahedral

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24
Q

what is an optical isomer/enantiomers

A

structures that are mirror images that cannot be superimposed

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25
what is chiral
a molecule that exists as a pair of enantiomers
26
what makes sp3 hybridization
4 equivalent sigma bonds
27
what are the bond angles on sp3 hybridized bonds
109.5
28
what makes sp2 hybridization
3 equivalent sigma bonds 1 pi bond
29
what geometry does an sp3 hybridized molecule have
tetrahedral
30
what geometry does an sp2 hybridized molecule have
trigonal planar
31
what are the bond angles on an sp2 hybridized molecule
120
32
what makes an sp hybridization
2 equivalent sigma bonds 2 equivalent pi bonds
33
what geometry does an sp hybridized molecule have
linear
34
what are the bond angles on an sp hybridized molecule
180
35
what has only carbon carbon single bonds
alkanes
36
what has at least one carbon carbon double bond
alkenes
37
what has at least one carbon carbon triple bond
alkynes
38
what is the structure called when C atoms are connected in a ring structure with alternating single and double bonds
aromatic
39
what is the formula for linear or branched alkanes
Cn H2n+2
40
are alkanes polar or nonpolar
nonpolar
41
for alkanes, boiling point _______ as the size of the molecule increases
increases
42
what is the hybridization on alkanes
sp3
43
1 carbon
meth
44
2 carbon
eth
45
3 carbon
prop
46
4 carbon
bute
47
5 carbon
pent
48
6 carbon
hex
49
7 carbon
hept
50
8 carbon
oct
51
9 carbon
non
52
10 carbon
dec
53
what is the general formula for cycloalkanes
CnH2n
54
what is the general foruma for alkenes
CnH2n
55
what is the general formula for alkynes
CnH2n-2
56
what denotes an alcohol
contains one or more -OH group R-OH (where R=general hydrocarbon)
57
what denotes an ether
two hydrocarbon groups bonded to one oxygen R-O-R'
58
what denotes an aldehyde
one hydrocarbon group attached to one side of a carbonyl carbon, hydrogen on the other side
59
how do you name aldehydes
normal but change the ending to 'al' (methane, methanal)
60
whats the ending for alkanes
'ane'
61
whats the ending for alkenes
'ene'
62
whats the ending for alkynes
'yne'
63
what denotes a ketone
hydrocarbon group attached to either side of the carbonyl carbon O ll R--C--R' (my jank ass thing)
64
whats the ending for ketones
'one'
65
what denotes a carboxylic acid
hydrocarbon group attached to one side of a carbonyl carbon, hydroxyl group attached to the other side O ll R--C--OH
66
how do u name a carboxylic acid
'oic acid'
67
what denotes an ester
a hydrocarbon attached to one side of a carbonyl carbon with an oxygen then another hydrocarbon on the other side O ll R--C--OR'
68
what makes an amine
replacing one or more hydrogens on ammonia with a hydrocarbon
69
how are esters formed
condensation of carboxylic acid and alcohol
70
how do you get an amide
amine+carboxylic acid=amide
71
what makes a carbon atom chiral
being bonded to four different atoms or groups
72
what are the high spin low spin d orbitals (in an octahedral complex)
d4, d5, d6, and d7
73
what makes a molecule 'organic'
a carbon must be bonded to a hydrogen
74
what is the minimum number of carbons necessary to form an alkane that can exist as a pair of enantiomers (must have at least 1 chiral carbon)
7
75
what organic functional group is also formed when an amino acid condenses into a protein
amide
76
what is the final step of copper refinement
selective plating of copper from a mix of other shit at the CATHODE in an electrolytic cell
77
what is brass made of
zinc and copper
78
in an alloy, Substitutional= interstitial=
substitutional= second element replaces the first element. they must be similar atomic radii for this to work interstitial= second element fills in the gaps between first element. one must have a much smaller atomic radii for this to work
79
in a coordination compound, the metal ion serves as a
lewis acid
80
for an alkene/alkyne, where do you want the double/triple bond to be
at the front so start numbering the carbons so that the double/triple bond will come the fastest
81
what products are formed from the hydrolysis of an ester
carboxylic acid and an alcohol
82

chem 1220 (2 decks)

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