Final- Sympathetics Quiz

Question 1

Where are the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic located

Answer 1

T1-L2 or L3 in the lateral horn

Question 2

Where do sympathetic neurons exit the cord

Answer 2

Anterior rootlets, following the anterior primary rami

Question 3

How do the rootless exit?

Answer 3

Enter the sympathetic trunk via the white ramus communicans

Question 4

Where do most of the preganglionic sympathetics synapse?

Answer 4

Synapse on the postganglionic cells in the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk

Question 5

What do the other preganglionic sympathetics go if dont synapse in the sympathetic trunk

Answer 5

Pass through the sympathetic trunk to be carried in the splanchinic nerves to synapse in prevertebral plexuses associated with the abdomicnopelvic viscera

Question 6

Preganglionic sympathetics release

Answer 6

ACH

Question 7

What is the sympathetic trunks made of

Answer 7

Two paravertebral columns of interconnected ganglia

Question 8

What kind of fibers does the sympathetic trunk carry

Answer 8

Ascending and descending fibers

Question 9

The sympathetic trunk goes from

Answer 9

Superior cervical ganglion inferior to the ganglion impar

Question 10

The sympathetic trunk only unites

Answer 10

Inferiorly

Question 11

how many ganglia are in the sympathetic trunk

Answer 11

21 or 22. Normally 21 because two ganglia fuse to form a stellate ganglia

Question 12

How are the ganglia broken up

Answer 12

Cervical-3
Thoracic-11
Lumbar-4
Sacral-4

Question 13

What two ganglia normally make up the stellate ganglia

Answer 13

Lower cervical and upper thoracic

Question 14

Where is the trunk located in the cervical area? In the thoracic area? Lumbar and lower thoracic areas

Answer 14

Cervical- posterior to carotid shealth
Thoracic- anterior to the necks of ribs
Lumbar- resting on lateral aspect of vertebral bodies
Sacrum- anterior aspect, joining at level of coccyx

Question 15

Where does the cervical sympathetic trunk located

Answer 15

Lies between carotid shealth and the longus colli and capitis muscles on the PREVERTEBRAL FASCIA

Question 16

Does the cervical trunk have white rami communicans

Answer 16

NO

But gray rami communicans to each cervical nerve

Question 17

What are the three cervical ganglia

Answer 17

Superior, middle, INferior

Question 18

What two ganglia form the stellate ganglia

Answer 18

Inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglion fuse

Question 19

What is the largest cervical ganglia

Answer 19

The superior, formed by the union of the upper four cervical ganglia

Question 20

Where is the superior cervical ganglia located

Answer 20

level of C2-C3, between carotid shealth and longus capitis

Question 21

Where are the postganglionic fibers are distributed in the superior cervical ganglia

Answer 21

Anterior, medial, lateral branches

Question 22

Where do the lateral branches in the superior cervical ganglia go

Answer 22

Are the gray rami communicans, communicate with anterior primary rami of C1-C4 as well as CN 9,10,12

Question 23

Where do medial branches of superior cervical ganglia go

Answer 23

To the larynx, pharynx, and heart.

Question 24

What branches are to the heart via the superior cervical ganglia

Answer 24

Superior cardiac nerves, carry EFFERENT info only

Question 25

The anterior branches of superior cervical ganglia follow what and supply what

Answer 25

External carotid arteries, and innervate vessels that supply blood to structures inside and outside the skull

Question 26

What is the smallest cervical ganglia

Answer 26

The middle Located at level C6

Question 27

The middle cervical ganglia communicates with what via what

Answer 27

Anterior primary rami of C5,C6 via gray rami communicans

Question 28

How does the thyroid and parathyroid gland innervated

Answer 28

Via the middle cervical ganglia, it is the primary vasomotor

Question 29

What makes up the middle cardiac nerves

Answer 29

Branches from the middle cervical ganglion, contribute to the deep part of the cardiac plexus

Question 30

What ganglia lies at level C7

Answer 30

Inferior cervical ganglia

Question 31

What communicates with anterior primary rami of C7,C8 also T1 is fused forms stellate via what

Answer 31

Inferior cervical ganglia, via gray rami communicans

Question 32

How does the inferior cervical ganglia communicate with the heart

Answer 32

Via inferior cardiac nerves

Question 33

What forms branches around the subclavian, axillary, and vertebral arteries

Answer 33

Inferior cervical ganglia

Question 34

What types of communicans does the thoracic sympathetic trunk have

Answer 34

Gray and white rami communicans

Question 35

Where are the ganglia located in the superior thorax, and the lower ganglia

Answer 35

Superior- anterior to rib heads | Lower thorax- lateral aspects of vertebral bodies

Question 36

What supply the structures of the thoracic cavity

Answer 36

Upper 5 ganglia, travel medial Carry postganglionic fibers and visceral afferents

Question 37

What nerves are associated with the lower seven thoracic ganglia

Answer 37

Three splanchnic nerves

Question 38

What fibers does the lower 7 thoracic ganglia give

Answer 38

Preganglionic fibers to plexuses in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, also carry visceral afferent info

Question 39

What forms the greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 39

The fifth through ninth ganglia and terminates in the celiac ganglion

Question 40

Where does the greater splanchnic nerve terminate

Answer 40

The celiac ganglion

Question 41

The lesser splanchnic nerve is formed by what fibers

Answer 41

9-10 or 10-11,

Question 42

Where does the lesser splanchnic nerve terminate

Answer 42

Aorticorenal ganglion

Question 43

What is the least splanchnic nerve formed by

Answer 43

Fibers from 12 ganglia

Question 44

Where does the least splanchnic nerve terminate

Answer 44

The renal plexus

Question 45

Where do the lumbar sympathetic trunks lie

Answer 45

In the retroperitoneal space on the lateral aspects of the lumbar vertebral bodies

Question 46

Which lumbars have white rami communicans

Answer 46

1,2 and sometimes 3 Carrying preganglionic axons into the sympathetic trunk

Question 47

Do all five lumbar nerves have gray rami communicans

Answer 47

YES but not all have white rami communicans

Question 48

What supplies the plexus around the abdominal aorta

Answer 48

2-4 lumbar splanchnic nerves carrying preganglionic axons

Question 49

Where is the sacral sympathetic trunk and ganglia located

Answer 49

Lie on anterior aspect of sacrum, medial to the anterior sacral foramina

Question 50

Are grey rami communicans associated with each sacral and coccygeal nerve

Answer 50

YES