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Speech Science Final > Final Terminology > Flashcards

Final Terminology Flashcards

(63 cards)

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0
Q

Driving pressure

A

Difference between high and low pressure areas that causes air to flow between these areas.

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1
Q

Flow

A

Movement of a particular volume of air during an interval of time.

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2
Q

Laminar flow

A

Flow of air in which molecules move in a parallel manner at the same speed.

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3
Q

Turbulent flow

A

Irregular flow with random variations in pressure.

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4
Q

Volume

A

Amount of space occupied by something in three dimensions

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5
Q

Volume velocity

A

Rate of flow

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6
Q

Density

A

Number of something per unit of space

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7
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

Law that states a volume varies inversely with pressure, given a constant temperature

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8
Q

Compression

A

Area of positive pressure

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9
Q

Rarefaction

A

Area of negative pressure

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10
Q

Elasticity

A

Restoring force that brings an object back to its original size, shape, or position, after being displaced or deformed

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11
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency of matter to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an outside force

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12
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Restoring force is proportionate to the distance of displacement and acts in the opposite direction.

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13
Q

Amplitude

A

Amount of displacement of an object from its rest position

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14
Q

Reflection

A

Wave that collides with a surface and travels back toward the source.

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15
Q

Interference

A

Combining of waves in terms of areas of high and low pressure

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16
Q

Constructive interference

A

Waves that combine and increase the amplitude of the resulting wave

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17
Q

Destructive interference

A

Waves that combine and decrease the amplitude of the resulting wave

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18
Q

Phase

A

Relative timing of compressions and rarefactions of waves.

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19
Q

Reverberation

A

Process generating a sound that lasts slightly longer due to interaction of incident and reflected waves

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20
Q

Simple harmonic motion

A

A smooth back and forth movement with a characteristic pattern of acceleration through the rest position and deceleration at the end points of the movement

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21
Q

Pure tone

A

Sound with only one frequency

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22
Q

Complex sound

A

Sound with two or more frequencies

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23
Q

Fundamental frequency (Fo)

A

Lowest frequency of a complex periodic sound

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24
Fourier analysis
Mathematical procedure to identify the individual sinusoids in a complex sounds
25
Spectrum
Graph with frequency on the horizontal axis and amplitude on the vertical axis; line spectrum represents periodic sounds, continuous spectrum represents aperiodic sounds
26
Sinusoid
Pure tone with a sinusoidal shape on a waveform
27
Line spectrum
Graph in which the frequencies in a complex periodic sound are depicted as vertical lined. The height of the line indicates the amplitude of the component frequency.
28
Logarithmic scale
Scale in which successive units increase by increasing amounts
29
Ratio scale
Scale that describes relationships between quantities
30
Threshold of hearing
Sound that a normal pair of hearing ears can detect 50% of the time under ideal listening conditions
31
Threshold of pain
Intensity level of 130dB, which causes a sensation of pain in the ears.
32
Average Fo/SFF(speaking fundamental frequency)
Infants: 350-500Hz Male and female age 3-10: 270-300Hz Male age 20+: 120Hz Female age 20+: 220Hz
33
Resonant frequency
Frequency at which an object vibrates depending on its physical characteristics
34
Mechanical resonator
Resonator that does not contain a body of air
35
Acoustic resonator
Air filled container in which the air is forced to vibrate in response to another vibration
36
Bandwidth
Range of frequencies that a resonator will transmit
37
Damping
Decrease in amplitude
38
Wave front
Outermost area of the sound wave propagating spherically through the air
39
Waveform
Graph with time on horizontal axis and amplitude on vertical axis
40
Frequency
Rate of vibration of an object
41
Period
Amount of time consumed by each cycle in a wave
42
Periodic
Wave in which each cycle takes same amount of time to occur
43
Aperiodic
Wave in which cycles do not take the same amount of time to occur
44
Wavelength
Distance covered by one complete cycle of a wave
45
Incident wave
Sound wave generated by a vibrating object
46
Absorption
Damping of a wave
47
Envelope
One that connects the frequencies of a complex sound represented on a spectrum
48
Subsonic
Frequencies below the range of human hearing
49
Supersonic
Frequencies above the range of human hearing
50
Phon scale
Psychophysical scale; phons are the unit of loudness
51
Linear scale
Scale in which successive units increase by the same amount
52
Formants
Resonances of the vocal tract; frequency areas of acoustic energy in vowels and other resonant sounds
53
Resonator
Object that vibrates in response to another vibration. Can be mechanical or acoustic.
54
Cutoff frequency
Frequency at which a resonant system is unresponsive
55
Resonance curve
Graph displaying the frequency response of a resonant system
56
Transfer function
Same as resonance curve (graph displaying the frequency response of a resonance system)
57
Center frequency
Same as natural or resonant frequency (frequency at which an object vibrates depending on its physical characteristics
58
Cutoff frequency
Frequency at which a resonant system is unresponsive
59
Attenuation rate
Rate in decibels per octave in which a resonators amplitude of response is attenuated
60
Low pass filter
Resonator that transmits acoustic energy below a specific upper cutoff frequency
61
High pass filter
Resonator that transmits acoustic energy above a specific lower cutoff frequency
62
Band pass filter
Resonator that transmits acoustic energy in range of frequencies between an upper and lower cutoff frequency.

Speech Science Final (1 decks)

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