Final Terms/People

Question 1

City as a growth machine

Answer 1

Developed by Molotch and Logan. Refers to the idea that cities are machines whose sole purpose is growth

Question 2

Diversity

Answer 2

Understanding that each individual is unique and recognizing individual differences

Question 3

Concentric Zones Model

Answer 3

Developed by Ernest and Burgess that claimed that all metropolitan areas develop in terms of a set of circular areas radiating out from the center of the city. Inhabitants of each zone tend to be similar and different from the those inhabitants in other rings of the city. Two such zones are the warehouse district and zone of commuters

Question 4

Deindustrialization

Answer 4

The movement of industrial enterprises out of older metropolitan areas during the period after WWII

Question 5

Ecological footprint

Answer 5

The environmental impact of a city’s resource needs and waste production in terms of a standard measurement of a unit’s influence on its habitat

Question 6

Edge city

Answer 6

Joel Garreau’s term for clusters of development at the urban periphery that include substantial commercial as well as residential land uses. Usually located along major transportation routes

Question 7

Environmental justice

Answer 7

A social movement seeking equity in terms of the environment risks and benefits experienced by different groups

Question 8

Gated community

Answer 8

A residential community surrounded by walls, fences, gates, water, or natural barriers to restrict entry and access. This is where groups of people can seclude themselves from others in the metropolis

Question 9

Gemeinschaft

Answer 9

Created by Tonnies to refer to community. Depicts the close and intimate relationships between people

Question 10

Gesellschaft

Answer 10

Used by Tonnies to refer to society. Depicts partial and impersonal relationship

Question 11

Gentrification

Answer 11

Redevelopment of older residential and/or industrial districts of the metropolis with the intention of bringing more wealth into an urban area. Leads to displacement of older poorer residents

Question 12

Ghetto

Answer 12

area where members of racial or ethnic minority group are forced to live. These neighborhoods arise because of poverty of residents and discrimination by the dominant group

Question 13

Growth coalition

Answer 13

A group of individuals and organizations who come together in support of urban growth. includes real estate agents, developers, local government, business owners, etc.

Question 14

LULU (locally unwanted land use)

Answer 14

Industrial and infrastructure projects that are considered detrimental to neighborhoods where they are located. Ex: jails/prisons, rail yards, etc.

Question 15

Place attachment

Answer 15

Emotional connections that people feel with places like neighborhoods, buildings, or cities

Question 16

Primate city

Answer 16

A city that is both the largest in the country and disproportionately larger than the second and lower ranked cities ex: bangkok, thailand

Question 17

Private space VS public space

Answer 17

Private: space that can be accessed by owners rather than everyone

Public: space that can be accessed by everyone, particularly citizens

Question 18

Redlining

Answer 18

The systematic denial of mortgages and other forms of lending in minority communities

Question 19

Streetcar suburbs

Answer 19

Concept invented by Samuel Bass Warner, Jr. to describe communities that developed as a result of streetcars, trams, or rail lines

Question 20

Suburbanization

Answer 20

Population shift from urban areas to the suburbs

Question 21

Sustainability

Answer 21

How biological systems endure and remain diverse and productive

Question 22

Tax Increment Financing

Answer 22

A way to pay for redevelopment without taxing the developer. Property taxes are frozen and incremental tax increases are rolled back into improvements

Question 23

Uneven development

Answer 23

Unequal spatial development of cities. Older portions are sitting idle and left to decline while newer areas growth is on the outer rings of the city

Question 24

Urban enclave

Answer 24

Settlements and communities of new immigrants in a country

Question 25

Urban renewal

Answer 25

Government funded efforts to remake older areas of cities

Question 26

Urbanization

Answer 26

Process by which a city becomes urbanized

Question 27

Use value vs exchange value

Answer 27

Use: created by Karl Marx as the use or utility of a thing; residents primary concern regarding their neighborhoods Exchange: created by Karl Marx as the concept of market value of commodities; the primary interest of real estate developers (price)

Question 28

Carceal City

Answer 28

The "Carceal City" created by Mike Davis

Question 29

Drive in Culture

Answer 29

Refers to the automobile that shaped American consciousness and facilitated the creation of enduring cultural icons as a result of the increased mobility it offered

Question 30

Jane Jacobs

Answer 30

-Wrote "The Death and Life of Great American Cities" (1961) | Confronted common notions of urban development that had drastically altered the American city in the 1950's cities

Question 31

Fredrich Tonnies

Answer 31

Talked about the distinction between two ways of life (geminschaft and gesellschaft)

Question 32

Jacob Riis

Answer 32

Wrote the book "How the Other Half Lives" | - focused on 5 points area of New York City, where immigrants settled after coming to the US

Question 33

Manuel Castells

Answer 33

- spanish sociologist - the urban question - critic of the chicago school - used a marxian perspective to try to understand everything with urbanism

Question 34

David Harvey

Answer 34

- a british geographer - explanation in geography (1971) - social justice and the city (1973) - addressed the problem of uneven growth and development - the right to the city

Question 35

Robert Moses

Answer 35

Helped with the building of parks, bridges, and highways after WWII