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Psych 101 - Final > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Everything we do that can be directly observed

A

Behavior

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3
Q

The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experience privately but that cannot be observed directly.

A

Mental Processing

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4
Q

Thoughts

A

Cognition

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5
Q

Emotion

A

Affect

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6
Q

Medical Doctor

A

Psychiatrist

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7
Q

An approach to psychology focusing on unconscious thoughts, the conflict between biological drives and society demand as well as early experiences (Sigmund Freud)

A

Psychodynamic Approach

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8
Q

An approach to psychology focusing on the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and environmental determinants (B.F. Skinner)

A

Behavior Approach

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9
Q

An approach to psychology focusing on the mental processes involved in knowing; how we direct attention, perceive, remember, think, and problem solve.

A

Cognitive Approach

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10
Q

An Approach to psychology focusing on a person’s positive qualities, capacity for positive growth, freedom to chose one’s destiny

A

Humanistic Approach

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11
Q

broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempt to explain certain observations; and make predictions about future observations

A

Theory

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12
Q

An educated guess that derives logically from a theory; a prediction that can be tested

A

Hypothesis

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13
Q

The entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions

A

Population

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14
Q

Subset of the population chosen by investigator for study

A

Sample

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15
Q

Sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected

A

Random Sample

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16
Q

Cause and Effect; carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable

A

Experimental Research

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17
Q

Research that examines the relationship between variables, in order to find out whether and how variables change together.

A

Correlation Research

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18
Q

Participants in an experiment who receive the drug or other treatment under study

A

Experimental Group

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19
Q

The participants in an experiment who are as much like the experimental group as possible except they are given a placebo

A

Control Group

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20
Q

In a drug study, a harmless, inert substance, that has no physiological effect

A

Placebo

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21
Q

The bodys electrochemical communication circuitry, made up of billions of neurons - Brain and spinal cord

A

The Nervous System

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22
Q

Chemical substance stored in the sac within the terminal buttons and involves in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron

A

Neurotransmitters

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23
Q

Capacity to repair itself and adaptability - younger has more

A

Plasticity

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24
Q

Nature

A

Biology

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25
Nurture
Environment
26
Temperament: Positive, adapts, specific routine
Easy child
27
Temperament: negative, cries, irregular routine, slow to accept new experiences
Difficult child
28
Temperament: Low activity, inflexible, low intensity of mood, cautious
Slow to warm up child
29
Parenting Style: Restrictive, punitive, strict
Authoritarian Parent
30
Parenting Style: Encourages the child to be independent but still places limits and control (Best)
Authoritative Parent
31
Parenting Style: Lack of parental involvement
Neglectful Parent
32
Parenting Style: few limits and rules
Permissive Parent
33
Erik Erikson's theory : 5th Stage
Identity Vs. Identity Confusion
34
Children actively construct their cognitive world, using schemas to make sense of their experiences.
Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
35
Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
Object Permanence
36
A belief in the permanence of certain attributes of objects in spite of superficial changes
Conservation
37
Process of receiving stimulus energies from the environment and transforming those energies into neural energy
Sensation
38
Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense
Perception
39
Minimum amount of stimulus energy a person can detect (detect 50% of the time)
Absolute threshold
40
The detection of information below the level of conscious awareness
Subliminal Perception
41
Awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal, including awareness a of the self and thoughts about one's experiences
Consciousness
42
First Stage of sleep
N1 (light sleep)
43
First stage of sleep has what kind of waves?
Theta
44
Second stage of sleep
N2 (light sleep)
45
Second stage of sleep has what kind of waves?
Theta
46
Brief high frequency wave bursts during N2 sleep
Sleep spindles
47
Third stage of sleep
N3 (deep sleep)
48
What waves occur during N3 sleep?
Delta waves
49
Fourth stage of sleep
REM Sleep
50
What occurs during REM Sleep
Dreaming
51
Sleep disorders occur during what stage of sleep?
Stage 3
52
Relaxed waking state
Hypnosis
53
Dreams surface content (Dream itself)
Manifest Content
54
Dreams hidden content (Interpretation)
Latent Content
55
A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience
Learning
56
Learning that occurs when a person observes & imitates another's behavior
Observational Learning
57
Pavlovs dog study
Classical Conditioning
58
Consequences Shape Behavior - rat pressing a lever releasing food
Operant conditioning - B.F. Skinner
59
The process by which information gets into memory storage
Encoding
60
Ways in which information is retained over time and how it is represented in memory
Storage
61
The memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage
Retrieval
62
The number of digits one can repeat back in order after a single presentation
Memory Span (7+-2)
63
The tendency to recall items at there beginning and at the end of the list more readily than those in the middle
Serial Position Effect
64
Form of communication wether spoken, written, or signed that is based on a system of symbols
Language
65
When are first words usually spoken?
Around 12 months
66
Language is processed in what side of the brain
Left-Hemisphere
67
The way in which information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing
Cognition
67
Strategies - formulas, instructions (recipe) - Guaranteed solution to a problem
Algorithm
67
Shortcut strategies or guidelines that suggest a solution but do not guarantee an answer
Heuristics
67
The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people; how individuals influence groups & how groups influence individuals
Social Psychology
67
Why one personal will help an individual in distress and another will not - Tendency to help others when less people are around
Bystander Effect
67
Change in a persons behavior to coincide more closely with a groups standard - Asch's Experiment
Conformity
67
Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority - Migram's experiment
Obedience
68
all purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and learn from experience
Intelligence
69
Two IQ Tests
Stanford Binet & Weschler
70
Individuals mental development - measured age
Mental Age
71
Individuals actual age
chronological age
72
IQ Formula
MA/CA x 100
73
The extent to which a test measures what is intended to measure
Validity
74
The extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance
Reliability
75
Developing uniformed procedure for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test.
Standardization
76
Giftedness
IQ of 130 or higher
77
Mental Retardation
IQ below 70
78
Average IQ
100
79
Motivation based on internal factors
Intrinsic motivation
80
Motivation based on external factors
Extrinsic motivation
81
Our basic needs must be satisfied before our higher needs can be
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
82
Eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation
Anorexia
83
Eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge purge eating pattern
Bulimia
84
Mental disorder which involves a disturbed body image.
Body Dysmorphia
85
Obsessed with the idea of not being muscular enough
Muscle Dysmorphia
86
Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
Personality
87
Directly asks people yes/no questions, true or false.
Self-Report Tests
88
Presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and then ask them to describe it or tell a story about it
Projective Tests
89
Inkblot test
Rorschach
90
Series of pictures and asked to tell a story
TAT
91
567 items most widely used, true, false, or can not say
MMPI
92
Stresses a persons capacity for growth, positive human qualities, and freedom to choose ones destiny
Humanistic Approach - Rogers
93
Unconscious minds holds key to understanding, early childhood experiences shape personality, emphasis on sex and pleasure
Psychodynamic approach (Freud)
94
The ego pushes unacceptable id impulses out of awareness, back into the unconscious mind
Repression
95
The tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Defense mechanisms
96
A young boys intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother
oedipus complex

Psych 101 - Final (1 decks)

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