Final test

Question 1

Pope Gregory

Answer 1

700’s
Codification of chant, standardization
guided by divine inspiration
replaced/incorporated other chant styles

Question 2

Sections of the ordinary (or common)

Answer 2

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

Question 3

Sections of the proper

Answer 3

Collects, epistles, gospel, introit, alleluia, tract, others

Question 4

Published book that contains ordinary and proper

Answer 4

Gradual

Question 5

Tropes

Answer 5

Adding to already written music
Melismas
Prosula (words for melismas that explained other parts of text)
adding words and music to an existing chant

Question 6

Boethius

Answer 6

Roman music theorist
wrote De Instutione Musica
believed that music was a science, all about numbers, intervallic relationships, etc
Included other disciplines under his study of music

Question 7

Hildegard von Bingen

Answer 7

German nun
Wrote "Ordo Virtutum"
First non-liturgical music drama
sacred work
wrote music and text
divinely inspired

Question 8

Rhythmic modes

Answer 8

Six different modes, all triple based

from Notre Dame

Question 9

Medieval modes

Answer 9

Authentic (odd)
ti to do (about a 9th)

Plagal (even) (hypo, such as hypodorian)
so to so (roughly)

D dorian
E phyrgian
F Lydian
G Mixolydian

Question 10

Organum

Answer 10

Parallel (fifths, below main voice)

Free, Aquitanian, Florid - tenor, fixed melody sung, other part improvised using consonances

Question 11

Leonin and Perotin

Answer 11

Worked at Notre Dame

Leonin wrote Magnus Liber Organi (collection
Perotin

Perotin - increased number of parts in organum from 3 to 4

Question 12

Clasula

Answer 12

Tenor is in fixed rhythm, rewritten section of a piece of music

Question 13

Incipit

Answer 13

Words and or notes used to lead off a piece of music or literature

Question 14

Vox Organalis

Answer 14

Added part in organum (to a chant)

Question 15

Conductus

Answer 15

Latin poem for 2-4 voices

non-liturgical, but still sacred

Question 16

added voice in parallel organum

chant voice in florid organum

Answer 16

organal voice

tenor

Question 17

Winchester Troper

Answer 17

• collection of tropes from Winchester
• contains organal parts to accompany aurally known chants
• largest known collection of organal parts from this time

Question 18

Musica Enchiriadis

Answer 18

Treatise to train new clerical members

-practical : explains modes, singing exercises for practice

Question 19

Magnus Liber Organi

Answer 19

two-part settings of solo portions of responsorial chants

-developed at Notre Dame (Leonin)

Question 20

Micrologus

Answer 20

• Hexachord system
• by Guido D’Arezzo
• precursor to modern solfege
• guidonian hand to remember notes, intervals
• Ut Queant Laxis, by Guido to teach solfege
• It’s called solmization in this setting

Question 21

Ars Nova

Answer 21

• Phillipe de Vitry

- author and composer of a book (first major Ars Nova composer)

Question 22

Phillipe de Vitry vs. Jacques de Liege

Answer 22

de Liege preferred old school
said groupings of three were holy
de Vitry used duple and triple rhythms

Question 23

Isorhythm

Answer 23

tenor repeats a rhythm throughout

• Talea repeating rhythm found in ars nova tenor parts
• Color melodic idea repeated throughout the tenor part

Question 24

Guillaume de Machaut

Mass of Notre Dame

Answer 24

• Early example of mass written entirely by one person
• one singer per part
• Isorhythm is used
• First polyphonic setting of an ordinary

Question 25

Franconian motets vs Petronian motets

Answer 25

- both relatively rhythmically precise - petronian motets were busier, highly melismatic - Franconian motets would use no more than three semi-breves (sixteenth notes), per tempus - Petronian motets were probably slower to accommodate all the notes

Question 26

Trouveres, Troubadors, Minnesingers

Answer 26

Trouveres - Northern France Troubadors - Southern France Minnesingers - German Poet musicians, all talked about ideal love Minnesingers talked more about divine love, theism, religious responsibility and a sense of duty. Also, the crusades

Question 27

Goliards

Answer 27

Students and clerics who travelled and sang sacred and secular music sophisticaed music, meant for an educated audience

Question 28

Musica ficta

Answer 28

alterations in accidentals, sometimes notated, sometimes assumed as performance practice avoiding tritones creating double leading tone cadences

Question 29

Roman de Fauvel

Answer 29

Narrative poem satirizing monarch | Ars nova, includes motets

Question 30

Pastourelle

Answer 30

French song type that speaks unfavorably of knights | sex and/or rape, pillaging often involved

Question 31

Adam de la Halle

Answer 31

French trouvère wrote "Jeu de Robin et de Marion" story of Robin Hood

Question 32

Landini

Answer 32

Ars Nova Landini cadence (7-6-1) wrote "Non avra ma'pieta"

Question 33

Worcester fragments

Answer 33

collection of music from Worcester | conductus and motet are most prominent

Question 34

Scaracialupi Codex

Answer 34

later 1300's early 1400's | compile by Antonio Scarcialupi, organist from Florence

Question 35

Old Hall Manuscript

Answer 35

collection of English compositions early 1400's uses parallel 3rds and 6ths

Question 36

Madrigal

Answer 36

Italian, secular two voices poems, love poems

Question 37

Shawm

Answer 37

double-reed predecessor to oboe

Question 38

Racket

Answer 38

predecessor to bassoon

Question 39

Sackbut

Answer 39

predecessor to trombone

Question 40

Dodekachordron

Answer 40

Garlneus Added Ionian, hypoionian, Aeloian, hypoaeloian