final test

Question 1

what is the definition of ecological restoration?

Answer 1

The act of restoring land to a former state

Question 2

how old is the field of ecological restoration?

Answer 2

more than 100 years

Question 3

what are things needs to be included in planning a restoration project?

Answer 3

1. Ecological restoration goal(s). 2) The restoration potential of a site. 3) How to conduct the restoration. 4) A spatial and temporal context for restoration. 5) How to evaluate the success of restoration

Question 4

Rehabilitation

Answer 4

improve the site from a degraded condition

Question 5

enhancment

Answer 5

improve a few ecosystem functions

Question 6

reclamation

Answer 6

associated with mines and waste dumps

Question 7

replacement

Answer 7

specifics a novel community type for the site to achieve particular conservation goals

Question 8

remediation

Answer 8

removes chemical contaminants from polluted areas

Question 9

re-creation

Answer 9

similar to replacement in constructing a biological community in an attempt to match a historical condition

Question 10

what are the 4 components of ecological restoration

Answer 10

ecological
social
economical
cultural

Question 11

what is an example abiotic and biotic aspects

Answer 11

abiotic- climate, soil

biotic- wildlife, plants

Question 12

3 main restoration techniques

Answer 12

biological
chemical
physical

Question 13

FLAT stands for

Answer 13

Forest Landscape Assement Tool

Question 14

what region is the flat tool made for?

Answer 14

the puget sound region

Question 15

using the flat tool involves three phases, what are they

Answer 15

field assessment
prioritization
forest cover type mapping

Question 16

spectrum of possible management approaches intermediary approaches combine two approaches. what are they

Answer 16

active-thinning

passive-monitoring

Question 17

there are 6 categories identified by the ICUN name a categoire

Answer 17

preserves, reserves

Question 18

one of the key area identified for restoration are called core____

Answer 18

reserves

Question 19

the connection between core reserves are called

Answer 19

corridors

Question 20

gap analysis refers too___

Answer 20

the gap of certain habitat types

Question 21

semi-protected areas around core areas are called___

Answer 21

buffer

Question 22

what is a corridor

Answer 22

an area connecting habitat for animals to travel

Question 23

what is the purpose of matrix land

Answer 23

more intensive resource use

Question 24

federal government developed northwest forest plan using core reserves for what species

Answer 24

spotted owl

Question 25

murray pacific habitat conservation plan is designed to provide what kind of habitat for spotted owl

Answer 25

dispersal

Question 26

DLI stands for____

Answer 26

dispersal landscape index

Question 27

Process

Answer 27

functions such as nutrient cycling

Question 28

structures

Answer 28

components that support life (biodiversity)

Question 29

scale

Answer 29

context- spatial and temporal

Question 30

traditional restoration goals include

Answer 30

reestablishing native species

Question 31

dynamic reference seeks to evaluate

Answer 31

reference conditions, restored site statistically

Question 32

give a reason we cant restore a site to a former condition

Answer 32

climate conditions wont allow the same species to grow there

Question 33

what is different about novel ecosystems in terms of their species composition

Answer 33

novel ecosystems try to mimic past ecosystems

Question 34

restoring wolves back into yellow stone is a example of

Answer 34

rewilding

Question 35

example of assisted migration

Answer 35

moving trees to cooler climates because of climate change impacts

Question 36

criticism of novel ecosystems

Answer 36

give a license to degrade ecosystems

Question 37

which ecosystems recovered first second and third at mt st helens

Answer 37

riparian, lacustrine, terrestrial

Question 38

common non-woody species that helped restore mt st helens area

Answer 38

lupine

Question 39

most common species found recovering in riparian areas of mt st helens

Answer 39

red alder

Question 40

something we have learned about restoration from the st helens eruption

Answer 40

ecosystems recover faster on there own then expected

Question 41

two most common conifer species found growing in the st helens blast zone

Answer 41

noble fir, doug fir

Question 42

why were some lakes unaffected by the eruption

Answer 42

they were frozen over

Question 43

lake we visited at st helens

Answer 43

coldwater

Question 44

define bioremediation

Answer 44

the process of using living organisms to clean up a site (oil spills)

Question 45

is bioremediation cheaper than other decontamination techniques

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

bioremediation started around

Answer 46

1960

Question 47

what percent of material can be treated with bioremediation

Answer 47

90%

Question 48

difference between in situ and ex situ

Answer 48

in situ is treated on site ex situ is treated off site

Question 49

bioventing

Answer 49

adding air to simulate bioremediation

Question 50

rhizofiltration

Answer 50

filtering contaminated water/soil with plant roots

Question 51

biostimulation

Answer 51

adding nutrients to simulate bioremediation

Question 52

bioaugmentation

Answer 52

adding matched microbe strains to simulate bioremediation

Question 53

phytoremediation

Answer 53

Green technology that uses plants systems for remediation, reclamation and restoration

Question 54

phytoremediation is best in deep or shallow soils

Answer 54

shallow soils

Question 55

two types of trees that have been successful at phytoremediation

Answer 55

cotton wood and willow

Question 56

the process of uptake and concentrating of contaminates by a plant is called

Answer 56

extraction

Question 57

metals that have been successful with phytoremediation

Answer 57

lead, cadmium copper nickle

Question 58

what can be done with plant material once it has extracted contaminants from the soil

Answer 58

it can be burned | moved off site and disposed of

Question 59

what is transgenic plants

Answer 59

contain genes from another species

Question 60

hyperaccumulation

Answer 60

plants that can accumulate compounds more than 100 times the surrounding environment in their tissues

Question 61

disadvantage of phytoremediation

Answer 61

only works in shallow soils