Final Written Flashcards
(30 cards)
Retrophayngeal Space (C2, C3, and C4)
Less than/equal to 7mm
7@2
Retrotracheal Space (C7)
Less than/equal to 22mm in adults, less than/equal to 14mm in children
(22@7)
ADI Space
-Space between the anterior aspect of the dens and the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of the atlas
-Upper limit: 3mm Adults/4-5mm Children
Cervical Spine Views
-AP Lower Cervical (APLC)
-Odontoid View (AP open mouth and APOM)
-Lateral Cervical (LCN, n= neutral)
-Oblique cervical view (R/L PO and R/L AO-IVFs, uncovertebral and facet joints)
Thoracic Spine Views
-AP Thoracic
-Lateral Thoracic
Lumbar Spine Views
-AP Lumboepelvis or AP Lumbosacral
-Lateral
-Lumbar Oblique (Optional): LPO=RAO-L PARS/RPO=LAP-R PARS
Kohler’s Teardrop
-A radiological landmark that is not an anatomical structure
-Ridge comprised of the anterior inferior margin of the acetabular fossa at the acetabular notch
The distance between the femoral head and Kohler’s teardrop is measured to determine if a patient has ___________
Joint effusion
Hip Views
-AP
-Frog Leg
Knee Views
-AP
-Lateral
-Intercondylar Fossa/Tunnel
Patella Views
-PA Patella
-Lateral Patella
-Sunrise
Ankle Views
-AP (Neutral)
-Medial Oblique
-Lateral
Foot Views
-Dorsoplantar
-Medial Oblique
-Lateral
Shoulder Views
-AP External Rotation
-AP Internal Rotation
-Scapular Y View
-Baby Arm (optional)
Elbow Views
-AP
-Medial Oblique
-Lateral
-Jones/Olecranon View (Optional)
Wrist Views
-Standard Views: PA, Lateral, Palmar Oblique (PPOL)
-Optional Views: Ulnar Deviation, Dorsal Oblique, Radial Deviation (RUD)
Hand Views
-PA
-Lateral View
-Palmar Oblique
(PPL)
Thumb Views
-AP
-Oblique
-Lateral
(LAO)
Who discovered radiology? And what did he call them?
-Wilhelm Roentgen (1895)
-x-syrhlen (unknown rays)
-Used in the US (1896)
Who was the first radiation induced fatality?
Clarence Dally, Thomas Edison’s chief of staff (1904)
Properties of X-Rays
-Invisible
-Expose photographic and radiographic film
-Part of the EM spectrum
-Travel at the speed of light
-Can produce biological changes by inducing molecular alterations
-Can be highly penetrating
What does it mean to be radiopaque/radiodense?
Structure too dense for xrays to go through (ie. metal)
What does it mean to be radiolucent
X-rays pass through lucent areas easily thus darkening the film; image will be darker where lucent structures or substances are
Which objects would fall under differential penetration?
(Radio-opaque to Radiolucent)
-Metal
-Bone
-Soft Tissue/Water: muscles, tendons, cartilage, organs, certain pathologies (pneumonia and tumours)
-Fat: Subcutaneous fat, pericardial/perirenal fat, fat pads, bone marrow, fatty tumours (ie lipomas)
-Air: Most lucent, most penetrated
