Finale 150 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Virginia Company
A
A joint stock company that gained a garter to establish Jamestown
2
Q
Why did Europeans come to America to colonize?
A
To get new land and spread Christianity
3
Q
Jamestown
A
Established by the Virginian company that looked for gold and silver but was saved by tobacco
4
Q
John Smith
A
Governor of Jamestown for its first two years.
Built strong relationship with Chief Powhatan
5
Q
Pocahontas
A
Known for saving John Smith’s life and bringing some peace to British/Native American relations after her marriage to Rolfe
6
Q
John Rolfe
A
Learned how to grow tobacco
Married the daughter of Chief Powhatan, Pocahontas
7
Q
Tobacco
A
Saved Jamestown
Allowed Virginian to grow and prosper
8
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion
A
Bacon led people to Jamestown and to set it on fire
Bacon died from illness
Had shown that the settlers were not content with being restricted to the coast
More land was opened up for settlement
9
Q
Plymouth Colony
A
Colony of pilgrims
10
Q
Pilgrims
A
Separatists who came to the colonies for religious freedom
11
Q
Mayflower
A
Boat that pilgrims came to America on in September 1620
12
Q
Mayflower Compact
A
A document that provided the laws and helped developed government in America
13
Q
William Bradford
A
The pilgrims were led by Will for over 30 years
Responsible for Thanksgiving
Most famous for writing Plymouth Plantation
14
Q
Squanto and Samoset
A
Befriended some pilgrims and showed them how to grow corn, beans, and squash and showed them where to hunt and fish
15
Q
Puritans
A
Protests who wanted reform
16
Q
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A
Established in 1629 by a group of Puritans that based this colony on the Bible
17
Q
John Winthrop
A
Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
18
Q
Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams
A
Both taken to trial over disregarding with Puritans and were kicked out of Massachusetts
Formed Rhode Island
19
Q
Salem Witch Trials
A
A series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witch craft where many who were falsely accused were killed
20
Q
William Penn
A
Formed Pennsylvania
Quicker that write their constitution
21
Q
Quakers
A
Believe everyone has an “inner light”to lead them to salvation
Believed that everyone was equal
Tolerant to other people’s views
Pacifists
Positive treatment towards women and Native Americans
22
Q
Pacifists
A
People who refuse to fight in wars or use force
23
Q
James Oglethorpe’s debtor and buffer colony
A
First governor of Georgia
24
Q
First Great Awakening
A
A religious revival that swept through the colonies
25
Triangular Trade
A system that slaves, crops, and manufactured goods were traded between Africa, the Caribbean and America Colonies
26
Poor Richard’s Almanack, Albany Plan of Union and Join or Die Cartoon
A group of representatives met in Albany NY, to try and discuss the possible war threat between the French and British
Cartoon written by Benjamin Franklin
27
John Peter Zenger Trial
Accused the governor of New York of corruption the New York Weekly journal and was thrown in jail
Found not guilty and helped lead us to freedom of the press
28
Cause of French and Indian War
France and Great Britain want to gain an upper hand on the other country in America
29
Proclamation of 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the French and Indian War and is the end of power in North America for the French
30
The Sugar Act
Tax on molasses to try and convince people to stop smuggling
During this British officers were allowed to seize goods without court which goes against the idea of innocent until proven guilty
31
The Stamp Act
A tax on almost all printed material in the colonies
32
Patrick Henry
Persuaded the House Of Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act and is the most anti-British political action from the colonist
33
The Boston Massacre
A fight breaks out between towns people and British soldiers
Bostonians threw stones,shovels, clubs, etc. at the soldiers
34
The Boston Tea Party
Midnight December 16, 1773 a group of colonists led by the Sons Of Liberty board an East India Trading Company Ship when it is set to be unloaded and they destroy the tea by throwing it into the Boston Harbor
Done as a result if the Tea Act
35
The Intolerable/Coercive Acts
Harsh laws intended to punish Massachusetts citizens as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party
36
Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty
A secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists and fight taxation by the British and was founded by Samuel Adams
37
John Hancock
The Liberty was owned by John Hancock, a well known protester
38
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
He called for the colonies to have complete independence from Great Britain
Believes that the colonies should be a refuge from tyrants and persecution
39
Declaration of Independence – Year, location, author, significance
July 4, 1776 in Philadelphia, written by Thomas Jefferson
| Purpose was to explain why the colonies chase to from a new nation
40
Cause of American Revolutionary War
The American people didn't want people an ocean away telling them how to live their lives
41
Loyalist
Colonists that were still loyal to Great Britain, also called Tories
20% of colonists were Loyalists
42
Patriots
Determined to fight until independence was won
43
Battle of Saratoga
Turning point of the war
| After Saratoga, France and Spain became a,lies of the colonies
44
Winter at Valley Forge
A time of terrible suffering without decent food, clothing, or shelter for Washington and his troops
45
Battle of Yorktown
The last major battle of the American Revolutionary War was the battle if Yorktown
Washington walks for 10 weeks to Yorktown, Virginia and British believe he's in New York
Cornwallis was forced to surrender
46
Benedict Arnold
Hero of battle of Saratoga
| Wife arranged to get him a higher ranking in British
47
Lead commander of the Patriots troops in the war
George Washington
48
Marquis de La Fayette
Believed that the future of America had a great influences on the future of mankind
49
Friedrich von Steuben
Drilled the troops at valley forge
50
Francis Marion
Man who helped patriots defend the south
51
guerrilla warfare
A hit and run War technique
52
Treaty of Paris 1783
Treaty that Ended the American Revolutionary War
53
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Created one territory out of the North of the Ohio River and East of the Mississippi
54
Articles of Confederation
States that each state had one vote in Congress
| Unsuccessful because of the government it provided was not strong enough to handle all of the problems of the country
55
Shays’ Rebellion
An uprising by Massachusetts farmers to fight the governments taxes on poor farmers
56
The Great Compromise
Established the model for congress used to this day
57
The 3/5 Compromise
Allowed Southern States to count slaves as 3/5 of one free person representation
58
The US Constitution – Father of, year, and purpose
Supreme law of the land
Father-James Maddison
1787
59
Bill of Rights
1st 10 amendments to the constitution
60
1st Amendment
Guarantees free speech, religion, assembly, press, and petition
61
2nd Amendment
Rights for citizens to bear arms and for states to be able to maintain a militia
62
4th Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause
63
5th Amendment
Natural rights can not be deprived without due process of law
64
6th Amendment
You have the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial
65
Three Branches of Government and their purpose
Legislature- law making branch
Executive- carries out the law
Judicial- interprets laws or presidential Acts unconstitutional
66
Whiskey Rebellion
A civil uprising against the taxing power of the Federal government
67
Alexander Hamilton
1st secretary of treasury
68
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien Act- allowed president to deport aliens
Sedition Act- A crime to speak or write false criticisms to try and weaken the government
69
Natchez Trace
Important route for trade between Mississippi and Nashville
70
John Sevier
First governor of Tennessee
71
Election of 1800
In 1817 James Monroe becomes the 5th president
72
Louisiana Purchase
France agrees to sell this land for $15 million
Includes 830,000 square miles and double the size of the US
A group of federalist threatened to secede from the Union over the purchase
73
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Sent on an expedition to explore territory and find its resources
They followed the Missouri River
Inspired people to go west and settle by sparking a sense of adventure
74
Impressment and the attack of the Chesapeake
The US ship was intercepted by a British vessel demanding to search for dissenters
The captain refused and in turn the British commander attacked
75
War Hawks from the War of 1812
People who pushed for war with Great British
76
War of 1812 – DC burned, Fort McHenry, Battle of New Orleans
British forces were able to march into Washington DC and burned the capitol and the presidents mansion down
After Fort McHenry, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write the song "The Star-Spangled Banner" and the British decided that it wasn't worth while to continue the war
Battle of New Orleans took place after peace treaty was signed
77
The Star Spangled Banner
Written by Francis Scott Key
Inspired by the Battle at Fort McHenry
78
Monroe Doctrine
Put in place due to many Latin American nations gaining independence from Spain at the time
79
Irish Potato Famine’s relationship to Immigration
Irish migrated to America because of lack of potatoes
80
Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s convention
publicly fought for women's suuferage
81
Capitalism
Individuals put their capitol into a business in hopes of making a profit
82
Free Enterprise System
People are free to buy, sell, and produce what they want and can work where they wish
83
Supply and Demand
Prices/cost is set by supply and demand
84
Number One Crop in the South in the 1800’s
Cotton
85
Industrial Revolution
The change from an agrarian society to one based on industry
86
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin – what it did and why that was important
Made collecting cotton easier and increased slavery
87
Urban vs Rural
Urban- city
Rural- Country
88
Wilderness Road
The route to Kentucky from the Atlantic Coast
89
Daniel Boone
Blazed the trail that became the wilderness road
90
Cumberland Gap
the mountains allowed for a path to be created that made a passage through the Appalachian Mountains
91
The Corrupt Bargain
Henry Clay helps John Quincy Adams become president
92
Andrew Jackson – spoils system, fight with the bank
Spoil system helps his supporters
Tried to kill banks by removing all federal funds
93
Indian Removal Act
Act passed to remove the Native America and relocate them in modern day Oklahoma
94
Trail of Tears
Relocation movement to move the Cherokee from Georgia to Oklahoma
95
Sequoyah
Known for creating the Cherokee written alphabet
96
William Henry Harrison’s Presidency
Was the shortest presidency ever that lasted 32 days
Died from pneumonia
97
Manifest Destiny
Relieved that God gave the US the destination to move all the way to the Pacific Ocean
98
Texas Rebellion
Texas declared independence in March 2, 1836 lone star republic
99
The Alamo – battle significance
Made Texas free from Mexico
100
Davy Crockett
Tennesseean who helped in the Alamo
101
Oregon Trail
Used for settlers traveling to the Pacific Northwest
102
James K Polk – President that fulfilled what?
Manifest Destiny
103
Mexican War – Border dispute, Mexican Cession
Started Mexican American war then bought New Mexican and Texas for $15 million
104
John Sutter and the California Gold Rush
Found gold in California doubled worldwide gold supply
Levi Strauss sold jeans
