FINALLLLLLL

Question 1

In binomial nomenclature, what part of the name is always capitalized?

Answer 1

Genus part

Question 2

Following the genus name the epithet name which is always _______ and ______

Answer 2

lowercase
italicized

Question 3

Yeast are _____ fungi

Answer 3

Unicellular

Question 4

Gram staining order

Answer 4

Crystal violet
Grams Iodine
Decolorizing agent
Safranin

Question 5

Life arose from non living matter is

Answer 5

spontaneous generation

Question 6

Bacteria and archaea domains are ______ cells

Answer 6

prokaryotic

Question 7

_________ is the most common cause of chronic gastritis and ulcers of stomach and duodenum

Answer 7

Helicobacter pylori

Question 8

_______ archaea prefer a concentration of salt

Answer 8

Halophilic

Question 9

_______ is the most common human intestinal parasite in the US

Answer 9

Giardia

Question 10

_____ ______ causes toxoplasmosis and can be transmitted from cat feces

Answer 10

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 11

Due to the potential for serious birth defects pregnant women need to be aware os the risk of __________ and use caution if they are exposed to the feces of infected cats

Answer 11

Toxoplasmosis

Question 12

________ __________ (after acute infection) viruses remain hidden or dormant inside of the cell.
Ex: chicken pox can reemerge as shingles

Answer 12

Latent infection

Question 13

There are no treatments for _____ ______ other than the use of proteases

Answer 13

prion infection

Question 14

Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose resulting in the net formation of

Answer 14

2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate molecules

Question 15

_________ uses an organic molecule as a final electron acceptor to regenerate NAD from NADH so that glycolysis can continue

Answer 15

Fermentation

Question 16

Most bacterial cells divide by _______ _____

Answer 16

binary fission

Question 17

________ most bacteria in this group and they grow best at neutral pH close to 7.0

Answer 17

Neutrophiles

Question 18

DNA This information is transmitted from parent to offspring through _______ ________ __________

Answer 18

Vertical gene transfer

Question 19

____________ DNA in eukaryotes includes the chromosomes found within organelles of prokaryotic origin (mitochondria and chloroplasts) that evolved by endosymbiosis

Answer 19

Extrachromosomal

Question 20

________ _______ if the mRNA codon (nonsense codon) FIX

Answer 20

Nonsense mutation

Question 21

What are the three mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer typically used by bacteria

Answer 21

Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation

Question 22

_____ ______ are bacterial enzymes produced as a protection mechanism to cut and destroy foreign cytoplasmic DNA that is most commonly a result of bacteriophage infection.

Answer 22

Restriction enzymes

Question 23

_____________ _________ allows for the rapid amplification of a specific DNA sequence

Answer 23

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 24

Our greatest concerns are _____ _____ ______ and cross resistance

Answer 24

multidrug resistant microbes

Question 25

MDR's are equally known as _____

Answer 25

superbugs

Question 26

___________ are useful for monitoring local trends in antimicrobial resistance / susceptibility and for directing appropriate selection of empiric antibacterial therapy

Answer 26

Antibiograms

Question 27

______ inanimate items that may harbor microbes and aid in their transmission

Answer 27

fomites

Question 28

______ sterilization 121 C 15 lbs pressure per sq inch for 20 min

Answer 28

autoclave

Question 29

______ infection becomes disseminated throughout the body

Answer 29

systemic

Question 30

______ lipid A component of the LPS of the gram negative cell envelope

Answer 30

Endotoxin

Question 31

_______ the study of the causes of disease and investigation of disease transmission

Answer 31

etiology

Question 32

______ the number of new cases (morbidity or mortality) during a specified time period

Answer 32

Incidence

Question 33

_____ _____ ______ provides a first line of defense

Answer 33

nonspecific innate immunity

Question 34

what are the five cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 34

erythema edema heat pain altered function

Question 35

____ most abundant antibody in human blood

Answer 35

IgG

Question 36

Immature T lymphocytes are produced in the ______ and travel to the ____ for maturation

Answer 36

red bone marrow thymus

Question 37

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 37

Localized and minor (hives or hay fever) or system wide and dangerous (systemic anaphylaxis)

Question 38

______ disease most common cause of hyperthyroidism in US antibody stimulates the thyroid

Answer 38

Graves

Question 39

Potential for laboratory and clinical use is driving the development of new cost effective solutions such as

Answer 39

plantibodies

Question 40

Laboratory test to detect antibodies and antigens OUTSIDE of the body are called

Answer 40

in vitro assays

Question 41

______ associated with hair follicle

Answer 41

folliculitis

Question 42

boils

Answer 42

furuncles

Question 43

deep lesion with multiple boils

Answer 43

carbuncles

Question 44

______ (warts) are caused by human papillomaviruses

Answer 44

papillomas

Question 45

___ _____ a fungal infection cause by over growth of Candida yeast

Answer 45

oral thrush

Question 46

Salmonella enterica cause a more severe type of salmonellosis called

Answer 46

typhoid fever

Question 47

______ the blood pressure can fall below the level necessary to. maintain proper kidney and respiratory functions a condition known as septic shock

Answer 47

Sepsis

Question 48

Staphlylococcus aureus

Answer 48

Toxic shock syndrome

Question 49

College students are required to have a vaccination against _______ ____ before entering college

Answer 49

meningococcal meningitis

Question 50

_______ fungal infections of the nervous system

Answer 50

neuromycoses