finals 1

Question 1

Study the occurrence and distribution of diseases as well as the distribution of determinants of health state or events in specified population and the application of this study to control health problems.

Answer 1

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 2

Field of science dealing with the relationship of the various factors which determine the frequencies and distribution of an infectious process, a disease, or a physiological state in human community

Answer 2

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 3

Study of the behavior of disease in the community rather than in individual patients and includes the study of reservoirs and sources of human diseases

Answer 3

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 4

is data-driven and relies on a systematic and unbiased approach to the
collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.

Answer 4

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 5

the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or
events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Answer 5

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Question 6

refers to the occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and person.

Answer 6

Pattern

Question 7

may be annual, seasonal, weekly, daily, hourly, weekday versus weekend, or any other breakdown of time that may influence disease or injury occurrence.

Answer 7

Time patterns

Question 8

include geographic variation, urban/rural differences, and location of work sites or schools.

Answer 8

Place patterns

Question 9

include demographic factors which may be related to risk of illness, injury, or disability such as age, sex, marital status, and socioeconomic status, as
well as behaviors and environmental exposures.

Answer 9

Personal characteristics

Question 10

refers not only to the number of health events such as the number of cases of
meningitis or diabetes in a population, but also to the relationship of that number to the size of the population.

Answer 10

Frequency

Question 11

Epidemiology is also used to search for __, which are the causes and other factors that influence the occurrence of disease and other health-related events.

Answer 11

determinants

Question 12

Hippocrates attempted to explain disease occurrence from a rational rather than a
supernatural viewpoint.

Answer 12

Circa 400 B.C.

Question 13

John Graunt published landmark of analysis of mortality data.

Answer 13

1662

Question 14

William Farr built upon Graunt’s work by systematically collecting and analyzing Britain’s mortality statistics.

Answer 14

1880

Question 15

An anesthesiologist named John Snow was conducting a series of investigations in London that warrant his being considered the “father of field epidemiology”.

Answer 15

1854

Question 16

Epidemiologists extended their methods to noninfectious diseases

Answer 16

1930s and 1940s

Question 17

Health workers applied epidemiologic methods to eradicate naturally occurring
smallpox worldwide

Answer 17

1960s and 1970s

Question 18

Epidemiology was extended to the studies of injuries and violence

Answer 18

1980s

Question 19

USES AND GOALS OF EPI

Answer 19

 Assessing the community’s health
 Making individual decisions
 Completing the clinical picture
 Searching for causes
 Public health surveillance
 Field investigation

Question 20

TWO MAIN AREAS OF INVESTIGATION

Answer 20

1. Describes the distribution of health status in terms of age, gender, race, geography and time
2. Patterns of disease distribution in terms of causal factor.

Question 21

In epidemiology of any disease or event, one studies the factor which contribute to its causation and behavior –

Answer 21

AGENT, HOST, ENVIRONMENT

Question 22

Epidemiologic concept maintains that there

Answer 22

can be no single cause of disease

Question 23

THE AGENT FACTORS OF DISEASE

Answer 23

 Age
 Sex
 Race
 Habits, customs and religion
 Exposure to agent
 Defense mechanism of the host

Question 24

This could be living or non-living, physical or mechanical in nature such as extremes of temperature, light, electricity

Answer 24

AGENT

Question 25

They could be chemicals – endogenous (within the body) or exogenous (poison)

Answer 25

AGENT

Question 26

Association:

Answer 26

Is a specified health outcome more likely in people with a particular "exposure"? Is there a link? Association is a statistical relationship between two variables.

Question 27

the traditional model for | infectious disease.

Answer 27

epidemiologic triad or triangle

Question 28

consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. In this model, disease results from the interaction between the agent and the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to that host.

Answer 28

epidemiologic triad or triangle

Question 29

AGENT PATHOGEN CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 29

TOXICITY, VIRULENCE, INFESTIVITY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTIBIOTIC ABILITY TO SURVIVE OUTSIDE THE BODY

Question 30

AGENT INTERVENTION

Answer 30

ERADICATE | GENETICALLY MODIFY

Question 31

INTERVENTION FOR PATHOGEN TO ENVIRONMENT

Answer 31

REMOVE BREEDING GROUNDS | IMPROVE SANITATION

Question 32

CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENT

Answer 32

CLIMATE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE SOCIAL STRUCTURE POPULATION DENSITY

Question 33

INTERVENTION OF ENVIRONMENT

Answer 33

HOUSING QUALITY SANITATIO, WATER PREVENTIVE SERVICES

Question 34

INTERVENTION FROM ENVIRONMENT TO HOST

Answer 34

EDUCATE CHANGE ACTIVITY PATTERNS QUARANTINE

Question 35

HOST CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 35

``` AGE PRIOR EXPOSURE SUCEPTIBILITY CO-INFECTION IMMUNE RESPONSE ```

Question 36

HOST INTERVENTION

Answer 36

TREAT, ISOLATE IMMUNIZE NUTRITION

Question 37

INTERVENTION FROM HOST TO AGENT

Answer 37

PROTECT EDUCATE ALTER EXPOSURE