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Middle School Geography > Finals 1 > Flashcards

Finals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Geography

A

The study of the earth and of human activity.

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2
Q

Globe

A

3-D spherical representation of the earth.

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3
Q

Map

A

2-D representation of the earth.

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4
Q

Map Projection

A

A way of drawing the earth’s surface to reduce distortion (2-D)

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5
Q

Movement

A

The movement of people or movement between people

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6
Q

Region

A

An area defined by common characteristics

Language
Culture
Region
etc

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7
Q

Human-Environment Interaction

A

Human adaptation and/or modification to its environment

wearing jacket

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8
Q

Absolute Location

A

Exact location of a place

Longitude/Latitude

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9
Q

Relative Location

A

Descriptions of a place in relation to another

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10
Q

Physical Characteristics

A

Things defined by nature or mountains

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11
Q

Human Characteristics

A

Things that come from humans

Roads

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12
Q

Hemisphere

A

Imaginary line that divides the earth into two halves

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13
Q

Equator

A

Imaginary line that divides the earth into North and South

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14
Q

Prime Meridian

A

Longitude line that divides the earth into East and West

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15
Q

Longitude

A

Imaginary lines that go East and West of the Prime Meridian

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16
Q

Lattitude

A

Imaginary lines that gos North and South of the Equator

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17
Q

Physical Map

A

Shows naturally made landmarks such as rivers, lakes and mountains.

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18
Q

Political Map

A

Shows the boundaries of countries, states, and counties.

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19
Q

Weather Map

A

Shows climate and weather conditions such as temperature, rain, and snow.

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20
Q

Road Map

A

Shows transportation routes and roads in a particular area.

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21
Q

Time Zones

A

Standard time for an area of a geographical location

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22
Q

Isthmus

A

A narrow strip of land that connects to lands (mainly countries/continents).

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23
Q

Mountains

A

An area of raised land that have a POINTY top

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24
Q

Hills

A

A raised area of land that has a ROUND top.

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25
Q

Plateau

A

A raised area of land that has a FLAT top

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26
Q

Valley

A

A low area of land between mountains or hills.

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27
Q

Peninsula

A

A piece of land that extends outward and is surrounded by water on all but one sides.

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28
Q

Archipelago

A

A collection of smaller islands with one main big island.

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29
Q

Lake

A

A small body of water completely surrounded by land.

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30
Q

River

A

A major stream of water that typically flows to the ocean.

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31
Q

Culture

A

A way of life of a group of people who share traditions, interests, and beliefs.

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32
Q

Cultural Hearths

A

A place where civilizations began.

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33
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

The spread of people, ideas, practices, and goods from one culture to another.

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34
Q

Democracy

A

People who vote for their leader

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35
Q

Republic

A

Ruled by representative

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36
Q

Constitutional Monarchy

A

Mixed-from of government between the kind/queen and a representative body (Parliament)

37
Q

Communist

A

Government owns everything and all decisions are made for the masses.

38
Q

Capitalism

A

Economic system where private businesses operate with little government interference.

39
Q

Socialism

A

Economic system where government decides how resources will be used and distributed.

40
Q

2-Major Mountains in the U.S.

A

Rocky Mountains
Appalachian Mountains

41
Q

Major River in the U.S.

A

Mississippi River

42
Q

5-Great Lakes in the U.S.

A

Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Eerie, and Superior.

43
Q

From what land Bridge did the first Natives travel on to get to the Americas?

A

Bering Land Bridge

44
Q

Which 3-European nations colonized North America?

A

Spain, France, and Great Britain.

45
Q

Europeans came to the Americas for what reason?

A

Farming
Valuable minerals (gold)
Political Freedom
Religious Freedom

46
Q

Resources within the Northern England Colonies

A

Fishing
Shipbuilding
Trade
Manufacturing

47
Q

Resources within the Southern England Colonies

A

Crops - tobacco
Enslaved Africans

48
Q

What year did the 13-colonies fight for independence?

A

1775

49
Q

Which two groups colonized Canada?

A

France
Great Britain

50
Q

When did Lower and Upper Canada Unite?

A

1841

51
Q

What is multicultural

A

Someone who has more than one culture.

52
Q

What is Bilingual?

A

Having and speaking two languages.

53
Q

What 2 countries did Spain colonize?

A

Central America
South America

54
Q

What U.S. states did Spain once own?

A

Florida, Texas, New Mexico, and California.

55
Q

Latin America is in which hemisphere?

A

Western Hemisphere

56
Q

Latin America’s Land area includes what?

A

Mexico and Central America
Caribbean Islands and South America

57
Q

What do Latin American nations share similar?

A

History, culture, traditions, languages (Spanish and Portuguese).

58
Q

What Series of mountains are in Mexico?

A

Sierra Mountains

59
Q

Central America is what type of landform?

A

Isthmus

60
Q

what kind of feature is the Panama Canal? What does it provide?

A

man-made feature
proves a “short cut” to travel between the Pacificand Atlantic oceans.

61
Q

What mountains run 4,500 miles along the West Coast of South America?

A

Andes Mountains

62
Q

The largest tropical rainforest in South America is what?

A

Amazon Rainforest

63
Q

The Amazon rainforest is nicknamed what?

A

Lungs of the Earth

64
Q

The 2nd longest river in the world is what?

A

Amazon River

65
Q

What were the 3-major native civilizations to exist in Meso- and South America?

A

Maya
Aztec
Inca

66
Q

Who were the Mayanas?

A

Lived in Modern day Guatemala, Belize, and Yucatan Peninsula
Created the Mayan Calendar
We don’t know why they disappeared

67
Q

Who were the Aztecs?

A

Lived in Modern day Guatemala, Belize, and Yucatan Peninsula
Capital was Tenochtitlan (Mexico city)

68
Q

Who were the Incas?

A

Lived in the Andes Mountains of Peru.
Known for the terrace farming.
Conquered by Spanish Conquistador Francisco Pizarro

69
Q

Colonial Period

A

Time when European nations ruled the colonies of South America

70
Q

Agriculture

A

Farming

71
Q

Ecotourism

A

The practice of using the natural environment to attract tourists.

72
Q

Cacao

A

A tree that produces seeds used for making chocolate and cococa

73
Q

Maize

A

corn

74
Q

Mestizos

A

People descended from Native Americans and Portuguese settlers.

75
Q

Chinampa

A

Artificial floating islands for farming/agricultural purposes (made by Aztecs).

76
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish Soldiers

77
Q

Quipu

A

Colored knots used to record historical events (made by Incas).

78
Q

Duty Free

A

Without taxes

79
Q

Literacy

A

The ability to read and write.

80
Q

Ethnic Groups

A

Group of people that share the same national identity, culture, languages, etc.

81
Q

Fjords

A

Narrow WATERWAYS along the coast of Norway often fed by glaciers

82
Q

Two Ancient Civilizations of Europe that serves as the foundation of Western civilizations are?

A

Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome

83
Q

Briefly describe the Middle Ages

A

Came after the fall of the Roman Empire
Central Government is replaced with feudalism - nobles are in control of their lands
Church became powerful
Jews settled in Eastern Europe
Islam spread to Spain

84
Q

What were Crusades?

A

Fight between Christians and Muslims for Jerusalem/Palestine (Holy Land)

85
Q

Briefly describe the Renaissance Period

A

Period of great growth in art, architecture, music, and science from the 1300s to 1600s.

86
Q

When did Europeans start exploring the world?

A

1400s
Lead to trade increase, including slave trade and the colonization of countries.

87
Q

What two World Wars occurred in Europe?

A

World War I

World War II

88
Q

What is the European Union (EU)?

A

European Union - Creating in the 90s to help European countries align and compete by eliminating trade and travel restrictions
Common Currency - Euro

89
Q

What are some other things to keep in mind?

A

For the final, you will be assessed on identifying absolute locations. You will also be assessed on written responses to a short reading regarding Europe..

Middle School Geography (4 decks)

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