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AP Human Geography > FINALS!!!! > Flashcards

FINALS!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

what is environmental determinism?

A

a racist, old-fashioned idea that the environment of a place DETERMINES what the people are like.
- “people from certain climates are superior”

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2
Q

what is relative location?

A

where something is in relation to other things
(situation!)

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3
Q

what is absolute location?

A

a mathematical location given with a coordinate point

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4
Q

what is the crude birth rate?

A

the number of babies born per 1,000 biological women in a year

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5
Q

what is the crude death rate?

A

the number of people who die in a year divided by the number of people exposed to risk of death

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6
Q

what is the TFR?

A

total fertility rate
number of babies born in one year to women in a reproductive age range (15-49)

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7
Q

what is arithmetic population density?

A

total population divded by total amount of land

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8
Q

what is physiological population density?

A

total population divded by amount of ARABLE land, i.e. farmland or cropland

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9
Q

what is agricultural population density?

A

number of FARMERS per unit of land

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10
Q

what is ethnocentrism?

A

Evaluation of others’ cultures according to your own preconceptions and customs of your culture. Having a hard time seeing past your own biases.

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11
Q

what is acculturation?

A

the process of social, psychological, and cultural change that stems from the balancing of two cultures while adapting to the culture of a society.

Croatian, come to USA, BLEND with dominant culture BALANCED. Learn English but speak Croatian at home.

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12
Q

what is assimilation?

A

a minority group that moves to a major country and assumes their culture as their own. comes to resemble the group, fully! Becomes the stereotypical of that country. Doesn’t speak Spanish anymore, votes Republican, etc.

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13
Q

what is the difference between acculturation and assimilation?

A

acculturation is balancing the two cultures and keeping aspects of both. assimilation is fully accepting one culture and giving up the other culture

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14
Q

what is relocation diffusion?

A

When people physically migrate and bring their culture with them

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15
Q

what is expansion diffusion?

A

When an idea stays where it started, but spreads too. (Still pop in USA) Hollywood films

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16
Q

what is hierarchial diffusion?

A

An idea that spreads from the top down, spread by influencers or people with power. Colonization.

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17
Q

what is contagious diffusion?

A

An idea that spreads from person to person, like a cold. Going viral

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18
Q

what is stimulus diffusion?

A

The farther something spreads, the more it changes. Like a game of telephone. Mc Donalds

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19
Q

what is maladaptive diffusion?

A

where something from one culture spreads to another place, but doesn’t fit with the culture there and isn’t popular. E.g. Malls in China. no one goes

20
Q

what is a stateless nation?

A

a nation of people that don’t have a state of their own. Like the KURBS, or the NAVAJO

21
Q

what are nation-states?, multi-nation states, and multi-state nations?

A
  1. Japanese live in Japan
  2. America, many nationalities living in 1 state
  3. Koreans spread over North and South Korea
22
Q

what is a primate city?

A

a city that is at least twice the population of the next largest city

23
Q

a what is a world city?

A

a city that is a major powerhouse in its country, and known globally. (e.g. Paris, London, Mexico City)

24
Q

what is the difference between a primate city and a world city?

A

a primate city is defined by POPULATION
a world city is defined by INFLUENCE

25
Q

what is the rank-size rule?

A

A written model. “The nth largest settlement in a region is 1/n the population of THE LARGEST settlement in the region”

26
Q

what are characteristics/functions of a bulk gaining industry?

A

Factory assembles everything to gain more bulk.
INPUTS are small/light(er) than final product
FINAL PRODUCT is big, heavy to transport
Assembly plant located near market, and the parts that build it are shipped farther to the plant than export is
Ex. car parts (seat, belt, wheel) to make car

27
Q

what are the characteristics and functions of a bulk-reducing industry?

A

Factory reduces bulk as it operates
INPUTS are big/expensive to transport
FINAL PRODUCT is a small fidget, light
Manufacturing plant located near inputs, and smaller final product is shipped farther (cheaper to ship)
Ex. tons of lumber making boxes of pencils

28
Q

what is a primary sector economy?

A

extraction. mining, farming, etc

29
Q

what is a secondary sector economy?

A

manufacturing. making cars, etc

30
Q

what is a tertiary sector economy?

A

service. medical, entertainment, information, etc

31
Q

what is a quaternary/quinary sectory economy?

A

information processing, management

biomedical sciences, research, specialization

32
Q

what is the HDI based on?

A

education years, life expectancy, average income. higher is better!

33
Q

what is GDP?

A

Gross Domestic Product (value of goods and services, even those that are not sold, by a country)

34
Q

what is GNI?

A

Gross National Income (total amount of money EARNED by a nation’s people and businesses. NOT avg income)

35
Q

what is opportunity cost?

A

the value given up by choosing to do one activity over the other one. what you miss out on

36
Q

what is Rostow’s model?

A

Rostow’s Stages of Development
Traditional Society
Pre-Conditions for Takeoff
Takeoff
Drive to Maturity
Age of Mass Consumption

37
Q

what is Wallerstein’s model?

A

Core and Periphery Countries

38
Q

what is comparative advantage?

A

a country’s ability to produce a product or service at a lower opportunity cost than other countries

38
Q

at what stage of the DTM does the death rate drop?

A

stage 2

39
Q

at what stage of the DTM does the birth rate drop:?

A

stage 3

40
Q

at what stage of the DTM does population growth SLOW?

A

stage 4

41
Q

what stage of the DTM looks like a triangle on the population pyramid?

A

stage 2

42
Q

what stage of the DTM looks like a triangle or rounded dome with a pretty much vertical bottom?

A

stage 3/4

43
Q

what is the hierarchy of political-administrative units?

A

Biggest to Smallest, borders of a place
Continent>Country>50 States>Counties>Cities

44
Q

what is the largest stateless nation?

A

the Kurds!

AP Human Geography (6 decks)

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