FINALS

Question 1

it contains only specificvalues

Answer 1

discrete spectrum

Question 2

it contains all possible values

Answer 2

continuous spectrum

Question 3

factors affecting x-ray emission

Answer 3

effect of mA and mAs
effect of kVp
effect of added filtration
effect of target material
effect of voltage wavefrom

Question 4

what happens if the right spectrum is farther to the right

Answer 4

higher energy/quality of x-ray beam

Question 5

what happens if the area under the curve is large

Answer 5

higher intensity/x-ray quantity

Question 6

distance of 1 crest to another

Answer 6

wavelength

Question 7

height of crest, 1/2 the range from crest to valley over which the sine wave varies

Answer 7

amplitude

Question 8

if we increase kVp by 15%, what happens to mAs

Answer 8

increase by 2

Question 9

5 voltage waveforms

Answer 9

half-wave rectified, full-wave rectified, three-phase six pulse, three-phase twelve pulse, high frequency waveform

Question 10

an increase in current results in

Answer 10

increased quantity, no change in quality

Question 11

an increase in voltage results in

Answer 11

increased quantity and quality

Question 12

an increase in added filtration results in

Answer 12

decreased quantity and increased quality

Question 13

an increase in target material results in

Answer 13

increased quantity and quality

Question 14

an increase in voltage ripple results in

Answer 14

decrease quantity and quality

Question 15

x-ray quantity is also called

Answer 15

x-ray intensity/radiation exposure

Question 16

it is the number of x-rays in the useful beam

Answer 16

x-ray quantity

Question 17

x-ray quantity can be measured in

Answer 17

R, mGya, mGya/mAs, mR/mn, mR/mA

Question 18

factors affecting x-ray quantity

Answer 18

mAs, kVp, distance, filtration

Question 19

when this is doubled, number of electrons striking the tube target is doubled, therefore, the number of x-rays emitted is doubled

Answer 19

mAs

Question 20

if this is doubled, x-ray intensity would increase by a factor of four

Answer 20

kvp

Question 21

this results to x-ray beam reduces patient dose and reduce number of low-energy x-rays that reach the patient

Answer 21

filtration

Question 22

disadvantage of filtration

Answer 22

reduced image contrast

Question 23

these contribute nothing to radiograph; it does not penetrate the patient but only increases patient dose as it is absorbed by superficial tissues

Answer 23

low-energy x-rays

Question 24

the ability of x-ray beam to pass through tissue

Answer 24

penetrability

Question 25

high penetrability is called as

Answer 25

high quality x-rays

Question 26

low penetrability is called as

Answer 26

low quality x-rays

Question 27

x-ray quality is identified numerically by

Answer 27

HVL

Question 28

it is the reduction in x-ray intensity resulting from absorption and scattering, best method for specifying x-ray quality

Answer 28

half-value layer

Question 29

usual material of filtration as it is efficient in removal of low-energy photons from x-ray beam

Answer 29

aluminum

Question 30

an important quality control test to measure whether or not there is sufficient filtration in the x-ray beam to remove low energy radiations

Answer 30

half value layer

Question 31

a diagnostic x-ray beam usually has an hvl in the range of

Answer 31

3-5 Al or 3-6 cm of soft tissue

Question 32

it calculates reductions of exposure and quality of x-ray beam

Answer 32

half value layer

Question 33

factors affecting x-ray quality

Answer 33

kVp, filtration,

Question 34

an increase in kVp results in

Answer 34

increased beam quality, quantity and hvl

Question 35

increased mAs results in

Answer 35

no effect in quality, increased in quantity

Question 36

increased distance results in

Answer 36

no effect in quality, decreased quantity

Question 37

its primary purpose to an x-ray beam is selectively to remove low-energy x-rays that have little chance of getting to the IR

Answer 37

filtration

Question 38

types of filtration

Answer 38

added, inherent

Question 39

located in glass enclosure and amount of filtration is provided by x-ray tube

Answer 39

inherent filtration

Question 40

a special purpose of tube such as used in mammography and made up of beryllium that has inherent filtration of

Answer 40

.1 mm Al

Question 41

inherent filtration of a general purpose x-ray tube is

Answer 41

.5 mm Al

Question 42

thin sheet of aluminum positioned between the protective x-ray tube housing and x-ray beam collimator is its usual form

Answer 42

added filtration

Question 43

thickness of added filtration

Answer 43

1-3 mm Al

Question 44

usual 2 sources that totals to 2-3 mm Al

Answer 44

first and second

Question 45

1-2 mm sheets of Al that are permanently installed in the part of x-ray tube housing, between the housing and collimator

Answer 45

first

Question 46

1 mm Al silver surface of the mirror in the collimator

Answer 46

second

Question 47

compensating filter

Answer 47

trough filter, bow-tie, step wedge, wedge, cconic filters

Question 48

compensating filter used for chest radiography

Answer 48

trough filter

Question 49

compensating filter used for ct and shape of head

Answer 49

bow-tie

Question 50

compensating filter used for long secction of anatomy such as translumbar, femoral arteriography, venography

Answer 50

step wedge

Question 51

compensating filter used for foot

Answer 51

wedge

Question 52

compensating filter used for digital fluoroscopy

Answer 52

conic filters