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ORTHODONTICS > FINALS > Flashcards

FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

The forerunner of cephalometry

A

Craniometry

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2
Q

It involves the measurement of craniofacial dimensions of skulls of dead persons

A

Cephalometry

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3
Q

This method was not practical in living individuals due to soft tissue envelope that made direct measurement difficult and far reliable

A

Cephalometry

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4
Q

it is the assessment of craniofacial structures that forms a part of orthodontic diagnosis

A

Craniometry

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5
Q

It is the modification of anthropological studies and craniometry

A

Cephalometry

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6
Q

At this year, PACINI published the first paper on cephalometry

A

1922

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7
Q

at 1922, who published the first paper on cephalometry

A

Pacini

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8
Q

at this year, Broadent (usa) and Hofrath (Germany) introduced and popularized cephalometry

A

1931

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9
Q

in 1931, they introduced and popularized Cephalometry

A

Broadent (usa) and Hofrath (Germany)

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10
Q

He introduced the clinical application of cephalometry

A

Downs

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11
Q

This cephalometric radiography uses two x ray sources and two film holders

A

Broadent bolton type

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12
Q

this radiography can be taken without moving the subject due to the presence of Lateral and anteroposterior cephalograms

A

Broadent bolton type

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13
Q

This radiography uses one x ray source and one film holder

A

highleys type cephalometry

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14
Q

difference of broadent bolton type and Highley’s type radiography

A

Broadent: 2 xray sources, 2 film holders, no moving of subject
Highley: 1 xray source, 1 film holder, patient is repositioned (less reliable)

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15
Q

these are taken using an apparatus that consist of an xray source and a head holding device

A

Cephalometric radiograph

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16
Q

It is the head holding device in the cephalometric apparsatus

A

Cephalostat

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17
Q

It consists of two ear rods preventing movement of head

A

Cephalostat

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18
Q

How is vertical stabilization achieved in cephalometric radiograph

A

By orbital pointer contacting lower border of orbit

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19
Q

in cephalometry radiograph, distance between xray source and midsagittal plane of the patient is fixed at __

A

5 ft

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20
Q

in positioning the patient, this should be parallel to the floor

A

Frankfort Horizontal plane

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21
Q

Exposure parameters
__ Kvp

A

75-80

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22
Q

Exposure parameters
__ ma

A

7-8

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23
Q

Exposure parameters
__ sec

A

0.8

24
Q

Positioning the patient

A

Frankfort horizontal plane should be parallel to floor
Ear rods stabilize patient on the horizontal plant
Patient is made to close the mouth in centric occlusion
Orbital pointer should be fixed for vertical plane stabilization of patient

25
Q

Types of view in cephalogram

A

Lateral cephalogram and frontal cephalogram

26
Q

uses of cephalogram

A
  • orthodontic diagnosis
  • classification of skeletal and dental anomalies
  • formulating a treatment plan of an individual
  • evaluation of treatment results
  • predicting growth related changes
27
Q

the midpoint of sella tursica

A

S (Sella)

28
Q

Sella abbv. and location

A

S- midpoint of sella turcica

29
Q

the extreme anterior point of the frontonasal sutures

A

N (Nasion)

29
Q

Nasion abbv. and location

A

N - extreme anterior point on frontonasal sutures

30
Q

lowest point on the inferior rim of the orbit

A

Or (Orbitale)

30
Q

Orbitale abbv. and location

A

Or - lowest point on the inferior rim of orbit

30
Q

Extreme anterior point on the maxilla

A

ANS (anterior nasal spine)

31
Q

Anterior nasal spine abbv. and location

A

ANS (extreme anterior point of maxilla)

32
Q

The extreme posterior point on the maxila

A

PNS (Posterior nasal spine)

33
Q

Posterior nasal spine abbv. and location

A

PNS - extreme posterior point of maxilla

34
Q

Extreme superior point of the pterygopalatine fossa

A

Pt (Pterygoid point)

35
Q

Deepest point on the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process

A

Point A (subspinale)

36
Q

Subspinale abbv. and location

A

Point A - deepest point on the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process

37
Q

Pterygoid point abbv. and location

A

Pt - extreme superior point of the pterygopalatine fossa

38
Q

Deepest point in the curvature of the mandibular alveolar process

A

Point B - Supramentale

39
Q

Supramentale abbv. and location

A

Point B - deepest point in the curvature of the mandibular alveolar process

40
Q

Extreme anterio point of the chin

A

Pog (pogonion)

41
Q

Pogonion abbv. and location

A

Pog - extreme anterior point of the chin

42
Q

Extreme inferior point of the chin

A

Me (menton)

43
Q

Menton abbv. and location

A

Me - extreme inferior point of the chin

44
Q

Midpoint between pogonion and menton

A

Gn (Gnathion)

45
Q

Gnathion abbv. and location

A

Gn - midpoint between pogonion and menton

46
Q

Most superiorly position point of the external auditory meatus located using the ear rods of the cephalostat

A

Po (Porion)

47
Q

Porion abbv. and location

A

Po - Most superiorly position point of the external auditory meatus located using the ear rods of the cephalostat

48
Q

Defined as the art of measuring skulls so as to discover their specific differences

A

Craniometry

49
Q

Who discovered and when was xrays discovered?

A

Roentgen 1895

50
Q

Differences between traditional and digital cephalometric radiograph

A
  • Image capture
  • image processing and storage
  • image quality and manipulation
  • accessibility and sharing
51
Q

tracing supplies and equipment

A
  • Lateral cephalogram
  • acetate matte tracing paper
  • Sharp drawing pencil or very fine felt-tipped pen
  • masking tape
  • few sheets of cardboard
  • protractor and tooth symbol tracing template
  • dental cast
  • viewbox
  • pencil sharpener and eraser
52
Q
A

ORTHODONTICS (2 decks)

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