FINALS

Question 1

The forerunner of cephalometry

Answer 1

Craniometry

Question 2

It involves the measurement of craniofacial dimensions of skulls of dead persons

Answer 2

Cephalometry

Question 3

This method was not practical in living individuals due to soft tissue envelope that made direct measurement difficult and far reliable

Answer 3

Cephalometry

Question 4

it is the assessment of craniofacial structures that forms a part of orthodontic diagnosis

Answer 4

Craniometry

Question 5

It is the modification of anthropological studies and craniometry

Answer 5

Cephalometry

Question 6

At this year, PACINI published the first paper on cephalometry

Answer 6

1922

Question 7

at 1922, who published the first paper on cephalometry

Answer 7

Pacini

Question 8

at this year, Broadent (usa) and Hofrath (Germany) introduced and popularized cephalometry

Answer 8

1931

Question 9

in 1931, they introduced and popularized Cephalometry

Answer 9

Broadent (usa) and Hofrath (Germany)

Question 10

He introduced the clinical application of cephalometry

Answer 10

Downs

Question 11

This cephalometric radiography uses two x ray sources and two film holders

Answer 11

Broadent bolton type

Question 12

this radiography can be taken without moving the subject due to the presence of Lateral and anteroposterior cephalograms

Answer 12

Broadent bolton type

Question 13

This radiography uses one x ray source and one film holder

Answer 13

highleys type cephalometry

Question 14

difference of broadent bolton type and Highley’s type radiography

Answer 14

Broadent: 2 xray sources, 2 film holders, no moving of subject
Highley: 1 xray source, 1 film holder, patient is repositioned (less reliable)

Question 15

these are taken using an apparatus that consist of an xray source and a head holding device

Answer 15

Cephalometric radiograph

Question 16

It is the head holding device in the cephalometric apparsatus

Answer 16

Cephalostat

Question 17

It consists of two ear rods preventing movement of head

Answer 17

Cephalostat

Question 18

How is vertical stabilization achieved in cephalometric radiograph

Answer 18

By orbital pointer contacting lower border of orbit

Question 19

in cephalometry radiograph, distance between xray source and midsagittal plane of the patient is fixed at __

Answer 19

5 ft

Question 20

in positioning the patient, this should be parallel to the floor

Answer 20

Frankfort Horizontal plane

Question 21

Exposure parameters
__ Kvp

Answer 21

75-80

Question 22

Exposure parameters
__ ma

Answer 22

7-8

Question 23

Exposure parameters
__ sec

Answer 23

0.8

Question 24

Positioning the patient

Answer 24

Frankfort horizontal plane should be parallel to floor
Ear rods stabilize patient on the horizontal plant
Patient is made to close the mouth in centric occlusion
Orbital pointer should be fixed for vertical plane stabilization of patient

Question 25

Types of view in cephalogram

Answer 25

Lateral cephalogram and frontal cephalogram

Question 26

uses of cephalogram

Answer 26

- orthodontic diagnosis - classification of skeletal and dental anomalies - formulating a treatment plan of an individual - evaluation of treatment results - predicting growth related changes

Question 27

the midpoint of sella tursica

Answer 27

S (Sella)

Question 28

Sella abbv. and location

Answer 28

S- midpoint of sella turcica

Question 29

the extreme anterior point of the frontonasal sutures

Answer 29

N (Nasion)

Question 29

Nasion abbv. and location

Answer 29

N - extreme anterior point on frontonasal sutures

Question 30

lowest point on the inferior rim of the orbit

Answer 30

Or (Orbitale)

Question 30

Orbitale abbv. and location

Answer 30

Or - lowest point on the inferior rim of orbit

Question 30

Extreme anterior point on the maxilla

Answer 30

ANS (anterior nasal spine)

Question 31

Anterior nasal spine abbv. and location

Answer 31

ANS (extreme anterior point of maxilla)

Question 32

The extreme posterior point on the maxila

Answer 32

PNS (Posterior nasal spine)

Question 33

Posterior nasal spine abbv. and location

Answer 33

PNS - extreme posterior point of maxilla

Question 34

Extreme superior point of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 34

Pt (Pterygoid point)

Question 35

Deepest point on the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process

Answer 35

Point A (subspinale)

Question 36

Subspinale abbv. and location

Answer 36

Point A - deepest point on the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process

Question 37

Pterygoid point abbv. and location

Answer 37

Pt - extreme superior point of the pterygopalatine fossa

Question 38

Deepest point in the curvature of the mandibular alveolar process

Answer 38

Point B - Supramentale

Question 39

Supramentale abbv. and location

Answer 39

Point B - deepest point in the curvature of the mandibular alveolar process

Question 40

Extreme anterio point of the chin

Answer 40

Pog (pogonion)

Question 41

Pogonion abbv. and location

Answer 41

Pog - extreme anterior point of the chin

Question 42

Extreme inferior point of the chin

Answer 42

Me (menton)

Question 43

Menton abbv. and location

Answer 43

Me - extreme inferior point of the chin

Question 44

Midpoint between pogonion and menton

Answer 44

Gn (Gnathion)

Question 45

Gnathion abbv. and location

Answer 45

Gn - midpoint between pogonion and menton

Question 46

Most superiorly position point of the external auditory meatus located using the ear rods of the cephalostat

Answer 46

Po (Porion)

Question 47

Porion abbv. and location

Answer 47

Po - Most superiorly position point of the external auditory meatus located using the ear rods of the cephalostat

Question 48

Defined as the art of measuring skulls so as to discover their specific differences

Answer 48

Craniometry

Question 49

Who discovered and when was xrays discovered?

Answer 49

Roentgen 1895

Question 50

Differences between traditional and digital cephalometric radiograph

Answer 50

- Image capture - image processing and storage - image quality and manipulation - accessibility and sharing

Question 51

tracing supplies and equipment

Answer 51

- Lateral cephalogram - acetate matte tracing paper - Sharp drawing pencil or very fine felt-tipped pen - masking tape - few sheets of cardboard - protractor and tooth symbol tracing template - dental cast - viewbox - pencil sharpener and eraser