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NCM 109 > finals > Flashcards

finals Flashcards

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1
Q

Causative agent (staphylococcal food poisoning)

A

Staphylococcal enterotoxin by staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q

Intubation period of staphylococcal food poisioning

A

1-7 hours

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3
Q

Assessment (staphylococcal food poisoning)

A

Severe vomiting/diarrhea, excessive salivation, abdominal cramping, and nausea w/in 2-6 hrs of eating

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4
Q

Therapeutic management (staphylococcal food poisoning)

A

Fluid and electrolyte replacement, drug; cefotaxime

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5
Q

Most common poisoning ing ages 2-3

A

Poisoning as unintentional injury

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6
Q

Best method to deactivate a swallowed poison

A

Activated charcoal

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7
Q

Drug frequently involved in childhood poisoning

A

Acetaminophen

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8
Q

If acetaminophen taken in large doses it can cause

A

Liver destruction

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9
Q

Happen after digesting acetaminophen

A

Nausea, anorexia, vomiting

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10
Q

Diagnostic tests (acetaminophen poisoning)

A

Serum aspartate/alanine transaminase

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11
Q

Assessment (acetaminophen poisoning)

A

Jaundice and tenderness of liver

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12
Q

Therapeutic management of acetaminophen poisoning

A

Activated charcoal, acetylcysteine - antidote

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13
Q

Cause of caustic poisonig

A

Ingestion of strong alkali (lye)

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14
Q

Main complications og caustic poisoning

A

Burns and tissue necrosis on mouth, esophagus, and stomach = respiratory complications

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15
Q

Therapeutic management of caustic poisoning

A

Intubation and strong analgesics (morphine)

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16
Q

Major effect of hydrocarbon ingestion

A

Respiratory irritation

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17
Q

Its is corrosive to gastric mucosa

A

Iron poisoning

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18
Q

After 6hrs iron poisoning can cause

A

Necrosis of the lining of GI tract

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19
Q

After 12hrs iron poisoning can cause

A

Melena, hematemesis, lethargy and coma, cyanosis, vasomotor collapse

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20
Q

Therapeutic management of iron poisoning

A

Stomach lavage, cathartic to pass iron pills, maalox or mylanta for decreasing gastric irritation and pain

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21
Q

Interferes with red blood cell function

A

Lead poisoning

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22
Q

Most serious effect of lead poisoning

A

Lead encephalitis

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23
Q

Assessment

A

Successive blood lead levels >10mg/dL

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24
Q

Therapeutic management of lead poisoning

A

> 15mg/dL : child remove from environment

> 20mg/dL : oral chelating (succimer)

> 45ml/dL : enhalation theraphy (dimercaprol or edetate calcium disodium

Injections of EDTA

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25
Accidental ingestion or through skin/respiratory contact with area recently sprayed
Pesticide poisoning
26
Therapeutic management of pesticide poisoning
Activated charcoal Clothing contaminated; remove it Intravenous atropine
27
Leading cause of death in children and adolescent
Accidents
28
Intentional/unintentional damage to body due to external agent, children are most prone to it
Injury
29
A common rheumatologic disease, shares a common manifestation of chronic joint inflammation
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
30
Female are prone to rheumatoid arthritis because of
Fluctuations of the female hormones
31
Clinical manifestation of JRA
Arthritis, loss of motion, synovitis, swelling, and joint inflammation
32
Management of RA
Exercise, synovectomy, osteotomy and arthrodesis, total hip and knee replacement
33
Anti inflammatory drugs for JRA
NSAIDs, Disease-modifying anti rheumatic drugs, Corticosteroids, immonomodulators
34
A scoliosis problem not involving the spine Curvature is flexible
Functional Scoliosis
35
Spine curvature is not flexible does not go away when changing position
Structural Scoliosis
36
Signs of scoliosis
Uneven shoulders/hips, curve of spine
37
Nonsurgical treatments
Electrical stimulation (at night) Braces (Boston braces or TLSO) Pedicle screw instrumentation Halo traction
38
Surgical management
- Growing rods - Localizer cast - Traction to the pelvis through another sling - Pediatric Isola spine system
39
Deformities associated with scoliosis
Kyphosis (humpback) Lordosis (swayback)
40
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder and a common behavioral disorder in children that’s chracterized by three persistent patterns of …
Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
41
ADHD: premature delivery
Because they experience disruptions in brain maturation and development, like regions in attention, impulse control, and executive function
42
ADHD: low birth weight
They have underdeveloped brains and reduced neural connectivity
43
ADHD: Alcohol, smoking and drugs
Affects fetal brain development, especially normal neural growth and function
44
ADHD: exposure to environmental toxins
Lead, neurotoxin that can impair cognitive function and behavior
45
Exposure to organophosphate pesticides
Pesticides are neurotoxic
46
Behavioral psychotherapy
Diminishes uncertain expectations and increase organization; used w/ medication regimen
47
Psychosocial interventions
Behavioral prent training and behavioral classroom management: used in conjunction with psychopharmacological approaches
48
Cognitive therapy for adults with ADHD
Helps time management making it easier for adults with ADHD to counter anxiety and depressive symptoms
49
Stimulants
May supress the appetite and affect child’s growth
50
Atomoxetine (strattera)
First line treatment
51
Tricyclic antidepressants
have many potential adverse effects (dry mouth, headaches, blurred vision) making them are rarely used
52
Nursing managemwnt for ADHD
Appropriate memory retraining techniques Ventilation of feelings Use simple and direct instructions Implement scheduled routine every day Avoid stimulating and distracting settings Give positive reinforcement
53
Complex disorder not diagnosed medically but through behavioral observation and screening
Autism
54
When symptoms of autism occur
At 6months, established at 2-3yrs old, and can continue to adulthood
55
Main features of autism
Impired social interaction and verbal and non-verbal communication Repetitive or stereotyped behavior (echolalia)
56
Uses one-on-one teaching approach that reinforces the practice of various skills
Applied behavioral analysis
57
Pharmacology of autism
Anti-psychotic, anxiolytics, and anticonvulsants
58
Common term for lice in pubic hair
Crabs
59
What kills pubic lice
Over-the-counter lotions
60
Main symptoms of pubic lic
Intense itching and crawling lice
61
Pink or flesh-colored warts, raised, flat, or shaped like cauliflower
Genital warts (HPV)
62
Genital warts may lead to
Cervical or anal cancer
63
Main management for genital warts or HPV
Wart removal options
64
Infants with gonorrhea may develop an
Eye infections
65
Common symptoms of gonorrhea (the clap)
Pain during urination, yellow-green discharge from penis
66
Causes Palmar sores
Syphilis
67
Wihtout treatment syphilis can lead to
Damage to organs of heart, brain, liver, nerves, and eyes = paralysis, blindness, and death
68
First sign of syphilis
Firm, round, painless sore in genitals or anus
69
Common areas where amenorrhea affects
Hypothalamus Ovaries Uterus
70
Amenorrhea due to genetics, characterized by no period by 15 yrs old
Primary amenorrhea
71
Getting regular periods then stops for at least 3 mons
Secondary amenorrhea
72
Normal reasons to miss your period
Pregnancy Breastfeeding Menopause Surgery to remove uterus or ovaries
73
Common causes of amenorrhea
Birth control Chemotherapy and radiation therapy Previous surgery w/ scarring Stress, poor nutrition, weight changes Extreme exercises
74
Medical conditions that cause primary amenorrhea
Hormonal issues Sturtural problems with organs
75
Medical conditions that cause secondary amenorrhea
Primary ovarian insufficiency Hypothalamic amenorrhea Pituitary disorders Hormonal imbalances Ovarian tumors Obesity Chronic illness
76
Birth control methods that cause secondary amenorrhea
Depo-Provero, IUD
77
Complications of amenorrhea
Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease
78
Treatment to help with side effects of amenorrhea
Estrogen therapy (relief hot flashes and vaginal dryness) Calcium and Vitamin D (bone strength) Strength training (muscle strength)

NCM 109 (1 decks)

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