Finals Flashcards
(215 cards)
1
Q
Commons passes the Declaration of Dislike
A
30 March 1647
2
Q
Council of War at Bury St Edmunds, resolves on a Newmarket rendezvous
A
29 May 1647
3
Q
Joyce meets with Cromwell at the latters house in London
A
31 May 1647
4
Q
Cornet Joyce arrives at Holdenby, his 500 cavalry arriving later in the evening
A
2 June 1647
5
Q
Joyce secures Holdenby Hall, writes to Cromwell, informs Charles of intention to move in the morning
A
3 June 1647
6
Q
Joyce departs with Charles, overnight rest at Huntingdon, writes a letter
A
4 June 1647
7
Q
Joyce is ordered to remain west of Cambridge, Charles is confined at Childerly Hall
A
5 June 1647
8
Q
Officers of the New Model Army meet Charles
A
7 June 1647
9
Q
Cornet Joyce’s First Letter (3 June)
A
- Firth believes sent to Cromwell (Woolrych agrees)
- very concerned tone, worried about Richard Graves
- ‘wee have secured the King. Graves is runne away’
- ‘lett us knowe what wee shall doe’
10
Q
Joyce’s Second Letter (4 June)
A
- Firth believes to Major Adrian Scrope (Papworth), Woolrych argues the tone is too familial
- Attempt to persuade collaboration from New Model forces
- ‘persuade all the friends you can to come and meet him’
- Enclosed section: ‘what wee have done hath been in the name of the whole Army’
11
Q
Ludlow Memoirs (post 1660) [on Cornet Joyce]
A
- ‘the chief officers of the army began to publickly own the design’
- ‘the King began to promise to himself that his condition was altered for the better’
12
Q
Beginning of the Reading Debates
A
16 July 1647
13
Q
Lilburne writes to the agitators warning them of ‘the study, labour and practice of some officers’
A
16 July 1647
14
Q
Ireton presents his draft of the Heads of Proposals to the General Council
A
17 July 1647
15
Q
Richard Overton publishes An Appeale, warns the agitators to ‘be cautious and wary’
A
17 July 1647
16
Q
Heads of Proposals are refered to a committee
A
18 July 1647
17
Q
Heads of Proposals are submitted to the King
A
23 July 1647
18
Q
Presbyterian mob storms Parliament
A
26 July 1647
19
Q
the Army restores Independent members to Parliament
A
6 August 1647
20
Q
Presentation of the Representation of the Agitators
A
16 July 1647
21
Q
Representation of the Agitators (16 July 1647)
A
- five demands: purge of parliament, london militia, foreign forces, release of prisoners, payment of arrears
- demand for ‘a speedy march on London’ against the ‘adverse party in that City’
22
Q
Reading Debates, Day One Transcript (16 July 1647)
A
Morning: Rainborough and Cromwell both advocating a postponement until the afternoon
Afternoon: Cromwell wanting ‘a firm and durable’ settlement by treaty
William Allen: ‘I fear itt will past our recovery’
Ireton: ‘I should bee against it altogether’
Cromwell ‘the thinges that tend to the uniting of us’
23
Q
Reading Debates Day Two Transcript (17 July 1647)
A
- Began with the reading of the Heads
- Cromwell gives the innocent question about dissolving parliament
- Allen: ‘things of great weight’, ‘we are butt young statesmen’
24
Q
Newsletter from Headquarters (17 July 1647)
A
- Firth attributes to John Rushworth
- ‘as to be unanimous in Councills’
- ‘so satisfyed them with arguments and reasons to the contrary’
- ‘the odium will lye as much upon army’ if peace wasn’t achieved
25
Publication of the Case of the Army Truly Stated
15 October 1647
26
The First Agreement of the People
28 October 1647
27
First Day of the Putney Debates, discussion of breaking engagements
28 October 1647
28
Second Day of the Putney Debates, debate over suffrage
29 October 1647
29
Grandees order the ending of the Putney debates
8 November 1647
30
Charles I escapes from Colonel Whalley's custody at Hampton Court
11 November 1647
31
Corkbush field mutiny
15 November 1647
32
The Heads of Proposals - proposed changes to elections
'proportionable to the respective rates'
33
The Case of the Army Truly Stated - proposed change to elections
'freeborn at the age of 21 yeares and upwards' be the electors
34
First Agreement of the People - changes to elections
'proportionated according to the number of the inhabitants'
35
Putney, First Day Transcripts (28 October 1647)
Cromwell: 'how farre we are obliged'
Wildman: 'if it were not just it doth nott oblige'
Extended Ireton-Wildman spat: 'onely the justice of the thing', 'there is no foundation of right... [but] that we should keep covenant'
36
Second Day Transcripts, Putney Debates (29 October 1647)
Ireton seizing on franchise: 'an equall voice'
Rainborough: 'the poorest he'
Ireton: 'permanent fixed interest'
Extensive Rainborough-Ireton sparring on arguments
Debate turns to who to exclude: Cromwell and Petty both agree on excluding beggars
37
Charles I is recaptured at Carisbrooke Castle
14 November 1647
38
Commons passes a vote of no addresses
3 January 1648
39
Second Civil War (months)
February - August 1648
40
Parliament repeals the vote of no addresses
24 August 1648
41
Negotiations begin on the Newport treaty
18 September 1648
42
Newport negotiations break down
27 October 1648
43
Parliamentary commissioners leave Newport without a deal
27 November 1648
44
Remonstrance of the Army calls for 'Justice upon the Capitall Authors'
16 November 1648
45
Parliament votes to continue negotiations with Charles I
5 December 1648
46
Pride's Purge
6 December 1648
47
Robert Hammond's governorship of the Isle of Wight
31 August 1647 - 27 November 1648
48
First letter to Hammond (6 November 1648)
'Remarkable providences'
'All agree there are cases in which it is lawful to resist'
'I know not one officer among us but is on the increasing hand'
'This ruining hypocritical agreement'
49
Second Letter to Hammond (25 November 1648)
'I fear lest our friends should burn their fingers, as some others did not long since'
'This man, against whom the Lord hath witnessed'
50
Ireton's Letter to Hammond (22 November 1648)
'I thus plainly lay the case before thee'
51
Army Council publishes the Heads of Proposals with the King's negotiated terms
1 August 1647
52
Charles I brought to Windsor
23 December 1648
53
House of Commons votes to establish a High Court of Justice to try the King
1 January 1649
54
House of Lords rejects the Commons' attempt to establish the High Court of Justice
2 January 1649
55
Commons assumes sole legislative authority
4 January 1649
56
Commons establishes the High Court of Justice
6 January 1649
57
Trial of King Charles opens in Westminster Hall
20 January 1649
58
Charles publishes his reasons for declining the jurisdiction of the High Court
21 January 1649
59
Charles is found guilty and sentenced to death
27 January 1649
60
Charles' death warrant is signed
29 January 1649
61
Charles I is executed in Whitehall
30 January 1649
62
Commons Resolution (4 January 1649)
'The people are... the original of all just power'
'have the supreme power in this nation'
63
Act erecting a High Court of Justice (6 January 1649)
'to proceed to final sentence according to justice'
64
Charge against the King (20 January 1649)
'to overthrow the rights and liberties of the people'
'traitorously and maliciously levied war'
65
King's Reasons for Declining the Jurisdiction (21 January 1649)
'no earthly power can justly call me'
'you never asked the question of the tenth man in the kingdom'
'for the true liberty of all my subjects'
'detained or deterred from sitting'
66
Sentence of the High Court (27 January 1649)
'guilty of levying war'
'tyrant, traitor, murderer and public enemy'
67
House of Commons votes to abolish the Lords
6 February 1649
68
House of Commons votes to abolish the monarchy
7 February 1649
69
Act abolishing the Kingship
17 March 1649
70
Act abolishing the House of Lords
19 March 1649
71
England proclaimed as a Commonwealth
19 May 1649
72
Act abolishing the Lords (19 March 1649)
'useless and dangerous'
'shall claim... privelege of Parliament'
73
Act abolishing the office of King (17 March 1649)
'dangerous to the liberty, safety and public interest'
74
Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth (19 May 1649)
'henceforth be governed as a Commonwealth and Free State'
75
Ormonde signs an alliance with the Irish confederates
17 January 1649
76
Covenanter Parliament proclaims Charles II as King of Great Britain
5 February 1649
77
Battle of Rathmines ensures British foothold in Ireland
2 August 1649
78
Cromwell lands in Ireland
15 August 1649
79
Sack of Drogheda
11 September 1649
80
Sack of Wexford
11 October 1649
81
Cromwell leaves Ireland, Ireton left as Lord Deputy
26 May 1650
82
Charles II signs the Treaty of Heligoland with the Scots
11 June 1650
83
Fairfax resigns, is replaced as Lord General by Cromwell
26 June 1650
84
Cromwell crosses the border into Scotland
22 July 1650
85
Victory at Dunbar (500 killed, 1000 wounded, 6000 captured for a loss of 40)
3 September 1650
86
Cromwell captures the city (tho not the castle) of Edinburgh
7 September 1650
87
Scottish forces cross the border into England
1 August 1651
88
Battle of Worcester
3 September 1651
89
Cromwell Letter 104 (16 September 1649)
To John Bradshaw, President of the Council of State
'after battery we stormed it. The enemy were about 3000'
'we put to the sword the whole number of the defendants'
90
Cromwell Letter 105 (17 September 1649)
Cromwell to William Lenthall
'a righteous judgement of God upon these barbarous wretches'
'prevent the effusion of blood in the future'
'not by power or might, but by the Spirit of God'
91
Cromwell Letter 140 (4 September 1650)
To William Lenthall
'the sickness of your army'
'made by the Lord of Hosts as stubble to their swords'
'reform the abuses of all professions'
'our desire and longing to have avoided blood'
92
Cromwell Letter 183 (4 September 1651)
To William Lenthall
'fought with various successes for some hours'
'became an absolute victory'
'Parliament to do the will of Him who hath done His will for it'
93
Whitelocke Memorials (25 June 1650)
Transcript of Council of State committee
Cromwell: 'they have formerly invaded us'
Fairfax: 'What would you have me do?'
94
How many acts did the Rump pass in 1649?
125
95
How many acts did the Rump pass in 1652?
44
96
Rump debates an unknown bill, Cromwell arrives and dissolves them
20 April 1653
97
Declaration of the Lord General and his Councill of Officers is published
22 April 1653
98
Clarke's newsletter on the dissolution of the Rump is circulated
23 April 1653
99
Cromwell establishes a 13 man council of state
29 April 1653
100
First meeting of the 140 strong Nominated Assembly
4 July 1653
101
Ludlow's Memoirs, Dissolution of the Rump (20 April 1653)
'loaded parliament with the vilest reproaches'
102
Baxter, Dissolution of the Rump (20 April 1653)
'as if God had impelled him'
'reproveth the Members for their faults'
'out he turneth them'
'no sort of people expressed any great Offence'
103
Whitelocke, Dissolution of the Rump (20 April 1653)
'In a furious manner'
'that they had sat longe nough, unless they had done more good'
104
Declaration by the Lord General and the Council (22 April 1653)
'proceed vigorously in reforming'
'recruit and so to perpetuate themselves'
'all means possible to avoid extraordinary courses'
105
Clarke's Newsletter (23 April 1653)
'was not for dissolving this Parliament but recruiting itt'
'with as little noyse as can bee imagined'
106
Discussion of proposals to exclude Lawyers from the Commons (month)
November 1649
107
Act for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales
22 February 1650
108
Act for the better Payment of Augmentations
31 May 1650
109
Blasphemy Act
9 August 1650
110
Act for the Relief of the Religious
27 September 1650
111
Establishment of the Hale Commission
30 January 1652
112
Dissolution of the Hale Commission
23 July 1652
113
Officers Agreement of the People (15 January 1649)
'maintenance... out of a public treasury, and, we desire, not by tithes'
114
Cromwell speech to Welsh commissioners (25 April 1653)
'I would advise you to go on cheerfully in the work'
115
Blasphemy Act (9 August 1650)
More targeted than the 1648 Ordinance: 1/4 of the bill defined 'Atheistical, Blasphemous and Execreable Opinions'
More lenient also; 1st offence: 1650: 6 months / 1648: death (for non-recanters)
116
Letter from William Erbury to Cromwell (19 July 1653)
'the tythes of the priests, the fees of the lawyers'
'the poare of the nation are waiting'
117
Whitelock, Memorials (November 1649)
'the multiplicity of suits and law causes' as a sign of the rule of law
'ancient Romans and Grecians, their lawyers will be found numerous and of esteem'
'merchants shall forbear their trading, physicians from visiting their patients, and country gentlemen shall forbear to sell their corn and wool'
118
Bill for the Better Regulating of Pleaders and their Fees (November 1649)
'no person who now is... a member of parliament shall... plead or manage any case' (except for the commonwealth)
119
John Lambert begins work on the Instrument of Government
mid-Oct 1653
120
Lambert shares his work with a select group of officers
Late November 1653
121
Cromwell shown an early draft of the Instrument (with him as King)
Early December 1653
122
Committee on Tithes brings in a report including the ejection of tithe beneficiaries
2 December 1653
123
Vote on the Tithe Beneficiaries fails by two votes
10 December 1653
124
Speaker Francis Rous leads a mass walkout, resigns power to Cromwell
12 December 1653
125
Council of Officers adopts the Instrument of Government
15 December 1653
126
Cromwell installed as the Lord Protector for the first time
16 December 1653
127
Official copies of the Instrument are printed and distributed
2 January 1654
128
Ludlow, Memoirs (12 December 1653)
'under consideration for two months past'
129
Opening of the First Protectorate Parliament
4 September 1654
130
Cromwell outlines areas of the Instrument that he considers off limits, forces members to promise to be 'true and faithful'
11 September 1654
131
Parliament begins working on its constitutional bill
11 November 1654
132
Parliament votes that the militia be disposed as they see fit
20 November 1654
133
Parliament votes that the Council members be subject to approval of each new Parliament
15 December 1654
134
Cromwell Speech (12 September 1654)
'things which shall be necessary to deliver over to posterity'
'I could be sorry to the death, that there is cause for this!'
135
Constitutional Bill of the First Protectorate Parliament (11 Nov 1654 - 20 Jan 1655)
59 seperate caps
39: Council to be 'nominated by the said Lord Protector and approved by the Parliament'
40: Council subject to parliamentary approval
43: Bills for 'restraining of damnable heresies' not subject to veto
47: disposal of forces 'to be made by the Parliament'
136
Creation of the Sealed Knot
Oct-Dec 1653
137
Cromwell's changed routes saves him from John Gerard's conspiracy
21 May 1654
138
John Gerard, Peter Vowell and Somerset Fox are arrested
21 May 1654
139
Battle of Dalnaspidal sees Middleton and Glencairn defeated by Morgan and Argyll
19 July 1654
140
Robert Overton arrested
Dec 1654
141
Failure of Penruddock's Rising
11-14 Mar 1655
142
Whitelocke Memorials (Royalism)
'had not the Design been nipt in the Bud... it might have caused some disturbance'
143
Percy Church to Secretary Nicholas (2 April 1655)
'Diuers risings in seuerall counties'
'seemes not haue bine altogether succesfull
'Crumwell and his to sitt in Councell almost all that night'
144
Major General Robert Overton (17 January 1654/55)
'it is reported [that I planned]... to abett the caveleers design'
'if a leveller be one, who bears affection to anarchy... then I am none'
145
Thurlow's Memorandum (March 1655)
'their designe was a generall insurrection through the whole land'
'it pleased God to discover a great plot of their plott'
146
Daniel O'Neill to Charles II (8 March 1654/55)
'Knoply (Kent) is not able to serve you for the present, so that the money which he should furnish must be supplyed some other where'
147
First commissions go out to Major Generals
21 September 1655
148
Revised commissions issued to Major Generals
11 October 1655
149
Major Generals begin their work in the locality
2 November 1655
150
Cromwell announces elections in August
26 January 1656
151
Elections are held for the Second Protectorate Parliament
20 August 1656
152
Second Protectorate Parliament meets for the first time
17 September 1656
153
John Desborough introduces the Militia Bill and Decimation Tax Bill to Parliament
25 December 1656
154
Parliament votes against the Militia Bill and Decimation Tax Bill
29 January 1657
155
Thurlow Letter to Henry Cromwell (13 November 1655)
'finde a very ready complyance'
'a very good use of the raysinge of this new militia'
156
Goffe to Thurlow (16 November 1655)
'doe readily submitt, but pretend too much innocency'
'so many of the delinquents dead and soe much of their estates sould'
'I am very much a stranger in these counties'
157
Kelsey to Thurlow (20 November 1655)
request to lower the £100 pa threshold to £50 pa
'our commissioners are troubled, that soe many should scape'
158
Berry to Thurlow (21 November 1655)
'I told him, with what confidence I came forth in this worke'
159
Whalley to Thurlow (24 November 1655)
'not to allowe of debts and incumberances upon delinquents estates'
'the tax would come to little' (had this not been ordered)
160
Beginning of the Anglo-Dutch War
10 July 1652
161
Treaty of Westminster ends the Anglo-Dutch War
15 April 1654
162
Debate in Council (Western Design)
20 April 1654
163
Debate in the Protector's Council (Western Design)
20 July 1654
164
Fleet sails for the West Indies (30 ships, 8000 troops)
14 December 1654
165
Unsuccessful campaign on Hispaniola
14 Apr - 12 May 1654
166
Jamaica captured
12 May 1655
167
Debate in Council (20 April 1654)
'to be lessend and layd downe, or to be imployed in some advantageous designe'
168
Debate in the Protector's Council (20 July 1654)
Lambert: unlikely 'to give riches to us'
Cromwell: 'hope of greate profit'
169
Letter to Vice Admiral Goodson (22 October 1655)
'the Lord hath greatly humbled us'
170
Letter to Richard Fortescue (30 October 1655)
'the Lord, who hath very sorely chastised us'
171
James Naylor released from Exeter gaol
20 October 1656
172
James Naylor rides into Bristol on a horse
24 October 1656
173
Naylor and his followers are brought in front of a parliamentary committee
31 October 1656
174
Parliamentary committee on James Naylor issues a thirteen page report
5 December 1656
175
Naylor called for questioning at the bar of the house
6 December 1656
176
House of Commons votes on Naylor's sentence (82-96 against death)
16 December 1656
177
Naylor called to the bar of the house to formally receive his sentence
17 December 1656
178
Naylor is flogged, left so weak that the rest of his sentence is postponed
18 December 1656
179
Cromwell writes to the house asking for an explanation of their sentencing of Naylor
25 December 1656
180
Burton's diary, Parliamentary discussion of Naylor's case (5-16 December 1656)
Whitelocke: 'upon your judicatory or legislative power'
Skippon: 'if this be liberty, then God deliver me from this liberty'
Holland: 'many Christians were formerly martyred under this notion of blasphemy'
William Boteler: 'that law made against blasphemy in Leviticus is as binding to us at this day'
181
Cromwell to Thomas Widdrington (25 Dec 1656)
'we detest and abhor... such opinions and practices'
'do desire that the House would let Us know the grounds and reasons'
182
Christopher Packe presents a Remonstrance to Parliament
23 February 1657
183
Cromwell meets with his officers, 'he loved not the title, a feather in a hat'
27 February 1657
184
Formal presentation of the Humble Petition and Advice to the Protector
31 March 1657
185
Cromwell gives stalling speeches to Parliament over the offer of the crown
3, 8 April 1657
186
Cromwell speaks to the conference of 99 MPs
11, 13, 20, 21 April 1657
187
Cromwell formally declines the offer of the crown
8 May 1657
188
Ratification of the modified Humble Petition and Advice
25 May 1657
189
Additional Petition and Advice clarifies oaths and voting qualifications, Cromwell reinstalled as Protector
26 June 1657
190
Remonstrances from the Churches in Gloucestershire (undated, 1657)
'any holy ende in owning such a title?'
'most earnestly begging you... utterly reject such application'
191
Cromwell speech upon presentation of the Humble Petition and Advice (31 March 1657)
'say no more at this time than is necessary'
192
Cromwell's speech to Parliament on the Humble Petition (8 April 1657)
'there are many things... that deserve very much to be elucidated'
193
Meeting of the Conference of 99 MPs (11 April 1657)
Lenthall: the whole body of the Law is carried upon this wheel
Whitelocke: 'that of Protector was not known to the Law'
Broghill: 'persons that obey a King de facto are to be held guiltless'
Cromwell: 'I shall need to have a little thought'
194
Conference of the 99 MPs (13 April 1657)
'I must not grant that they are necessarily conclusive'
'doth any way determine against my final resolution'
195
Cromwell's speech to Parliament (8 May 1657)
'not to be convinced of the necessity of that thing'
'excellent parts, in all but in that one thing'
196
Humble Petition and Advice, Preamble (25 May 1657)
'continual danger... [from] the malignant and discontented party'
197
Humble Petition and Advice, Art.1 (25 May 1657)
'during your lifetime to appoint and declare [a successor]'
198
Humble Petition and Advice, Art.2 (25 May 1657)
'Parliaments consisting of two Houses'
199
Humble Petition and Advice, Art.3 (25 May 1657)
MPs excluded 'by judgement and consent of that House'
200
Humble Petition and Advice, Art.5 (25 May 1657)
Lords 'nominated by your highness, and approved by this house'
201
Humble Petition and Advice, Art.7 (25 May 1657)
'a yearly revenue of £1,300,000 pounds'
202
Humble Petition and Advice, Art.11 (25 May 1657)
'the true Protestant Christian religion' - excluding non-trinitarians, papists, episcopalians, 'horrible blasphemies'
203
Treaty of Westminster between the Protectorate and France
3 November 1655
204
Treaty of Paris between the Protectorate and France
23 March 1657
205
Slingsby Bethel, The Worlds Mistake (1668)
'put the whole Baltick Sea into the Sweeds hands'
'freed the French King from his fears'
206
John Thurlow, Concerning the Foreign Affairs (post-Restoration)
'be umpire of the peace'
'the Swede [nor] the Dane should be ruined'
'laid to heart as much as anything'
'to monopolise all trade'
207
Cromwell speech to the Second Protectorate Parliament (25 January 1658)
'the greatest Design now on foot'
'on both sides of Christendome... armed and prepared'
'France... is a balance to [Spain]'
'Providentially so'
208
Cromwell's speech opening the Second Protectorate Parliament (17 September 1656)
'the empire of the whole Christian world'
209
Letter to William Lockhart (26 May 1658)
'suffer not... thy kingdom to be soiled with that discredit'
210
Instrument of Government, Art.I (15 December 1653)
'one person and the people assembled in Parliament'
211
Instrument of Government, Art.XIV (15 December 1653)
Royalists 'shall be disabled and incapable to be elected, or to give any vote'
212
Instrument of Government, Art.XVII (15 December 1653)
MPs to have 'known integrity, fearing God and of good conversation'
213
Instrument of Government, Art.XVIII (15 December 1653)
'any estate, real or personal, to the value of £200' - contrast 40 shilling franchise
214
Instrument of Government, Art.XXIV (15 December 1653)
'such Bills shall pass into and become laws'
215
Instrument of Government, Art.XXX (15 December 1653)
'shall have power, until the meeting of the first parliament'
