FINALS

Question 1

task specific tool leads the user through task, step by step, using user’s answers to specific questions useful for safe completion of complex or infrequent tasks constrained task execution so limited flexibility must allow user to go back

Answer 1

Wizards

Question 2

continuous access concurrent to main application

Answer 2

Availability

Question 3

the effect of context on the sound
transforms the phonemes into allophones

Answer 3

Co-articulation

Question 4

Between different parts of the help system and paper Documentation

Answer 4

Consistency

Question 5

the world in which the system operates and by which it is influenced

Answer 5

Environment

Question 6

basic actions user performs

Answer 6

Operators

Question 7

human and technical requirements

Answer 7

Socio-technical models

Question 8

idealized model of expert use is constructed
actual use compared to ideal model may contain the commonality or difference Special case: user behaviour compared to known error catalogue

Answer 8

Overlay

Question 9

eg semantic network, knowledge stored in structures with slots to be filled useful for a small domain.

Answer 9

Frame based

Question 10

travel agency staff, airline booking staff

Answer 10

Primary stakeholder

Question 11

alteration in tone and quality
variations in emphasis, stress, pauses and pitch impart more meaning to sentences.

Answer 11

Prosody

Question 12

decomposition of a goal into subgoals/operators

Answer 12

Methods

Question 13

broader view of human and organizational issues

Answer 13

Soft systems methodology

Question 14

correct error handling and unpredictable behaviour

Answer 14

Robustness

Question 15

use a number of different media to communicate information

Answer 15

Multi-media systems

Question 16

use more than one sense (or mode ) of interaction

Answer 16

Multi-modal systems

Question 17

40 of them basic atomic units
sound slightly different depending on the context they are in, these larger units

Answer 17

Phonemes

Question 18

Backus-Naur Form (BNF) , Very common notation from computer science

Answer 18

BNF

Question 19

Task–Action Grammar (TAG)

Answer 19

TAG

Question 20

monitor user behaviour and offer contextual advice can be irritating e.g. MS paperclip
must be under user control e.g. XP smart tags

Answer 20

Assistants

Question 21

means of choosing between competing methods

Answer 21

Selection

Question 22

identify their requirements in organizational context

Answer 22

Stakeholders

Question 23

the changes that are affected by the system

Answer 23

Transformation

Question 24

Synthetic sounds used to convey information
Structured combinations of notes (motives ) represent actions and objects

Answer 24

Earcons

Question 25

customers, airline management

Answer 25

Secondary stakeholder

Question 26

study users in context, unbiased perspective

Answer 26

Ethnographic methods

Question 27

smallest unit of language that has meaning.

Answer 27

Morphemes

Question 28

competitors, civil aviation authorities, customers’ travelling companions, airline shareholders

Answer 28

Tertiary stakeholder

Question 29

knowledge represented as relationships between facts can be used to link frames.

Answer 29

Network based

Question 30

includes the user directly in the design process

Answer 30

Participatory design

Question 31

Use natural sounds to represent different types of object or action Portability

Answer 31

Auditory icons

Question 32

Allows users to interact in a way appropriate to their experience and task​

Answer 32

Flexibility

Question 33

In user modeling, it refers to classifying users into particular categories based on characteristics

Answer 33

Stereotype

Question 34

Refers to forms used for entering information in UI design. It involves logical layout, alignment, and groupings​

Answer 34

Dialogue box

Question 35

Refers to localization and internationalization, addressing how interfaces need adjustments for specific cultural or linguistic contexts, taking into account meanings of symbols and cultural assumptions​

Answer 35

Cultural differences

Question 36

The ease with which new users can begin effective interaction and achieve maximal performance

Answer 36

Flexibility

Question 37

Implied through techniques in prototyping and usability engineering, emphasizing iterative approaches​

Answer 37

methods

Question 38

Modifiability of the user interface by user (adaptability) or system (adaptivity)

Answer 38

Customizability

Question 39

restricts user interaction to the dialogue box until it is dismissed. It is easy to implement with event-loop-based systems but challenging with notification-based systems​

Answer 39

Modal dialogue box

Question 40

a set of fixed questions given to users to gather feedback. It is quick, can reach a large user group, and allows for more rigorous analysis compared to interviews​

Answer 40

Questionnaire

Question 41

a prediction that states no difference exists between experimental conditions.

Answer 41

Null hypothesis

Question 42

provide core support for simultaneous user-system activity, such as enabling multiple independent tasks to run concurrently

Answer 42

Windowing systems

Question 43

the ability to modify the user interface by the designer or user. It is a feature enabled by User Interface Management Systems (UIMS)​

Answer 43

Customizability

Question 44

refers to the most immediate form of feedback, such as the movement of a mouse pointer on a screen

Answer 44

Lexical

Question 45

a prediction of an experiment's outcome, framed in terms of independent and dependent variables

Answer 45

Hypothesis

Question 46

refers to changes related to the meaning of the interaction, such as updating the sum of numbers displayed on the screen.

Answer 46

Semantic

Question 46

allows users to continue interacting with other parts of the interface while the box remains open.

Answer 46

Non-modal dialogue box

Question 47

assume a normal distribution and are more powerful but less robust than non-parametric tests

Answer 47

Parametric

Question 48

bring programming closer to the level of user perception and allow programming with interaction objects (e.g., techniques, widgets, gadgets) to promote consistency and generalizability through a similar look and feel​

Answer 48

Interaction toolkits

Question 49

refers to a finite number of values​

Answer 49

Discrete

Question 50

refers to the ability to reuse components, often a goal of User Interface Management Systems (UIMS) to cut development costs​

Answer 50

reusability

Question 51

provide an additional level above toolkits, separating application semantics from presentation to improve portability, reusability, and support for multiple interfaces

Answer 51

User interface management systems (UIMS)

Question 52

allow access to the same functionality through different user interfaces, often facilitated by User Interface Management Systems (UIMS)

Answer 52

Multiple interfaces

Question 53

refer to the cognitive models used in evaluation to filter design options or frameworks like GOMS to predict user performance​

Answer 53

Model

Question 54

a characteristic that is changed to produce different conditions in an experiment, such as interface style or the number of menu items

Answer 54

Independent variable

Question 55

offer support for the creation of software, including windowing systems, interaction toolkits, and User Interface Management Systems (UIMS), to control the relationship between presentation and functionalit

Answer 55

Programming tools