Finals

Question 1

provides real-time positional data, allowing for precise tracking of the vessel’s location on digital charts

Answer 1

GPS

Question 2

displays real-time information on nearby vessels, including their names, positions, courses, speeds, and types

Answer 2

AIS

Question 3

overlays realtime radar images onto digital charts, giving mariners a comprehensive view of their surroundings

Answer 3

RADAR

Question 4

provides precise heading information, enabling accurate orientation of the vessel on the digital chart

Answer 4

Gyrocompass

Question 5

provides real time information on the vessel’s speed through water (STW) or speed over ground (SOG), depending on the type of log used

Answer 5

Speed Log

Question 6

Displays ENCs with real-time vessel positioning, allowing for various view options north-up, course- up, and head-up)

Answer 6

Chart Display and Management

Question 7

Facilitates route creation and ongoing monitoring, complete with waypoints, distances, and planned speeds.

Answer 7

Route Planning and Monitoring

Question 8

Alerts the crew to potential hazards, such as depth constraints, traffic, and navigational dangers, and provides warning when deviations occur.

Answer 8

Alarm and Warning System

Question 9

Integrates data from GPS gyrocompass, and speed logs

Answer 9

Automatic Positioning and Navigation Data

Question 10

Customizable settings safety and depth alarms provide a tailored navigation experience based on the vessel’s requirements

Answer 10

Safety Settings

Question 11

Combined data inputs allow ECDIS to present a comprehensive view of the surrounding environment, displaying other vessels (via AIS), potential hazards, and changing conditions (like tidal currents)

Answer 11

Enhanced Situational Awareness

Question 12

Integrating GPS data into ECDIS allows for precise positioning, essential for route monitoring and hazard avoidance

Answer 12

Accuracy and Precision in Positioning

Question 13

When AIS and radar data are integrated, ECDIS can help identify nearby vessels and potential collision courses, especially useful in crowded or narrow waters

Answer 13

Effective Collision Avoidance

Question 14

Integration with equipment like depth sensors and speed logs allows ECDIS to automatically generate alerts for depth hazards, speed adjustments, or course deviations

Answer 14

Automated Alerts for Faster Decision-Making

Question 15

Integration is essential for reliable performance in challenging environments, such as in heavy weather, strong currents, or reduced visibility

Answer 15

Reliability During Adverse Conditions

Question 16

RADAR provides real-time situational awareness by detecting and displaying nearby objects

Answer 16

Real-time Information

Question 17

It can be relied upon even if GPS or GNSS signals are unavailable or degraded

Answer 17

Independent from GPS

Question 18

It can detect both static and moving targets, ensuring safe passage, particularly in congested or narrow waterways

Answer 18

Obstacle Detection

Question 19

Track and calculate critical information about other vessels such as Closest Point of Approach (CPA) and Time to PA (TCPA), which helps in collision avoidance

Answer 19

Automatic Tracking

Question 20

Enhances the decision-making process in crowded waters and narrow channels by providing continuous updates on potential collision risks

Answer 20

Increased Safety

Question 21

Provides valuable data about other vessels, including ship name, position, course, speed, type, size, and navigational status, all displayed directly on ECDIS

Answer 21

Detailed Vessel Information

Question 22

AIS helps identify vessels that may not be easily visible on RADAR, especially in high-traffic areas, thus improving collision avoidance and route planning

Answer 22

Enhanced Tracking in Congested Areas

Question 23

AlS allows the identification of vessels without needing to contact them over VHF, streamlining communication in busy areas

Answer 23

Reduction of Radio Communication

Question 24

Interfacing ECDIS with equipment like the gyrocompass, speed log, and autopilot enables the system to provide accurate, real-time updates on heading, speed, and position, reducing human error and enhancing the overall safety of naviaation

Answer 24

Integrated Navigation Data

Question 25

The integration of the echo sounder and environmental sensors into ECDIS can provide real-time dept and weather data, helping to avoid underwater hazards and make better navigational decisions.

Answer 25

Enhanced Decision-Making

Question 26

Systems like GPS/GNSS provide continuous position updates to ECDIS, improving positional accuracy and reducing manual plotting errors

Answer 26

Automatic Updates

Question 27

RADAR can be affected by sea clutter, rain, and other interferences that make distinguishing between real targets and noise difficult

Answer 27

Clutter & Interference

Question 28

RADAR is subject to shadow zones caused by ship structures or environmental features, which could potentially hide smaller targets

Answer 28

Blind Spots

Question 29

Operators must be well-trained to interpret RADAR images correctly, especially in distinguishing between false echoes and actual targets

Answer 29

Skill-Dependent Interpretation

Question 30

In poor weather or rough seas, ARPA systems may lose targets or create false targets, leading to inaccurate data

Answer 30

Risk of False Targets

Question 31

Slight delays in processing target information may occur, especially when there is a high number of tracked targets.

Answer 31

Latency

Question 32

Mariners may become overly dependent on ARPA/MARPA to provide all the information needed without cross-referencing with visual observation or manual plotting

Answer 32

Over-Reliance on Automation

Question 33

AlS is dependent on data input from vessels themselves, which could be inaccurate, outdated, or deliberately incorrect (AIS spoofing). This can pose risks when making navigational decisions

Answer 33

Inaccuracy & Spoofing

Question 34

Not all vessels, especially smaller crafts and fishing boats, are required to carry AIS equipment, so these vessels may not appear on ECDIS AIS overlays

Answer 34

Lack of Small Vessel Data

Question 35

Over-reliance on AIS for vessel identification without cross-checking with RADAR or visual observations can lead to complacency

Answer 35

Over-Reliance on AIS Data

Question 36

If any of these interfaced systems fail (e.g., GPS loss or gyrocompass error), the accuracy of the ECDIS can be compromised. leading to potential navigational risks

Answer 36

System Failure Dependency

Question 37

The more equipment is interfaced, the more complex the system becomes, increasing the chances of system overload software bugs, or human error in managing the settings

Answer 37

Complexity

Question 38

If there are inconsistencies between data provided by different interfaced equipment (e.g., GPS position vs. RADAR position), it may cause confusion or errors in navigation

Answer 38

Data Discrepancies