finals

Question 1

What is carbon

Answer 1

Carbon has how many valence electrons: 4
Basic unit of biomolecules

Question 2

Biomolecules are… 4

Answer 2

proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 3

protein is

Answer 3

an organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids, the monomers of proteins.

Question 4

what do proteins do

Answer 4

Work to all jobs, help keep shape, make up muscles, speed up chemical reactions, carry messages and materials

Question 5

what are proteins largest

Answer 5

titin

Question 6

what is a lipid

Answer 6

an organic compound such as fat or oil.

Question 7

what are the two types of lipids/ fatty acids

Answer 7

saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.

Question 8

what are characteristics of lipids

Answer 8

don’t combine with water

Question 9

main functions of lipids

Answer 9

make membranes and store energy and carry messages

Question 10

what are carbohydrates

Answer 10

A carbohydrate is an organic compound such as sugar or starch and is used to store energy.

Question 11

types of carbohydrates

Answer 11

sugar and starch

Question 12

subunit of carbohydrates

Answer 12

monosaccharides

Question 13

characteristics of charbohydrates

Answer 13

carbohydrates are built of small, repeating units that form bonds with each other to make a larger molecule.

Question 14

main functions of carbohydrates

Answer 14

provide short term energy and give structure also provide energy to cells

Question 15

what are nucleic acids

Answer 15

A nucleic acid is an organic compound, such as DNA or RNA, that is built of monomers called nucleotides.

Question 16

types of nucleic acids

Answer 16

DNA and RNA

Question 17

subunits of nucleic acids

Answer 17

Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

Question 18

characteristics of nucleic acids

Answer 18

Many nucleotides bind together to form a chain called a polynucleotide.

Question 19

main functions of nucleic acids

Answer 19

hold information to make proteins or carry energy, store genetic info

Question 20

what is a prokaryote

Answer 20

single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 21

what is a eukaryote

Answer 21

organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 22

what is a dehydration reaction

Answer 22

a type of chemical reaction where water (𝐻2𝑂) is removed from the reactants.

Question 23

what are reactants

Answer 23

The starting substances in a chemical reaction

Question 24

what are products

Answer 24

The ending product of a chemical reaction

Question 25

what is an active sight

Answer 25

​​the place on an enzyme where the substrate binds.

Question 26

what is true about enzymes

Answer 26

Certain enzymes work better in environments and temperatures in the body.

Question 27

what is homeostasis

Answer 27

the bodies way of keeping everything stable and the right temperature.

Question 28

what is true about energy

Answer 28

Energy left over does not get destroyed but instead used for something else.

Question 29

what are the 3 stages of cellular respiration

Answer 29

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport.

Question 30

what is glycolysis

Answer 30

first stage of cellular respiration in which glucose is split in the absence of oxygen to form two molecules of pyruvate and a net total of two ATP.

Question 31

what is the krebs cycle

Answer 31

second stage of cellular respiration in which two pyruvate molecules from the first stage react to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2 in the presence of oxygen.

Question 32

what is electron transport

Answer 32

third stage of cellular respiration, which occurs on the inner membrane of mitochondria, requires oxygen, and produces up to 34 molecules of ATP.

Question 33

what is photosynthesis

Answer 33

:process in which cells use carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make oxygen and glucose, an energy-storing sugar.

Question 34

what is the equation for photosynthesis

Answer 34

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 35

what is fermentation

Answer 35

making ATP without oxygen

Question 36

what is alcoholic fermentation

Answer 36

pyruvate changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide

Question 37

what is lactic acid fermentation

Answer 37

pyruvate (also known as pyruvic acid) from glycolysis changes to lactic acid.

Question 38

what does selectively permeable mean

Answer 38

only certain molecules can pass through

Question 39

what is a phospholipid property

Answer 39

both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, 2 fatty acid tails

Question 40

what is a nuclear pore

Answer 40

tiny hole in the nuclear envelope that helps regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Question 41

what is a nucleus

Answer 41

:organelle inside eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell’s DNA and acts as the control center of the cell.

Question 42

what is a cytoskeleton

Answer 42

structure in a cell consisting of filaments and tubules that crisscross the cytoplasm and help maintain the cell’s shape.

Question 43

what is cytosol

Answer 43

:watery substance that makes up cytoplasm, and contains other cell structures such as ribosomes.

Question 44

what is a ribosome

Answer 44

structure found in all cells that is the site of protein synthesis.w

Question 45

what is the rough ER

Answer 45

endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes embedded on its surface.

Question 46

what is the smooth ER

Answer 46

endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes embedded on its surface.

Question 47

what is the mitochondria

Answer 47

organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses energy stored in glucose to make ATP, which cells can use for energy

Question 48

what is osmosis

Answer 48

the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 49

is osmosis hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic

Answer 49

isotonic

Question 50

what is diffusion

Answer 50

is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an area with a lower concentration. Higher to lower till they reach equilibrium.

Question 51

what way does diffusion move

Answer 51

peripheral/ passive proteins

Question 52

is diffusion hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic

Answer 52

isotonic

Question 53

diffusion moves through

Answer 53

peripheral/ passive proteins

Question 54

what is facilitated diffusion

Answer 54

is the diffusion of solutes through transport proteins in the cell membrane.

Question 55

facilitated diffusion moves through

Answer 55

transport proteins, integral/ passive transport

Question 56

facilitated diffusion is (hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic

Answer 56

isotonic