Finals Flashcards by Christian Cunanan

refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce

Intellectual property

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Intellectual property code of the Philippines

R.A. 8293

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Intellectual property rights under I.P. Code

-Copyright and related rights
-Trademarks and service marks
-Geographic indications
-Industrial designs
-Patents
-Layout designs of integrated circuits
-Protection of undisclosed information

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protects a word, phrase, symbol or design that is used by an entity to identify its product or service

Trademark law

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grants protection for new inventions which can be products, processes or designs and provides a mechanism for protection of the invention

Patent law

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business practices, formulas, designs or processes used in a business, designed specifically to provide a competitive advantage to a business

Trade secrets

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serve to identify a product that originates from a specific geographical area and that has a quality, reputation, or other characteristics that are essentially attributable to its geographical origin

Geographical indications

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Integrated circuits – commonly known as “chips” or “micro-chips” – are the electronic circuits in which all the components (transistors, diodes and resistors) have been assembled in a certain order on the surface of a thin semiconductor material (usually silicon)

Layout Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits

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Government agencies in charge of IPC

-Bureau of Patents
-Bureau of Trademarks
-Bureau of Legal Affairs
-Documentation, information and Technology transfer Bureau
-Management Information System and EDP Bureau
-Administrative, Financial and Personnel Services Bureau

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Handles: Patents, utility models, and industrial designs
Main function: Examines and grants protection for inventions and innovations

Bureau of Patents

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Handles: Trademark applications and registrations
Main function: Ensures brand identifiers (logos, names, etc.) are unique and protected

Bureau of Trademarks (BOT)

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Handles: Legal disputes, IP enforcement, mediation, and adjudication
Main function: Provides legal remedies and resolves conflicts involving IP rights

Bureau of Legal Affairs (BLA)

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Handles: IP documentation, databases, and tech transfer activities
Main function: Promotes the use of IP for innovation and supports tech commercialization

Documentation, Information and Technology Transfer Bureau (DITTB)

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Handles: IT systems, electronic data processing, and digital infrastructure
Main function: Manages IPOPHL’s digital services and systems

Management Information System and EDP Bureau (MISEDB)

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Handles: Finance, budgeting, HR, and general admin
Main function: Supports IPOPHL’s operations with effective financial and administrative services

Financial Management and Administrative Service Bureau (FMASB)

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Deals with the rules for securing and enforcing legal rights to inventions, designs, and artistic works.

Intellectual Property law

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gives Congress express authority to grant authors and inventors exclusive rights to their creations.

Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution

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took effect on January 1, 1998, under the presidency of Fidel V. Ramos

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Types of Rights under the Law of Copyright

-Economic rights
-Moral rights
-Resale rights
-Related rights

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Replication of the work, or a portion of the work
Transformation or dramatization of the original work
The first public distribution of the original work and each copy of the work

Economic Rights

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Require the authorship of the work be attributed to him or her, meaning that the author may require that his or her name be displayed in a prominent fashion on a copy or public distribution or use of the work

Moral Rights

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author and his or her heirs have the inalienable right to partake of 5% of the proceeds of the sale or lease of his or her original work (painting. sculpture, manuscript, composition). This inalienable right is in effect during the lifetime of the author, and for fifty years after his or her death

Resale rights

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rights of those whose help the author avails of to assist him in producing his work and distributing this work to the public

Related rights

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neighboring rights include the following:

-Rights of performers
-Rights of producers of sound recordings
-Rights of broadcasting organizations

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is an administrative grouping of multiple private computer networks or hosts within the same infrastructure

network domain

When you register a domain name with any provider, your details (name, address, email and phone number) are automatically added to a public WHOIS directory

Domain Privacy

set of rules that was developed to instruct Internet users on how to act properly

Netiquette

the measure of the reliability, integrity and performance of the system

dependability

FACTOR THAT AFFECTS DEPENDABILITY OF SYSTEM

* Error * Fault * Failure

human mistake. An Error appears not only due to the logical mistake in the code made by the developer

ERROR

types of error

-user interface -syntactic -calculation -testing -hardware

Due to computer program bug which is considered a defect in a system

FAULT

variance between expected and actual results

Defect

CAUSES OF ERRORS

* Time pressure * Human fallibility * Inexperienced or insufficiently skilled project participants * Miscommunication between project participants * The complex of the code, design, architecture, or the technology to be used * New, unfamiliar technologies * Environmental conditions

* Paper-based to electronic/computer health record * Minimizes irregularities in workflow process and decision-making process * To accurately and consistently document, accumulate, combined, translate, and retrieve health information data, fields, data set, and data elements must have an equivalent vocabularies and terminologies within the healthcare record before it store in the databases.

MINIMUM DATA SET

* Provides a formal structure for electronic healthcare data elements and components to support nursing care in all settings. * Comparable to other health care data sets except that it includes an additional nursing care elements and a unique provider number for each healthcare provider.

NURSING MINIMUM DATA SET (NMDS)

3 CATEGORICAL SCHEME

-nursing care element -patient demographic elements -service elements

NURSING CARE ELEMENTS

* Nursing diagnoses * Nursing intervention * Nursing outcome * Nursing care intensity

PATIENT DEMOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS

-personal identification -date of birth -sex -nationality -residence

SERVICE ELEMENTS

-Unique facility or agency number elements -Unique patient health record number -Unique number of principle registered nurse -Episode admission -Discharge or termination date -Disposition of patient -Expected payer for medical bill

considered and organized search find key literature in a topic

literature search

To complete a thorough literature search you should:

-Define what you are searching for -Decide where to search -Develop a search strategy -Refine your search strategy -Save your search for future search.

many databases you can save a search to run a later date particularly if you search statement is complex and lengthy to enter

Saved searches

software system that helps users find information on the internet by crawling, indexing, and ranking web pages. It retrieves relevant results based on the user's query

Search Engine

Bots scan websites and collect data

Crawling

The collected data is stored in a searchable database

Indexing

Algorithms rank search results based on relevance, keywords, and site quality

Ranking

an organized collection of data that allows users to store, retrieve, and manage information efficiently

Database

examples of database management systems

MySQL, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle.

used to link ideas and concepts where you want to see both ideas or concepts in your search results. AND narrows the search

AND

used between similar keywords, like synonyms, acronyms, and variations in spelling within the same idea or concept

used to exclude specific keywords from the search

NOT

This is a way to identify even more relevant literature and is sometimes referred to as "snowballing."

Forward Citation Searching

Reviewing an article’s reference list to find previous studies related to the topic. Useful for identifying foundational research.

Chaining

a set of predetermined terms that describe specific concepts

Controlled Vocabulary

These are a standardized set of terms that are used to bring consistency to the searching process.

MeSH

what does MeSH stand for

Medical Subject Headings

words used in an article title, abstract, or other text field in a database

Keywords

The number of times an individual paper, author, or journal has been cited by other academic sources

Citation Counting

Measures both the productivity and citation impact of a researcher or journal

H-Index

large citation database that tracks journal performance

Scopus

Measures the scientific influence of journals based on weighted citations.

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR)

measure of how frequently articles in a journal are cited over a specific period.

Impact Factor

reference provided by an author to direct a reader to a published or unpublished source or underpinning set of data, usually for the purpose of acknowledging their relevance to the topic of discussion

Citations

examples of citations

-APA -MLA -Chicago -IEEE

what does APA stand for

American Psychological Association

what does MLA stand for

Modern Language Association

What does IEEE stand for

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Types of Data

-quantitative -qualitative

Data that is expressed in numbers and summarized using statistics to give meaningful information

QUANTITATIVE DATA

When we use data for description without measurement, Such data cannot be easily summarized using statistics

QUALITATIVE DATA

process of gathering information for analysis. It can be done using various methods

Data collection

mathematical formulas, models, and techniques that are used in statistical analysis of raw research data

Statistical methods

Best for: Social sciences, healthcare, business, and education research

SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)

Best for: Academic research, advanced statistical analysis, and data visualization.

Best for: Large-scale business, finance, and healthcare analytics

SAS (Statistical Analysis System)

Best for: Economics, sociology, epidemiology, and public health research.

STATA

an arrangement of cells in columns and rows used to organize, analyze, calculate, and report information, usually in numerical form.

Spreadsheet

Best for: Basic statistical analysis and business reports.

Excel & Google Sheets

Best for: Analyzing qualitative data (e.g., interviews, open-ended survey responses, case studies).

NVivo: Qualitative Data Analysis Software

Worldwide network of interconnected computer networks that operates using a standard set of communications

Internet

the standard communications protocol used by every computer on the Internet

Internet Protocol

Department of Defense DOD of USA started a network in 1969

ARPANET( advanced research projects administration Network)

Network created in 1980

NSFNET (national science foundation network)

Direct data between devices and networks

Routers

Connect devices inside a network (like computers in an office)

Switches

Powerful computers that store websites, apps, and data

Servers

allows computers to connect to a network and exchange data; carries the task of breaking messages into small packets

Transmission Control Protocol

considered a lower-level protocol which is responsible for making decision on the packets and routing them

Internet Protocol

which supports the World Wide Web (WWW)

Hypertext Transmission Protocol (HTTP)

permit users to send all types of electronic files over the Internet

File Transmission Protocol

also referred to as URLs. It can identify a specific machine, directory and file of that machine

Web addresses

identifies the computer name, web server name, web name or host name

Domain Name

permit users to give globally unique names to networks

Domain Name System

Top level domains

-.edu -.com -.gov -.mil -.net

Languages used to create and style websites

HTML/CSS/JavaScript

Software like Chrome, Firefox, and Safari that lets users access web content

Web Browsers

Programs (like Apache, Nginx) that handle requests for web pages.

Web Servers

Jumping ahead of the browser if the link is already loaded but the rest of the page is lagging behind

Surfing

After clicking several websites, a chain of internet pages are created and explored backward or forward

Chains

refreshing the page to ensure that the latest copy is loaded

Reload

Stopping the loading process of a site anytime the user wants

Stopping

Stopping the connection and clicking the same link again

Restarting

examples of Search Engines

▪ Yahoo! ▪ Google ▪ Ask.com

Two types of Search Engines

-directories -indexes

who developed the email and introduced the @ symbol

Ray Tomlinson

wireless computer that anyone can take it with him or her with all the data stored in it

Laptop

one can transfer the date from one place to another by taking that stick in his or her pocket

USB

have become the most used wireless device by people in which the communication is done by using radio frequencies through different service provider stations

Cell phones

Thisfederalagency both conducts and sponsors research on healthcare quality, safety and cost effectiveness

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

this organization’s mission is to support research in nursing in clinical and community settings through grants and other funding Programs

National Institute of Nursing Research

The site offers access to the full text of more than 160 high-quality, open access life sciences journals from various

PubMed Central

It’s mission is to monitor public health, put forth prevention initiatives, investigate health problems & promote healthy

Center for Disease Control and Prevention

This consumer health information site is maintained by the National Health Information Center of the US Department of Health and Human

healthfinder.gov

Its medical encyclopedia, drug and herbal supplement information, current health news, and superior interactive tutorials are excellent

Medline Plus

Anotherdirectoryof consumer health information, this site has a simple design and is organized by conditions, body systems, type of patient, etc

National Institutes of Health

This resource publishes more than 140 open access journals covering all areas of biology and medicine

BioMed Central

Though aimed at the layperson, nurses and students will welcome the plethora of information and tools

Mayo Clinic: Tools for Healthier Lives

free, peer reviewed, international journal addressing topics affecting nursing practice, research, education and the wider health care sector

Online Journal of Issues in Nursing

an initiative by scientists & doctors to publishquality, peer reviewed literature and make it freely available to the public and other researchers publishes journals in biology, medicine, clinical trials and genetics

Public Library of Science

An excellent source of global health information, including statistics and country by country health overviews

World Health Organization

provides information and support to family members, caregivers and health professionals on Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer's Association

San Francisco School of Medicine gives comprehensive, up-to- date information on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and policy at this site

HIV InSite: Gateway to AIDS Knowledge

University of Pennsylvania cancer specialists launched this site in 1994 to “help cancer patients, families, health care professionals and the general public get accurate cancer- related information

Oncolink

This site provides current health related news, links to information about public health advocacy, articles of concern to public health nurses, ask an expert sites, and a discussion forum on public health nursing

Public Health Nursing Section of the American Public Health Association

designed to support healthcare providers in making decisions about the delivery and management of patient care

Clinical Decision Support Systems

Combines patient data from multiple sources

Integrated Real Time Patient Database

Allows event triggers to go into effect and activate alerts and reminders automatically

Data-driven Mechanism

Translate the knowledge representation scheme used in the system so clinical knowledge in the system can be extracted and translated into machine executable logic

Knowledge Engineer

Permit automatic execution of programs at a specific time to alert healthcare provider to carry out a specific function or ensure that action has been completed

Time driven mechanism

Data collected over time from a variety of sources allowing a longitudinal patient records

Long Term Clinical Data Repository

use of digital technologies and telecommunications, such as computers, the Internet, and mobile devices, to facilitate health improvement and health care services

E-health

three main core areas of eHealth are

-Delivery of health information -Using the power of IT -The use of e-commerce and e-business practices

10 E’S OF EHEALTH

-efficiency -enhancing quality -evidence based -empowerment -encouragement -education -enabling -extension -ethics -equity

the remote diagnosis and treatment of patients by means of telecommunications technology

Telemedicine

Features of Telemedicine for Healthcare

1 Chronic Health 2. Throughout Care 3. Prescription Compliance 4. Store-and- Forward

CONCERNS SURROUNDING MODERN EHR

► Patient data security ► Physician burnout ► Interoperability ► User error ► Patient-provider relationship

BENEFITS OF MODERN EHR

► Help streamline patient visits and care ► Patients can access their own information via an online portal ► Allows PCPC to share information with other specialty providers

it is set to meet the needs in improving patient care

Clinical Information System

provides information technology solutions and services that enhance the administrative operations.

Administrative Health Information System

Monitor and control financial aspects of facility

Financial Information systems

Track and manage people within the organization

Human Resources information systems

Assist management and staff in making decisions

Decision support systems

Provides permanent record of patients treated at the facility

Master patient Index

Systems collect info on patients receiving treatment

Patient Registration

Allow the facility to make efficient use of resources such as operating rooms

Scheduling Systems

Combine a number of applications required to manage a physician practice

Practice Management Systems

Manage supplies and equipment within the facility

Materials Management Information systems

Allow physical plant operations to control the automated systems within the facility for patient safety and comfort

Facilities Management systems

A learning system based on formalized teaching but with the help of electronic resources

E-learning

a live audio or audiovisual meeting with two or more participants

Teleconferencing

Types of teleconferencing

audio, video, and web

These voice-only calls are conducted similar to normal telephone calls but can support up to 100 participants

Audio teleconferencing

This form of teleconferencing combines live visual and audio mediums. Users in the meeting can use features such as screen sharing or file sharing

Video teleconferencing

teleconference services or mediums provided online, which includes web meetings, webinars and webcasts

Web teleconferencing

an online event that is hosted by an organization/company and broadcast to a select group of individuals through their computers via the Internet.

Webinar

Finals Flashcards

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