Finals Flashcards
(120 cards)
Vertebrates fell ___% from 1970 due to human cause
60
The World Wide Fund for Nature and Zoological Society
in London reported an annual decrease in wildlife of __%, major cause is human population has doubled in number
2
refers to the
relationship between the variety of life on Earth (including plants, animals, and microorganisms) and the well-being of human communities
Biodiversity and Healthy Society
refers to the variety of life
on Earth, including different
species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity within species
Biodiversity
community of living organisms (plants,
animals, microorganisms) interacting with each other and their
physical environment such as air, water, and soil) in a specific area
Ecosystem
MAJOR THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY IDENTIFIED BY THE UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT
PROGRAMME
- HABITAT LOSS AND DESTRUCTION
- ALTERATION NI ECOSYSTEM COMPOSITION
- OVEREXPLOITATION
- POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION
- GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
MAJOR CONTRIBUTING FACTOR IS THE
INHABITATION OF HUMAN BEINGS AND THE USE OF LAND FOR ECONOMIC GAINS
HABITAT LOSS AND DESTRUCTION
ALTERATIONS AND SUDDEN CHANGES, EITHER WITHIN SPECIES GROUPS OR WITHIN THE
ENVIRONMENT COULD BEGIN TO CHANGE ENTIRE ECOSYSTEM.
ALTERATION NI ECOSYSTEM COMPOSITION
OVERHUNTING, OVERFISHING, OR OVER- COLLECTING OF SPECIES CAN QUICKLY LEAD TO
ITS DECLINE
OVEREXPLOITATION
BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS RESPOND SLOWLY TO CHANGE IN THEIR SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
POLLUTION AND CONTAMINATION
CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE CAUSE BIODIVERSITY LOSS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
the code that controls much of the body’s form and function. controls everything from hair color and height to breathing, walking and digesting food.
DNA
Genes that don’t work properly can cause disease. Sometimes these genes are called
mutations
aims to fix a faulty gene or replace it with a healthy gene to try to cure disease or make the body better able to fight disease
Gene therapy
research studies that help healthcare
professionals find out whether a gene therapy approach is safe for people
Clinical trials
segments of DNA that determine our traits
Genes
Every human has between ________ and _________ different genes
20k-25k
are long, bundled strands of DNA, each of which contains many genes. In total, there are two sets of 23 chromosomes in a cell. Each set is inherited from our biological parents
Chromosomes
aims to modify the genes to enhance the capabilities of the organism
beyond what is normal
Genetic engineering
TYPES OF GENE THERAPY
-in vivo
-ex vivo
Scientists put the vector carrying the new genes directly into your body via an injection or intravenous (IV) infusion
In vivo (inside your body)
Scientists extract cells from your body and introduce them to the vector inside a petri dish. Then, your altered cells are returned ot your body, where they’ll hopefully multiply
Ex vivo (outside your body)
Benefits of in vivo therapies
-can deliver vectors across the body, useful for bone or blood diseases
-quicker and less invasive
