FINALS

Question 1

The first stage of mortality decline is due to reductions in__________ and _____________by air or water.

Answer 1

contagious

infectious diseases

Question 2

Preventive medicine,___________ vaccine, played significantly in the mortality decline in the_______ century.

Answer 2

small pox

eighteenth

Question 3

Improved____________ also helped as income rose.

Answer 3

personal hygiene

Question 4

The __________of diseases became more widely known and accepted.

Answer 4

gem theory

Question 5

Another major factor in the early phases of growing life expectancy is improvement in__________.

Answer 5

nutrition

Question 6

The world’s demographic transition started in__________, where mortality began a secular________ around_________.

Answer 6

northwest Europe

decline

1800

Question 7

Famine mortality was reduced by improvements in___________ and____________.

Answer 7

storage

transportation

Question 8

Secular increases in________ led to improved nutrition in__________ and throughout life.

Answer 8

incomes

childhood

Question 9

____________is positively associated with height in the industrial country populations

Answer 9

Life expectancy

Question 10

In recent decades, the continuing reduction in mortality is due to reductions in_________ and degenerative diseases, notably _________and_________

Answer 10

chronic

heart disease

cancer

Question 11

In the later part of the century, publicly organized and funded____________ has played an increasingly important part, and the__________ project and___________ research promise future gains.

Answer 11

biomedical research

human genome

stem cell

Question 12

In _______, life expectancy rose from around 24 years in 1920 to 62 years today, a gain of .48 years per calendar year over 80 years.

In________, life expectancy rose from 41 in 1950–1955 to 70 in 1995–1999, a gain of .65 years per year over 45 years.

Answer 12

India

China

Question 13

On the optimistic side,_____________(2002) offer a remarkable graph that plots the highest national __________________attained for each calendar year from 1840 to 2000.

Answer 13

Oeppen and Vaupel

female life expectancy

Question 14

The points fall close to a straight line, starting at__ years in________ and ending at__ years in________, with a slope of 2.4 years per decade. If we boldly extend the line forward in time, it reaches 97.5 years by mid-century and____ years by_____.

Answer 14

45
Sweden

85
Japan

109

2100

Question 15

___________projections are based on extrapolation of trends in age-specific death rates over the past 50 or 100 years

Answer 15

Less optimistic

Question 16

Between___ and____, marital fertility began to decline in most European provinces, with a median decline of about__ percent from 1870 to 1930 (Coale and Treadway, 1986, p. 44).

Answer 16

1890

1920

40

Question 17

Most economic theories of fertility start with the idea that____ wish to have a certain number of_______, rather than births per se.

Answer 17

couples

surviving children

Question 18

Some of the improvement in child survival is itself a response to__________ to invest more in the____ and_____ of a smaller number of children (Nerlove, 1974).

Answer 18

parental decisions

health

welfare

Question 19

Bearing and rearing children is.

Answer 19

time intensive

Question 20

Technological progress and increasing physical and human capital make labor more.

Answer 20

productive

Question 21

means crossing the boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain minimum period (Boyle et al. 1998).

Answer 21

Migration

Question 22

is the crossing the frontiers which separate one of the world’s approximately 200 states from another.

Answer 22

International migration

Question 23

Many scholars argue that internal and international migration are part of the same process; they should be_________(Skeldon 1997)

Answer 23

analyzed together

Question 24

is the movement of people from one area like a province, a district, or municipality to another within one country.

Answer 24

Internal migration

Question 25

Migration tends to be regarded as________. It has to be______ and_______, for it may bring unpredictable changes.

Answer 25

Problematic controlled curbed

Question 26

who migrate for a limited period of time in order to work and send remittances to families in the country of origin.

Answer 26

Temporary labor migrants-

Question 27

people with qualifications such as the managers, executives, professionals, technicians, and the like, who move within the internal labor markets of transnational corporations and international organizations.

Answer 27

Highly-skilled and business migrants-

Question 28

- also known as the undocumented or illegal migrants. They enter the country in search for employment with no necessary documents and permits.

Answer 28

Irregular migrants

Question 29

are those who move across borders in search of protection

Answer 29

Asylum seekers

Question 30

also known as family reunion or family reunification migrants.

Answer 30

Family members

Question 31

they often represent family strategies to maximize income and survival chances (Hugo, 1994).

Answer 31

Migration decisions are made not just by individuals-

Question 32

are those who are unable or unwilling to return to their country because of a ‘well-founded fear or persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion

Answer 32

Refugees

Question 33

started to dominate global capitalism.

Answer 33

Milton Friedman

Question 34

Since 2007, many countries had been trying to restore_______.

Answer 34

stabilization

Question 35

became a fantastic escape from the sustainability dilemma.

Answer 35

Technology

Question 36

model from the 1950’s saw the only chance for innovations.

Answer 36

The Solow-Swan

Question 37

The_____ figure was roughly equal to 2% of the world’s population.

Answer 37

1990

Question 38

in a broader sense, this includes not only refugees and asylum seekers but also people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or development projects like new factories, roads or dams.

Answer 38

Forced migration

Question 39

Differences in_________ with regard to fertility, mortality, age-structure, and labor-force growth causes__________.

Answer 39

demographic patterns Migration

Question 40

According to _____________theory, the main cause of migration is individual’s efforts to maximize their income by moving from low-wage to high-wage economies.

Answer 40

neo-classical

Question 41

The ______________figures show that the global migrant stock (the number of people resident in a place outside their country of birth) grew from____ million in 1965 to_____ million in 1990.

Answer 41

United Nations 75 120

Question 42

The number of_____ grew slightly faster than world population as a whole, but the annual growth rate of 1.9% for the whole period increasing to 2.6% from__________ was not dramatic

Answer 42

migrants 1985-1990

Question 43

______________remain a fairly small minority. Internal migration, conversely, is much larger, for instance the number of internal migrants in_____ in 1981 was some__________ more than double the number of international migrants in the whole world at that time.

Answer 43

International migrants India 200 million,

Question 44

The significance of migration as a major factor in societal change lies in the fact that it is

Answer 44

concentrated in certain countries and regions.

Question 45

affects certain areas within both the sending and the receiving countries more than others.

Answer 45

Migration

Question 46

needs to take place in an orderly way to safeguard the human rights of migrants.

Answer 46

Migration

Question 47

Between_______ and_________, the actual and projected trajectories for the More, Less and Least Developed Countries are plotted.

Answer 47

1950 2050

Question 48

The combination of__________ and________ determines population growth.

Answer 48

fertility mortality

Question 49

Rising incomes have shifted consumption demand toward___________ and services, for which____________ is a more important input.

Answer 49

industrial goods educated labor

Question 50

Transnational organizations like Amnesty International, Oxfam, and Greenpeace.

Answer 50

Global Citizenship

Question 51

Poses a direct challenge to states when groups within one country ignore or oppose official policies to create links with citizens in other countries.

Answer 51

Global Civil Society

Question 52

The implication of global civil society must depend on how it is defined and on the comparative powers within it.

Answer 52

Political And Economic

Question 53

The world’s largest bioethanol producing countries.

Answer 53

United States and Brazil

Question 54

Often shields people from the society they are visiting, has nothing to do with increasing international understanding and may hay harmful effects on the environment and local culture.

Answer 54

Mass Tourism

Question 55

The image of this is still part of a cosmopolitan view of the world of learning.

Answer 55

Wandering scholar

Question 56

Transnational organizations pursue professional or social interests.

Answer 56

International Politics

Question 57

Transnational movements usually involve what movements? Sometimes, they encompass more extreme form of resistance.

Answer 57

Political Lobbying

Question 58

The existence of this social groups and institution has been seen as essential to democratization both in remaining communist regimes such as China and in other authoritarian states.

Answer 58

Autonomous

Question 59

Conceptualized civil society as the sphere defined by the market economy, and its resulting individualism and socially divisive effects.

Answer 59

Hegel and Marx

Question 60

The global crisis in the _______opened the gates of new economic ideas.

Answer 60

1970’s

Question 61

These crises were mainly attributed to major________ but particularly alarming with their contagion effects.

Answer 61

political mistakes

Question 62

__________and__________ in 1980’s proposed a new theory called, the New Growth Theory.

Answer 62

Paul Rome Robert Lucas

Question 63

(World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) said that ‘development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs’ deserves the label of sustainability.

Answer 63

Brutland Report

Question 64

(2009) expressed that within a few years, every economy moves through periods of rapid growth with rising demand, higher inflation and dropping unemployment, followed by depression with reversal phenomena.

Answer 64

Knoop

Question 65

There was a___________ that happened in 1929, when the economy collapsed in a dramatic way after long years of post-war prosperity and overproduction.

Answer 65

Great Depression

Question 66

In 2030 Urban populations and the number of______ dwellers in_____ and______ are set to double.

Answer 66

slum Africa Asia

Question 67

_____________2011, the global food price spike in 2010-2011 may have consigned an additional____ million around the globe to a life of poverty and food insecurity.

Answer 67

Rastello and Pugh, 44

Question 68

_________in position,___________ and resistance to__________ are the words associated with stability.

Answer 68

Firmness permanence change

Question 69

______Wrote the famous book, Tragedy of Commons that analyzed how public goods got exhausted by actors in a free market economy.

Answer 69

Hardin

Question 70

Since women have had primary responsibility for___________ and rearing, variations in the productivity of women have been particularly important.

Answer 70

childbearing

Question 71

_________refers to indexes that describe the economy in short term categories.

Answer 71

Economic Activity

Question 72

is premised on the idea that stabilization could be produced control of amount of money in circulation.

Answer 72

Monetarism

Question 73

Global capitalism fitted well with___________, which expanded with the free market reforms of______________ in the USA and Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom.

Answer 73

neo-liberalism Ronald Reagan

Question 74

The 1990’s still experienced world economy collapses such as the Asian financial crisis in__________, the Russian crisis followed by the disaster in__________ that started in 1999.

Answer 74

19987 Argentina

Question 75

are the forms of protests and riots in numerous countries around the world happened.

Answer 75

Civil Unrest

Question 76

A sheer increase of the number of resources added to input could lead to diminishing

Answer 76

marginal returns only.

Question 77

The prevalence of food insecurity is manifested by the presence of hunger and.

Answer 77

malnourishment

Question 78

The ____________factors like human capital and education were recognized as crucial for growth and their application was free from the steady state of classical resources.

Answer 78

endogenous

Question 79

In the 19th century, the issue of____________ considered mainly social conditions in early industrial capitalism.

Answer 79

sustainability

Question 80

Modern debate on sustainability focused mainly on_________ questions

Answer 80

environmental

Question 81

In 1968,________ wrote the famous book, Tragedy of Commons that analyzed how public goods got exhausted by actors in a free market economy (Hardin, 1968).

Answer 81

Garret Hardin

Question 82

The______________ published, The ___________that dealt with the connection between economic growth and the scarcity of resources.

Answer 82

Club of Rome Limits to Growth

Question 83

Rising awareness of the sustainability problem in environmental issues and resources translated also into

Answer 83

International Cooperation.

Question 84

, the prices of key staples such as wheat, rice, maize, and soy bean as well as edible oils all soared.

Answer 84

In the Global food prices

Question 85

____________perspectives started to be visible not only in the environmental area but also on the theme of_____________

Answer 85

Sustainability overpopulation

Question 86

____________, a German sociologist, has predicted these things to happen years back, and has coined the term, “_____________”.

Answer 86

Ulrich Beck risk society

Question 87

The______, 2012 defines it as ‘avoiding large swings in economic activity, high inflation, and excessive volatility in exchange rates and financial markets.

Answer 87

IMF

Question 88

has become one of the challenges of the 21stcentury.

Answer 88

Global food security

Question 89

(2010) mentioned that food security is associated with the availability of food at the local, national and global levels.

Answer 89

Mcdonald

Question 90

__________mentioned that in subsequent decades, three distinct paradigm shifts took place to significantly influence the food security discourse and international agenda.

Answer 90

Maxwell

Question 91

The___________ shift highlighted the importance of livelihood security.

Answer 91

second paradigm

Question 92

Maxwell mentioned that The______ shift indicates a move away from a purely calorie-counting approach to food security, to one that incorporates subjective measures of what it means to be food-secure, including access to food that is preferable.

Answer 92

third

Question 93

The impact of food prices spikes has been most devastating to those who are in the

Answer 93

poverty level

Question 94

The global food price crisis in ____________led to poverty, approximately 100 million people got stuck deeper into poverty

Answer 94

2007-2008

Question 95

, The UN special Rapporteur on the right to food, stated that the sudden, ill-conceived, rush to convert food into fuels is a recipe for disaster.

Answer 95

Jean Ziegler

Question 96

IMF highlighted that___________ were responsible for almost half the increase in the total consumption of key food crops in 2006-2007.

Answer 96

biofuels

Question 97

Naylor et at., 2007, mentioned that the largest quantities of biodiesel, which is made from edible oils, come from ____________,________,________, and_______.

Answer 97

Germany France United States Italy

Question 98

The__________ trends in Asia have serious implications for food systems in the region and elsewhere,

Answer 98

demographic