FINALS

Question 1

ratio of actual area of the
contracted section of the stream or
jet to the area of the opening
through which the fluid flows

Answer 1

Coefficient of Contraction

Question 2

an orifice with
prolonged side, having a length
of 2 or 3 times its diameter

Answer 2

Short Tube

Question 3

instrument used in measuring the discharge through pipes

Answer 3

venturimeter

Question 4

According to venturi principle: neglecting head lost, the ______ in kinetic energy is equal to the ______in potential
energy

Answer 4

increase, decrease

Question 5

bent (L-shaped or U-shaped) tube with both ends open and is
used to measure the velocity of fluid flow or velocity of air flow as
used in airplane speedometer

Answer 5

pitot tube

Question 6

are overflow structures which are built across an open channel for the purpose of measuring or controlling the flow of liquids

Answer 6

weirs

Question 7

when the path of individual fluid particles do not
cross or intersect.

Answer 7

laminar flow

Question 8

when the path of individual particles are
irregular and continuously cross each other.

Answer 8

turbulent flow

Question 9

the velocity below which
all turbulence are damped
out by the viscosity of fluid.

Answer 9

critical velocity

Question 10

represented by Re=2000

Answer 10

crtical velocity

Question 11

the velocity below which
all turbulence are damped
out by the viscosity of fluid.

Answer 11

critical velocity

Question 12

ratio of the inertia force to viscous force

Answer 12

reynolds number

Question 13

applicable only to the flow of water in pipes larger than 50 mm and
velocities less than 3 m/s

Answer 13

hazen williams formula

Question 14

caused by the changes
in direction or velocity of flow.

Answer 14

minor losses

Question 15

These losses can usually be neglected if the length of the pipeline is greater
than 1500 times the pipe’s diameter.

Answer 15

minor losses

Question 16

In this method, a complex system of
pipes is replaced by single hydraulically
equivalent pipe.

Answer 16

equivalent pipe

Question 17

the energy per unit weight relative to the bottom of
the channel

Answer 17

specific energy

Question 18

depth at which uniform
flow will occur in an open
channel.

Answer 18

normal depth

Question 19

Fn<1.0

Answer 19

upper stage

Question 20

Fn=1.0

Answer 20

critical stage; critical depth

Question 21

Fn<1.0

Answer 21

upper/ tranquil stage; sucritical depth

Question 22

Fn>1.0

Answer 22

lower stage; supercritical depth

Question 23

the ratio of the inertia force to
gravity force

Answer 23

froude number

Question 24

in critical depth, discharge is:

Answer 24

maximum

Question 25

in critical depth, specific energy is:

Answer 25

minimum

Question 26

the ratio of the inertia force to gravity force

Answer 26

froude number

Question 27

the resistive force acting parallel to the relative flow velocity.

Answer 27

drag

Question 28

the component of the resultant force exerted by a fluid on a body perpendicular to the relative flow velocity

Answer 28

lift

Question 29

depends mainly on cross sectional area of bidy presented to the fluid

Answer 29

form drag

Question 30

depends mainly on smoothness of surface of object moving through the fluid

Answer 30

surface drag

Question 31

for fast relative velocity, _____ pressure

Answer 31

lower

Question 32

It is the constant velocity acquired by the body when the total upward force equals the weight of the body.

Answer 32

terminal velocity

Question 33

for slow relative velocity, _____ pressure

Answer 33

higher

Question 34

resulting shock (pressure rise) in a pipeline caused by the sudden decrease or stoppage of motion of fluid

Answer 34

water hammer

Question 35

velocity of wave resulting from pressure increase along the pipe

Answer 35

celerity

Question 37

It is the part of the weir with which the fluid come in contact

Answer 37

crest

Question 38

The vena contracta of a sharp-edged orifice usually occurs at a distance _____ from the orifice

Answer 38

0.5D