Finals Flashcards
(66 cards)
1
Q
Collectivization
A
- socialism
- agricultural system where private farms were eliminated and the government owned the land and the peasants who worked on it, as a result, peasants revolted by hoarding food and crops and slaughtering livestock leading to widespread famine
- the famine resulted in 10 million deaths between 1932 to 1933, so Stalin gave each farm worker one small privately-owned garden plot
2
Q
New Economic Policy
A
- Lenin’s plan to revive USSR
- small private businesses could operate for profit
- peasants could sell crops for profit in open markets
- heavy industry, banking, and transport still under government control
- mixed economy; socialist and capitalist
3
Q
Dawes Plan
A
- allowed the French into the Ruhr mines in order to get the money they needed to pay off the reparations
4
Q
Nuremberg Laws
A
- enforced anti-Semitic laws and segregation of Jews
5
Q
Aryan
A
- term used to identify people speaking Indo-European languages, the Nazis misused the term by treating it as a racial designation and identifying the Aryans with the ancient Greeks and Romans and twentieth-century Germans and Scandinavians
- Hitler had a goal of forming an Aryan racial state that would dominate Europe, and potentially the world for generation to come, as the Nazis thought the Germans were the true descendants and leaders of the Aryans and would create an empire
6
Q
New Deal
A
- FDR plan to recover from the Great Depression
7
Q
Enabling Act
A
- allowed Hitler and the Nazis to make plans without the Reichstag (German Parliament) and President’s approval
8
Q
Totalitarianism
A
modern form of dictatorship where the government aims to control political, economic, social, intellectual, and cultural lives of citizens
pushed for power of the central state
led by a single leader and party
the goal of conquering the minds and hearts of people was achieved through mass propaganda and modern communication
natural rights are not respected
good for the country, not the individual
dictator doesn’t need anyone’s approval to make decisions
9
Q
Fasicsm
A
political philosophy that puts the state above the individual and highlights the need for a strong central government ruled by a dictator
in a fascist state, the government controls the people and gets rid of any enemies
traditional social attitudes and controlled the media and used propaganda and organizations to achieve goals
10
Q
Great Depression
A
- a period of low economic activity and rising unemployment
11
Q
League of Nation
A
- created after WWI
- tried to create peace
12
Q
Stalin’s Five Year Plans
A
- Stalin’s plan to modernize and industrialize Russia
13
Q
French New Deal
A
- based on U.S. New Deal
14
Q
Benito Mussolini
A
- dictator of Italy
- started Fascist party
15
Q
Josef Stalin
A
- member of the Politburo; used his position as general secretary to gain control of the Communist Party
- 1926, removed Bolsheviks
1927, removed rival Leon Trotsky from the party - 1928, ended Lenin’s New Economic Policy and launched his Five Year Plans to turn Russia from an agricultural to an industrial country focusing on military and capital goods; which quadrupled heavy machinery production and doubled oil production
16
Q
Treaty of Versailles
A
- ended WWI
- Violated by Germany
- had to pay reparations and stay out of the Rhineland
- limited army to 100,000 soldiers
17
Q
Adolf Hitler
A
- dictator and head of the Nazi party
18
Q
Nazis
A
- National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP)
- right-wing extreme nationalist parties in Munich
- by summer of 1921, Hitler had taken control of the party
- party militia; SA storm troopers or Brownshirts
- in prison after Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler realized they had to attain power legally
19
Q
Sanctions
A
- restrictions intended to enforce international law
- Japan needed oil and scrap iron from the U.S. but were threatened with economic sanction if they exploited economic resources in French Indochina, resulting in Japan attacking the U.S. and European colonies
20
Q
Demilitarization
A
- removing or reducing weaponry and military personnel from a place
21
Q
Rome-Berlin Axis
A
- pact between Italy and Germany
- Hitler and Mussolini
- alliance
22
Q
Non-Aggression Pact
A
- alliance with Hitler and Stalin
23
Q
Appeasement
A
- appeased Germany’s actions
- let them get away with their bad actions
23
Q
Cold War
A
- period of political tension following World War II and ending with the fall of Communism and the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s
24
Kamikaze
- Japanese for "divine wind"; a suicide mission in which young Japanese pilots intentionally flew their airplanes into U.S. fighting ships at sea
25
Blitz
- the German term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during World War II
26
Mobilization
- the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
27
Japan's New World Order
- Japan wanted to unite Eastern Asian countries
- push out Western influence
28
Germany's New World Order
- build Aryan empire
- Anti-Semitism
29
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
- two atomic bombs from the Manhattan Project aka Cilian Murphy
30
Iwo Jima
-Battle that got closest island to mainland
31
Normandy Invasion
- On the way into taking back France/Paris
32
Battle of Britain
- air battle with Germany and Britain
- Germany targeted buildings and cities to break people's morale, gave the royal air force time to rebuild
33
Battle of Stalingrad
- beginning of Soviets pushing westward
- Germans surrendered
- Eastern Front
34
Holocaust
- Final solution led by SS
- Death camps
- genocide
35
Winston Churchill
- British prime minister who opposed appeasement
- iron curtain after WWII
36
Island Hopping
- U.S. hopped from one island to another to get as close to the mainland as possible
37
Caste System
- social security based on birth with no progressive movement; tied to Hinduism
38
Varna
- levels of the caste system
Brahmins (priests, teachers)
Kshatriyas (warriors, rulers)
Vaishyas (merchants, traders)
Shudras (laborers)
Untouchables
39
Hinduism
- religion
- polytheistic
- reincarnation
40
Mohandas Gandhi
- an Indian lawyer and activist who supported India's independence from Britain, achieving it through non-violent protests
41
Jawaharlal Pandit Nehru
- under the Indian Independence Act of 1947, Nehru became prime minister of Hindu-dominated India
42
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
- governor general of Pakistan, with a Muslim majority
43
Civil disobedience
- the refusal to obey unjust laws
44
Satyagraha
- Gandhi's nonviolence resistance to end injustice
- aka "truth force"
45
Partition
- being divided; apartheid
46
Secular
- country that has no official religion
47
Coalition
- a government where several parties join to rule
- usually disagree
48
Parliamentary democracy
- based on British form of government, president has little power, most power goes to party that wins most parliamentary seats, leader of the party becomes prime minister
49
Amritsar Massacre
- a turning point in the demand of freedom and separation from Britain, over 10,000 Indians disobeyed the restriction opposing all public gatherings, gathering in the Amritsar when British General Reginald Dyer's troops fired upon them, killing 379 Indians and wounding over 1,100
50
Apartheid
- separated black and white South Africans
51
African National Congress
- South African political organization that fought against apartheid and racial discrimination
52
Nelson Mandela
- activists who believed in ending the Apartheid
53
F.W. de Klerk
- first White South African president
- helped free Nelson Mandela
54
Albert Luthuli
- head of the ANC who urged for non-violence resistance against Apartheid and won Nobel Peace Prize
55
Desmond Tutu
- African American leader in South Africa
- fight against Apartheid
56
Genocide
- the deliberate mass murder of physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group
57
Tutsi
- Dutch made them the most superior because they looked the most caucasian
58
Hutu
- when the Dutch put them in groups, the lowest group
- rebelled against Tutsi
59
Twa
- middle group of South Africans
60
Mao Zedong
- dictator and chairmen of People's Republic of China
61
Mao's Communism
- similar to Marx's communism but didn't remove officials and party members, still had authority and power, and superiority
62
Chang Kai-shek
- leader of China during WWII
- appeased Japan, let them take land
63
Cultural Revolution
- revolution sparked by the controversy brought by Mao over Confucius ideas compared to Communism
- Mao tried to stop every disagreement or rebuke against his Communist beliefs
64
Deng Xiaoping
- Mao's successor
- four modernizations
65
Hong Kong
- China took Hong Kong, trading port and city, back from Britain after the opium war
