Finals Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
North –South divide
A
“North (Haves)” refers to the modern industrialized nations, most of which happen to be located in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, and “South (Have-nots)” signifies the poorer nations, most located in the equatorial region or in the Southern Hemisphere.
2
Q
The concept of a North-South division of the world was popularized by whom?
A
West German foreign minister Willy Brandt
3
Q
phrase coined by the French journalists to describe nations that were neither part of the Western world nor of the Communist bloc
A
“Third World”
4
Q
the spiritual father of the nonaligned Third World movement who was the prime minister of India. He declared that “we will not attach ourselves to any particular group, neither the Communist nor the Western Camp”
A
Jawaharlal Nehru
5
Q
criticized “colonialism in all of its manifestations,” a direct swipe at the remaining colonial presence in the Third World as well as the Soviet Union’s presence in Eastern Europe.
A
Bandung Conference
6
Q
High Population Growth
A
The death rate fell while the birthrate either rose or remained constant. The introduction of modern medicines, the eradication of the communicable diseases, and improved public health and education all contributed to a reduced rate of infant mortality and an increased life expectancy.
In most developing countries, the larger the number of children in a family, the greater the number of hands in the fields or in the factories, where they were able to earn money to supplement their parents’ meager income.
to men, who tended to disdain all artificial birth control methods and for whom having many children was a sign of virility and moral rectitude.
Additionally, the problems of overpopulation in the Third World were compounded by an ongoing exodus of people from the surrounding countryside migrating into already overcrowded cities in quest of a better life.
7
Q
Agrarian Sector/Agrarian Dilemma
A
- Natural causes
- Abuse of the land
- Primitive farming methods
- Inequality of landholdings
- Lack of capital for agricultural development
- one-crop economies
8
Q
Industrialization
A
- Capital accumulation
- Technology
- Education
- Favorable trading conditions
- Political Stability
- Capital investment
9
Q
Artificial borders created by colonial masters (Africa)
A
the most baleful legacy of European colonialism was the artificiality of the national boundaries created .
European imperialist often hastily drew new boundaries with little or no recognition of the ethnic makeup of Africa.
most African states were much larger and contained within them many more ethnic groups—and thus, were more difficult to manage than smaller states.
10
Q
two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which retained ethnic uniformity
A
Lesotho
Swaziland
11
Q
had the worst cases of mixed population and different ethnic entities
A
Nigeria
Belgian Congo
12
Q
Biafran War
A
The “census” of Hausa-Fulani declared that they contained an absolute majority of the population and thus could create a government dominated by the Hausas and Fulanis. Ibos staged and coup and established military regime.
The Hausa-Fulani, mainly Muslims, feared and resented a largely Christian and better educated Ibos and saw the coup as an attempt to destroy the power of the Hausa-Fulani oligarchy.
13
Q
three factions of the self-governing regions
A
Hausa-Fulani
Yoruba
Ibo
14
Q
Africa’s strongest loyalties were to family and ethnic group
A
Tribalism
15
Q
Great Freedom railroad linking landlocked Zambia with the Tanzanian port city
A
China
16
Q
Financial backing and Developmental aid to Guinea & Angola.
A
Soviet Union
17
Q
Capital is Luanda
A
Angola
18
Q
the largest ethnic group in Angola
A
Ovimbundu
19
Q
MPLA
A
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
20
Q
FNLA
A
National Front for the Liberation of Angola
21
Q
UNITA
A
National Union for the total Independence of Angola
22
Q
a blend of Marxist ideas and indigenous African notions
A
African Socialism
23
Q
formerly South Rhodesia
A
Zimbabwe
24
Q
3 war-torn countries in South Africa from the impact of the end of the cold war. Former colonies of Portugal
A
Namibia
Angola
Mozambique
25
Literally “the land of the Fur (people)
Darfur
26
What happened to Darfur
Nomadic tribes was set into rivalry against the indigenous Fur who had long cultivated the land
Darfur rebels, organized as the Sudanese liberation Army, alleging governmental discrimination and exploitation, attacked military garrisons
40% of the government’s armed forces came from Darfur and therefore were reluctant to fight against the rebel Darfur
Janjaweed literally “evil horsemen” or “Bandits” was and Arab group created to solve the conflict in Darfur; which then also sought to establish an Arab belt South of Africa
27
mujahidin (Freedom fighters)
protecting their own people.
28
Eritrea
became Ethopia
29
Formation of Zimbabwe
the whites of Southern Rhodesia resisted a calling for independence. The result was a war of nearly twenty years In the end, the independence movement led by Robert Mugabe triumphed; a black majority government under Mugabe.
30
huge estates owned by the elite
Latifundios
31
small parcels of land held by most farmers. These were often too small to provide subsistence even for small families.
Minifundios
32
an emotive term referring to the pattern of US (Yankee) domination and interference in Latin America
Yanqui Imperialism
33
– the United States claimed for itself a special role in the Western Hemisphere as the protector of the weaker countries to the south.
Monroe Doctrine of 1823
34
policy of 1933 by President Franklin Roosevelt. Washington sought to strengthen its bond with Latin America countries by plying them with military and economic aid, taking the lead in forming an organization for regional collective security and creating bilateral defense agreements.
Good Neighbor policy
35
the program by President John Kennedy was meant to take the steam out of leftist movements across Latin America by pledging $20 billion over ten years for economic investments. It also called for the establishment of democratic governments
1961 Alliance for Progress program
36
a group of islands which was a British possession better known as the Falkland Islands, some 300 miles off Argentina’s coast.
The Malvinas
37
was the ruthless in Argentine history. He suspended congress, the courts, political parties, and labor unions and vested all power in a nine-man military commission
General Jorge Rafael Videla
38
stands out among the nations of South America both because of its Portuguese background and because of its vast natural resources and immense size
Brazil
39
His most extravagant project was the founding of a spectacular new capital city, Brasilia, located in the interior of the country
Juscelino Kubitschek
40
a proud symbol of the nation’s future – was designed to spur the development of the interior region.
Brasilia
41
– restricted the powers of the congress, arrogated greater powers to the presidency, disenfranchised political parties, and sought to crush the labor unions
Institutional acts
42
was the most orderly and democratic country in Latin America
the main source of copper for the United States
Chile
43
became the world’s first freely elected Marxist head of state.
Salvador Allende
44
DISAPPEARED ONES/ “DISAPPEARING"
General Augusto Pinochet started the disappeared ones. He formed a “Caravan of Death” with soldiers traveling throughout the country to carry out summary executions. It was under Pinochet that Latin America experienced the first cases of people simply “disappearing”.
45
meaning that the armed forces had the right to step in whenever they felt their interests were threatened.
“Guarantor of institutionality”
46
a position that granted Pinochet immunity from criminal charges for atrocities committed under his seventeen-year rule.
“Senator for life”
47
an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.
Alberto Fujimori
48
campaigned as the fervid champion of a “Bolivarian revolution”
Hugo Chavez of Venezuela
49
the first indigenous president of Bolivia, a forty-six-year old Amaya Indian and former cocalero or coca grower.
Evo Morales
50
was the poorest state in a poor country
Chiapas
51
one of the dangerous places on earth because of the engagement in the torture and murder of civilians as well as in the drug trade.
Colombia
52
the military strongman of Panama. He became the first head of a foreign state to be convicted of criminal charges in a US court.
Manuel Noriega
53
Mao Zedong
politics command over economy. Marxist ideology had greater priority than economic growth.
54
Politics take command
every activity in China was to be defined in Marxist terms.
55
Cultural Revolution
it is a revolution within an ongoing revolution.
56
two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which retained ethnic uniformity
Lesotho
| Swaziland
57
had the worst cases of mixed population and different ethnic entities
Nigeria
| Belgian Congo
58
Biafran War
The “census” of Hausa-Fulani declared that they contained an absolute majority of the population and thus could create a government dominated by the Hausas and Fulanis. Ibos staged and coup and established military regime.
The Hausa-Fulani, mainly Muslims, feared and resented a largely Christian and better educated Ibos and saw the coup as an attempt to destroy the power of the Hausa-Fulani oligarchy.
59
three factions of the self-governing regions
Hausa-Fulani
Yoruba
Ibo
60
Africa’s strongest loyalties were to family and ethnic group
Tribalism
61
Great Freedom railroad linking landlocked Zambia with the Tanzanian port city
China
62
Financial backing and Developmental aid to Guinea & Angola.
Soviet Union
63
Capital is Luanda
Angola
64
the largest ethnic group in Angola
Ovimbundu
65
MPLA
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
66
FNLA
National Front for the Liberation of Angola
67
UNITA
National Union for the total Independence of Angola
68
a blend of Marxist ideas and indigenous African notions
African Socialism
69
formerly South Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
70
3 war-torn countries in South Africa from the impact of the end of the cold war. Former colonies of Portugal
Namibia
Angola
Mozambique
71
Literally “the land of the Fur (people)
Darfur
72
What happened to Darfur
Nomadic tribes was set into rivalry against the indigenous Fur who had long cultivated the land
Darfur rebels, organized as the Sudanese liberation Army, alleging governmental discrimination and exploitation, attacked military garrisons
40% of the government’s armed forces came from Darfur and therefore were reluctant to fight against the rebel Darfur
Janjaweed literally “evil horsemen” or “Bandits” was and Arab group created to solve the conflict in Darfur; which then also sought to establish an Arab belt South of Africa
73
mujahidin (Freedom fighters)
protecting their own people.
74
Eritrea
became Ethopia
75
Formation of Zimbabwe
the whites of Southern Rhodesia resisted a calling for independence. The result was a war of nearly twenty years In the end, the independence movement led by Robert Mugabe triumphed; a black majority government under Mugabe.
76
huge estates owned by the elite
Latifundios
77
small parcels of land held by most farmers. These were often too small to provide subsistence even for small families.
Minifundios
78
an emotive term referring to the pattern of US (Yankee) domination and interference in Latin America
Yanqui Imperialism
79
– the United States claimed for itself a special role in the Western Hemisphere as the protector of the weaker countries to the south.
Monroe Doctrine of 1823
80
policy of 1933 by President Franklin Roosevelt. Washington sought to strengthen its bond with Latin America countries by plying them with military and economic aid, taking the lead in forming an organization for regional collective security and creating bilateral defense agreements.
Good Neighbor policy
81
the program by President John Kennedy was meant to take the steam out of leftist movements across Latin America by pledging $20 billion over ten years for economic investments. It also called for the establishment of democratic governments
1961 Alliance for Progress program
82
a group of islands which was a British possession better known as the Falkland Islands, some 300 miles off Argentina’s coast.
The Malvinas
83
was the ruthless in Argentine history. He suspended congress, the courts, political parties, and labor unions and vested all power in a nine-man military commission
General Jorge Rafael Videla
84
stands out among the nations of South America both because of its Portuguese background and because of its vast natural resources and immense size
Brazil
85
His most extravagant project was the founding of a spectacular new capital city, Brasilia, located in the interior of the country
Juscelino Kubitschek
86
a proud symbol of the nation’s future – was designed to spur the development of the interior region.
Brasilia
87
– restricted the powers of the congress, arrogated greater powers to the presidency, disenfranchised political parties, and sought to crush the labor unions
Institutional acts
88
was the most orderly and democratic country in Latin America
the main source of copper for the United States
Chile
89
became the world’s first freely elected Marxist head of state.
Salvador Allende
90
DISAPPEARED ONES/ “DISAPPEARING"
General Augusto Pinochet started the disappeared ones. He formed a “Caravan of Death” with soldiers traveling throughout the country to carry out summary executions. It was under Pinochet that Latin America experienced the first cases of people simply “disappearing”.
91
meaning that the armed forces had the right to step in whenever they felt their interests were threatened.
“Guarantor of institutionality”
92
a position that granted Pinochet immunity from criminal charges for atrocities committed under his seventeen-year rule.
“Senator for life”
93
an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.
Alberto Fujimori
94
campaigned as the fervid champion of a “Bolivarian revolution”
Hugo Chavez of Venezuela
95
the first indigenous president of Bolivia, a forty-six-year old Amaya Indian and former cocalero or coca grower.
Evo Morales
96
was the poorest state in a poor country
Chiapas
97
one of the dangerous places on earth because of the engagement in the torture and murder of civilians as well as in the drug trade.
Colombia
98
the military strongman of Panama. He became the first head of a foreign state to be convicted of criminal charges in a US court.
Manuel Noriega
99
Mao Zedong
politics command over economy. Marxist ideology had greater priority than economic growth.
100
Politics take command
every activity in China was to be defined in Marxist terms.
101
Cultural Revolution
it is a revolution within an ongoing revolution.
102
two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which retained ethnic uniformity
Lesotho
| Swaziland
102
two countries in Sub-Saharan Africa which retained ethnic uniformity
Lesotho
| Swaziland
103
had the worst cases of mixed population and different ethnic entities
Nigeria
| Belgian Congo
103
had the worst cases of mixed population and different ethnic entities
Nigeria
| Belgian Congo
104
Biafran War
The “census” of Hausa-Fulani declared that they contained an absolute majority of the population and thus could create a government dominated by the Hausas and Fulanis. Ibos staged and coup and established military regime.
The Hausa-Fulani, mainly Muslims, feared and resented a largely Christian and better educated Ibos and saw the coup as an attempt to destroy the power of the Hausa-Fulani oligarchy.
104
Biafran War
The “census” of Hausa-Fulani declared that they contained an absolute majority of the population and thus could create a government dominated by the Hausas and Fulanis. Ibos staged and coup and established military regime.
The Hausa-Fulani, mainly Muslims, feared and resented a largely Christian and better educated Ibos and saw the coup as an attempt to destroy the power of the Hausa-Fulani oligarchy.
105
three factions of the self-governing regions
Hausa-Fulani
Yoruba
Ibo
105
three factions of the self-governing regions
Hausa-Fulani
Yoruba
Ibo
106
Africa’s strongest loyalties were to family and ethnic group
Tribalism
106
Africa’s strongest loyalties were to family and ethnic group
Tribalism
107
Great Freedom railroad linking landlocked Zambia with the Tanzanian port city
China
107
Great Freedom railroad linking landlocked Zambia with the Tanzanian port city
China
108
Financial backing and Developmental aid to Guinea & Angola.
Soviet Union
108
Financial backing and Developmental aid to Guinea & Angola.
Soviet Union
109
Capital is Luanda
Angola
109
Capital is Luanda
Angola
110
the largest ethnic group in Angola
Ovimbundu
110
the largest ethnic group in Angola
Ovimbundu
111
MPLA
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
111
MPLA
Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola
112
FNLA
National Front for the Liberation of Angola
112
FNLA
National Front for the Liberation of Angola
113
UNITA
National Union for the total Independence of Angola
113
UNITA
National Union for the total Independence of Angola
114
a blend of Marxist ideas and indigenous African notions
African Socialism
114
a blend of Marxist ideas and indigenous African notions
African Socialism
115
formerly South Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
115
formerly South Rhodesia
Zimbabwe
116
3 war-torn countries in South Africa from the impact of the end of the cold war. Former colonies of Portugal
Namibia
Angola
Mozambique
116
3 war-torn countries in South Africa from the impact of the end of the cold war. Former colonies of Portugal
Namibia
Angola
Mozambique
117
Literally “the land of the Fur (people)
Darfur
117
Literally “the land of the Fur (people)
Darfur
118
What happened to Darfur
Nomadic tribes was set into rivalry against the indigenous Fur who had long cultivated the land
Darfur rebels, organized as the Sudanese liberation Army, alleging governmental discrimination and exploitation, attacked military garrisons
40% of the government’s armed forces came from Darfur and therefore were reluctant to fight against the rebel Darfur
Janjaweed literally “evil horsemen” or “Bandits” was and Arab group created to solve the conflict in Darfur; which then also sought to establish an Arab belt South of Africa
118
What happened to Darfur
Nomadic tribes was set into rivalry against the indigenous Fur who had long cultivated the land
Darfur rebels, organized as the Sudanese liberation Army, alleging governmental discrimination and exploitation, attacked military garrisons
40% of the government’s armed forces came from Darfur and therefore were reluctant to fight against the rebel Darfur
Janjaweed literally “evil horsemen” or “Bandits” was and Arab group created to solve the conflict in Darfur; which then also sought to establish an Arab belt South of Africa
119
mujahidin (Freedom fighters)
protecting their own people.
119
mujahidin (Freedom fighters)
protecting their own people.
120
Eritrea
became Ethopia
120
Eritrea
became Ethopia
121
Formation of Zimbabwe
the whites of Southern Rhodesia resisted a calling for independence. The result was a war of nearly twenty years In the end, the independence movement led by Robert Mugabe triumphed; a black majority government under Mugabe.
121
Formation of Zimbabwe
the whites of Southern Rhodesia resisted a calling for independence. The result was a war of nearly twenty years In the end, the independence movement led by Robert Mugabe triumphed; a black majority government under Mugabe.
122
huge estates owned by the elite
Latifundios
122
huge estates owned by the elite
Latifundios
123
small parcels of land held by most farmers. These were often too small to provide subsistence even for small families.
Minifundios
123
small parcels of land held by most farmers. These were often too small to provide subsistence even for small families.
Minifundios
124
an emotive term referring to the pattern of US (Yankee) domination and interference in Latin America
Yanqui Imperialism
124
an emotive term referring to the pattern of US (Yankee) domination and interference in Latin America
Yanqui Imperialism
125
– the United States claimed for itself a special role in the Western Hemisphere as the protector of the weaker countries to the south.
Monroe Doctrine of 1823
125
– the United States claimed for itself a special role in the Western Hemisphere as the protector of the weaker countries to the south.
Monroe Doctrine of 1823
126
policy of 1933 by President Franklin Roosevelt. Washington sought to strengthen its bond with Latin America countries by plying them with military and economic aid, taking the lead in forming an organization for regional collective security and creating bilateral defense agreements.
Good Neighbor policy
126
policy of 1933 by President Franklin Roosevelt. Washington sought to strengthen its bond with Latin America countries by plying them with military and economic aid, taking the lead in forming an organization for regional collective security and creating bilateral defense agreements.
Good Neighbor policy
127
the program by President John Kennedy was meant to take the steam out of leftist movements across Latin America by pledging $20 billion over ten years for economic investments. It also called for the establishment of democratic governments
1961 Alliance for Progress program
127
the program by President John Kennedy was meant to take the steam out of leftist movements across Latin America by pledging $20 billion over ten years for economic investments. It also called for the establishment of democratic governments
1961 Alliance for Progress program
128
a group of islands which was a British possession better known as the Falkland Islands, some 300 miles off Argentina’s coast.
The Malvinas
128
a group of islands which was a British possession better known as the Falkland Islands, some 300 miles off Argentina’s coast.
The Malvinas
129
was the ruthless in Argentine history. He suspended congress, the courts, political parties, and labor unions and vested all power in a nine-man military commission
General Jorge Rafael Videla
129
was the ruthless in Argentine history. He suspended congress, the courts, political parties, and labor unions and vested all power in a nine-man military commission
General Jorge Rafael Videla
130
stands out among the nations of South America both because of its Portuguese background and because of its vast natural resources and immense size
Brazil
130
stands out among the nations of South America both because of its Portuguese background and because of its vast natural resources and immense size
Brazil
131
His most extravagant project was the founding of a spectacular new capital city, Brasilia, located in the interior of the country
Juscelino Kubitschek
131
His most extravagant project was the founding of a spectacular new capital city, Brasilia, located in the interior of the country
Juscelino Kubitschek
132
a proud symbol of the nation’s future – was designed to spur the development of the interior region.
Brasilia
132
a proud symbol of the nation’s future – was designed to spur the development of the interior region.
Brasilia
133
– restricted the powers of the congress, arrogated greater powers to the presidency, disenfranchised political parties, and sought to crush the labor unions
Institutional acts
133
– restricted the powers of the congress, arrogated greater powers to the presidency, disenfranchised political parties, and sought to crush the labor unions
Institutional acts
134
was the most orderly and democratic country in Latin America
the main source of copper for the United States
Chile
134
was the most orderly and democratic country in Latin America
the main source of copper for the United States
Chile
135
became the world’s first freely elected Marxist head of state.
Salvador Allende
135
became the world’s first freely elected Marxist head of state.
Salvador Allende
136
DISAPPEARED ONES/ “DISAPPEARING"
General Augusto Pinochet started the disappeared ones. He formed a “Caravan of Death” with soldiers traveling throughout the country to carry out summary executions. It was under Pinochet that Latin America experienced the first cases of people simply “disappearing”.
136
DISAPPEARED ONES/ “DISAPPEARING"
General Augusto Pinochet started the disappeared ones. He formed a “Caravan of Death” with soldiers traveling throughout the country to carry out summary executions. It was under Pinochet that Latin America experienced the first cases of people simply “disappearing”.
137
meaning that the armed forces had the right to step in whenever they felt their interests were threatened.
“Guarantor of institutionality”
137
meaning that the armed forces had the right to step in whenever they felt their interests were threatened.
“Guarantor of institutionality”
138
a position that granted Pinochet immunity from criminal charges for atrocities committed under his seventeen-year rule.
“Senator for life”
138
a position that granted Pinochet immunity from criminal charges for atrocities committed under his seventeen-year rule.
“Senator for life”
139
an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.
Alberto Fujimori
139
an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.an inexperienced politician of Japanese ancestry who presented himself as the champion of “true democracy” and the common man.
Alberto Fujimori
140
campaigned as the fervid champion of a “Bolivarian revolution”
Hugo Chavez of Venezuela
140
campaigned as the fervid champion of a “Bolivarian revolution”
Hugo Chavez of Venezuela
141
the first indigenous president of Bolivia, a forty-six-year old Amaya Indian and former cocalero or coca grower.
Evo Morales
141
the first indigenous president of Bolivia, a forty-six-year old Amaya Indian and former cocalero or coca grower.
Evo Morales
142
was the poorest state in a poor country
Chiapas
142
was the poorest state in a poor country
Chiapas
143
one of the dangerous places on earth because of the engagement in the torture and murder of civilians as well as in the drug trade.
Colombia
143
one of the dangerous places on earth because of the engagement in the torture and murder of civilians as well as in the drug trade.
Colombia
144
the military strongman of Panama. He became the first head of a foreign state to be convicted of criminal charges in a US court.
Manuel Noriega
144
the military strongman of Panama. He became the first head of a foreign state to be convicted of criminal charges in a US court.
Manuel Noriega
145
Mao Zedong
politics command over economy. Marxist ideology had greater priority than economic growth.
145
Mao Zedong
politics command over economy. Marxist ideology had greater priority than economic growth.
146
Politics take command
every activity in China was to be defined in Marxist terms.
146
Politics take command
every activity in China was to be defined in Marxist terms.
147
Cultural Revolution
it is a revolution within an ongoing revolution.
147
Cultural Revolution
it is a revolution within an ongoing revolution.
