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Animal Genetics > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

KILL THIS FINAL

1
Q

A measure of strength of the relationship between true values and their predictions for a trait; value that describes reliability of an estimate; associated with EBVs and EPDs

A

Accuracy

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2
Q

Advanced statistical model for genetic prediction that is used to evaluate all animals (as opposed to just sires) in a population; the most popular type of BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) model

A

Animal Model

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3
Q

Method of genetic prediction that is particularly appropriate when date come from genetically diverse contemporary groups

A

BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction)

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4
Q

Improvement in the overall performance of crossbred offspring resulting from crossing breeds of different but complementary biological types; when the characteristics of different breeds complement each otter in a crossbreeding system

A

Breed Complementarity

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5
Q

Relatives that are neither direct ancestors nor direct descendants of an individual (siblings, aunts, uncles, etc)

A

Collateral Relatives

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6
Q

don’t know yet

A

Common Environmental Effect

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7
Q

Group of animals that have experienced a similar environment with respect to expression of a trait. Contemporaries typically perform in the same location, are of the same breed and sex, are of similar age and have been managed alike. The reason breeders use contemporary groups is to account for contemporary group effects, that is, environmental effects that are common to all members of the group

A

Contemporary Group

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8
Q

Genetic change in one or more traits resulting from selection for another trait

A

Correlated Response to Selection

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9
Q

Mating of sires of one breed or breed combination to dams of another breed or breed combination

A

Crossbreeding

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10
Q

Method used to compare performance of an animal for a particular trait within a contemporary group; the difference between the performance of an individual and the mean performance of its contemporaries

A

Deviation

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11
Q

Effect of an individual’s genes on its performance

A

Direct Effect

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12
Q

Genetic change in a trait resulting from selection for that trait

A

Direct Response to Selection

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13
Q

Selection for a trait as a means of improving that same trait

A

Direct Selection

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14
Q

Measure of strength of the relationship between environmental effects of 2 traits

A

Environmental Correlation

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15
Q

Prediction of genetic value derived from the application of genetic theory and statistics to performance records; estimate of unknown breeding value. Measures twice the expected EPD when both are expressed as deviations from the average

A

Estimated Breeding Value

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16
Q

Estimate/prediction of how much better or poorer an individual’s progeny will perform compared to the average of all individuals in the breed

A

Expected Progeny Difference

17
Q

Animals with same sire and dam

A

Full Sibs

18
Q

Average age of parents with offspring in a herd or flock; average time lapse between both and an animal and birth of its replacement; progress is slowed when generation intervals are long and hastened when the interval is shortened

A

Generation Interval

19
Q

Branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (full DNA sequences)

A

Genomics

20
Q
  • Mating system designed to create a purebred population by mating successive generations of non-purebred females to purebred sires
  • Mating system designed to convert a population from one breed to another by mating successive generations of females descended from the first breed to sires of the second breed
  • Using purebred males of one breed on females of any other breed and keeping the female offspring from successive generations as replacements, eventually resulting in high grade or “purebred” animals
A

Grading Up

21
Q

Animals with either the same dam or sire, but not both

A

Half Sibs

22
Q

(Hybrid Vigor) Superiority of a crossbred individual relative to the average performance of the purebred parents included in the cross

A

Heterosis

23
Q

(Heterosis) Increase in performance of thyroids over that of purebreds, most noticeably in traits like fertility and survivability

A

Hybrid Vigor

24
Q

Selection for one trait as a means of improving a genetically correlated trait

A

Indirect Selection

25
Q

I don’t know yet

A

Intensity of Selection

26
Q

Genetic evaluation of large populations-typically entire breeds

A

Large-Scale Genetic Evaluation

27
Q

I don’t know yet

A

Linecrossing

28
Q

Effect of genes in dam of an individual that influence the performance of the individual through the environment provided by the dam; any environmental influence that the sam contributes to the phenotype of her offspring (instinct, milk, ability, etc)

A

Maternal Effects

29
Q

I don’t know yet

A

Medelian Sampling

30
Q

Mating of unrelated animals within a breed; has the opposite effect of inbreeding

A

Outbreeding (Outcrossing)

31
Q

Phenomenon of a single gene affecting more than one trait

A

Pleiotropy

32
Q

Measure of potential error associated with EPD values

A

Possible Change

33
Q

I don’t know yet

A

Progeny Difference

34
Q

Rate of change in the mean breeding value of a population caused by selection

A

Response to Selection (Genetic Change)

35
Q

Crossbreeding system in which generations of females are “rotated” among sire breeds in such a way that they are mated to sires whose breed composition is most different from their own; designed to maintain high levels of heterosis while also allowing conventional female production; with use of 2-multiple males

A

Rotational Cross

36
Q

How much better or worse the individual is compared to the entire group eligible for selection; difference in mean of those chosen to be parents and mean of the particular trait

A

Selection Differential

37
Q

Measure of how “choosy” breeders are in deciding which individuals are selected ; smaller the proportion of offspring saved for replacements the greater the selection intensity and therefore larger selection differential

A

Selection Intensity

38
Q

System designed to make maximum use of both heterosis and complementarity by crossing 2,3, or 4 breeds

A

Terminal Cross

Animal Genetics (3 decks)

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