Finals Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Indirectly observable
A
Abstract concepts
2
Q
Observable w/ use of senses
A
Concrete concepts
3
Q
Holds as truth
A
Assumptions
4
Q
Called principles; are theoretical statements that specify the proposed relationships of the concepts of a theory.
A
Propositions
5
Q
Improves nursing practice
A
Nursing Theory
6
Q
Various descriptions; convey meaning and reduce vagueness
A
Definitions
7
Q
Most abstract level of knowledge; four major nursing concepts
A
Metaparadigm
8
Q
Second knowledge structure level
A
Philosophy
9
Q
Florence Nightingale
A
Environmental Theory
10
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Closely related to the presence of pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light
A
Health of Houses
11
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Noxious air affect the client’s health; temperature should not be too warm/too cold
A
Ventilation and Warmth
12
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Take the patient outside for direct sunlight; keep the rooms well lighted
A
Light
13
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Sudden noise, thoughtless chatter, and whispering in a patient’s room should be avoided
A
Noise
14
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Dirty environ. is a source of infection; removal of dust should be don w/ the use of damp cloth; beddings should be chaned and aired frequently; a clean room is a healthy room
A
Cleanliness of Rooms, Walls, and Beddings
15
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Unwashed skin poisoned the patient; this concept is also extended to nurses
A
Personal Cleanliness
16
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Is vital to patient’s recovery; beautiful objects, brilliant colors, cut flowers, reading, needle work, writing, and pets alleviate suffering
A
Variety
17
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Provision of diff. variety of food indicated for patient’s condition is vital for the patient’s early recovery
A
Nutrition and Taking Food
18
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Giving falls hope is disturbing to the patient because this causes them to worry and become fatigued
A
Chattering Hopes and Advices
19
Q
Nightingale Canons:
Te patient’s environ. should be well-managed to protect the patient from physical & psychological harm
A
Petty Management
20
Q
Nightingale Canons:
There should be precise, specific and individualized questions and observations to provide appropriate actions
A
Observation of the Sick
21
Q
Patricia Benner
A
From Novice to Expert
22
Q
The person has no background experiences of the situation in which he/she is involved. Level in which nirsing students belong.
A
Novice
23
Q
The person has sufficient experience to easily understand aspects of the situation. He can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance; guided by rules and oriented by task completion. Newly graduated nurses
A
Advanced Beginner
24
Q
Nurse demonstrates conscious and deliberate planning. Considers consistency, predictability, and time management as essentials. Most essential in clinical learning cuz the learner must know how to recognize patterns
A
Competent
25
Perceives the situation as a whole. They no longer rely on the preset goals of the organization. Has ability to turn the focus away from self and toward the patient.
Proficient
26
No longer relies on analytical principle to connect his/her understanding of the situation.
Expert
27
Ernestine Wiedenbach
The Prescriptive Theory
28
Quality of nursing care; known as commitment. Which the nurse wants to accomplish; the overall goal toward which she is striving. Based on the individual nurse's philosophy
Central Purpose
29
Based on central purpose; directive for activity that specifies both the nature of the action and the necessary thought process. May be voluntary or involuntary.
Prescription
30
Consist of all factors physical, physiological, psychological, emotional, and spiritual that are at play in a situation
Realities of the Situation
31
The 5 realities:
| Refers to the nurse; propelling force that moves the actions
The Agent
32
The 5 realities:
The reipient of nursing actions; vulnerable, dependent on others, and risks losing individuality, dignity, worth, and autonomy
The Recipient
33
The 5 realities:
| The desired outcome
The Goal
34
The 5 realities:
| The way on how the agent meets the goal
The Means
35
The 5 realities:
Influenced the reality; consists of the human, environ., and organizational facilities that affect the nurse's ability to obtain her goal.
The Framework
36
Faye Glenn Abdellah
Twenty-One Nursing Problems
37
Problem-Solving process
1. Identify the problem
2. Selecting the relevant data
3. Formulating the hypothesis
4. Testing the hypothesis through collection of data
5. Revising hypothesis when necessary on thr basis of conclusion obtained from the data
38
21 Nursing Problem:
| Basic to All Patients
1. To maintain good hygiene & physical comfort
2. Promote optimal activity; exercise, rest and sleep
3. Promote safety through prevention of accidents, injury or other trauma
4. Maintain good body mechanics and prevent and correct deformity
39
21 Nursing Problem:
| Sustental Care Needs
5. To facilitate the maintenance of a supply of oxygen to all body cells
6. Facilitate the maintenance of nutrition of all body cells
7. Facilitate the maintenance of elimination
8. Facilitate the maintenance of fluid & electrolyte balance
9. Recognize the physiological responses of the body to disease conditions
10. Facilitate the maintenance of the regulatory mechanism and functions
11. Facilitate the maintenance of sensory functions
40
21 Nursing Problem:
Remedial Care Needs
(Refers to emotional response or reaction)
12. Identify and accept positive abd negative expressions, feelings and reactions
13. Identify & accept interrelatedness of emotions and organic illness
14. Facilitate maintenance of effective verbal & non verbal communications
15. Promote the develop. of productive interpersonal relationships
16. Facilitate progress toward achievement and persobal spiritual goals
17. Create or maintan a therapeutic environ.
18. Facilitate awareness of self as an individual w/ varying physical, emotional, & develop. needs
41
21 Nursing Problem:
Restorative Care Needs
(All interventions & problem reflected to recovery of patient)
19. Accept the optimum possible goals in the light of limitations, physical & emotional
20. Use community resources as an aid in resolving problems arising from illness
21. Understand the role of social problems as influencing factors in the cause of illness
42
Virginia Henderson
Fourteen Fundamental Human Needs
43
14 Fundamental Human Needs:
| 1-9 physiological
1. Breathe normally
2. Eat & drink adequately
3. Eliminate body waste
4. Move and maintain desirable posture
5. Sleep and rest
6. Select suitable clothes
7. Maintain normal body temp.
8. Keep body clean and well groomed
9. Avoid dangers in the environment & avoid injuring others
44
14 Fundamental Human Needs:
| 10 & 14 Psychological
10. Communicate w/ others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinons
14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal develop. and health
45
14 Fundamental Human Needs:
| 11 Spiritual and Moral
11. Worship according to one's faith
46
14 Fundamental Human Needs:
| 12 & 13 Occupation and Recreation
12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
13. Play and participate in various forms of recreation
47
Basis to determine appropriate care needed to alleviate the illness or injury
Biophysiological Concept
48
Learned from the family and other social groups
Concept of Culture
49
Ability to react and understand the patient's thoughts, feelings, and responses
Interaction-Communication
50
Lydia Hall
Care, Core, Cure
51
Nurturing component; concerned w/ bodily care. Nurse's goal is the comfort of the patient; create a therapeutic relationship
Care: The Body
52
(Psychological; mental needs of the patient)
Therapeutic use of self. Developing an interpersonal relationshipbw/ the patient. Use of reflectice technique (acting as a mirror for the patient)
Core: The Person
53
Based in the pathological and therapeutic sciences; assists the doctors by doing medical tasks or functions
Cure: The Disease
54
Myra Estern Levine
Conservation Principles
55
Process whereby the patient maintains integrity within the realities of the environment; result of interaction between the person and his internal & external environment
Adaptation
56
Based pn past experiences and genetic pattern
Historicity
57
Responses in relation to a particular challenge
Specificity
58
Options available to the individual to ensure continued adaptation
Redundancy
59
Product of adaptation; describes the way complex systems are able to continue to function even when severely challenged
Conservation
60
Four Conservation Principle:
| Requires a balance of energy and a constant renewal of energy to maintain life activities
Conservation of Energy
61
Four Conservation Principle:
| Healing process; maintaining or restoring the structure of the body
Conservation of Structural Integrity
62
Four Conservation Principle:
| Recognition of the wholeness of each person
Conservation of Personal Integrity
63
Four Conservation Principle:
Gains meaning through social communities and health. Nurses fulfill professional roles & use interpersonal relationships to conserve social integrity
Conservation of Social Integrity
64
Mutually between diversified functions and parts within an entirety. Exists when the interaction or constant adaptations to the environ. permit ease
Wholeness (Hollism)
65
Ida Jean Orlando
The Nursing Process
66
Deliberately achieves the purpose of helping the patient. (Only considered professional if you meet the needs of the patients)
Professional Function of Nursing
67
Observable verbal or nonverbal behavior of the patient.
Behavior of the Patient
68
Encompasses the patient's use of language
Verbal Behavior
69
Includes physiological manifestations, motor activity, and vocal tone
Nonverbal Behavior
70
Beginning of the nursing process. Includes the nurse's perceptions, thoughts, and feelings. Occur automatically & almost simultaneously.
Inmediate reaction of the nurse
71
3 sequential parts of reaction:
1. Nurse perceives the behavior through senses
2. Perception leads to automatic thought
3. Thought produces an automatic feeling
72
Identifying the needs of the patient, response of the nurse, and nursing action
Nursing Process
73
Nursing action can be carried out in 2 ways:
1. Automatic- primarily concerned w/ carrying out doctor's orders
2. Deliberative- ascertain and meet the needs of fhe patient
74
Self-Care Deficit Theory
Dorothea Orem
75
Acquired ability of mature and maturing persons. It is the human ability to engage in self-care: defined as the practice of activities that individuals personally initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being
Self-Care Agency
76
3 dimensions in self-care agency
1. Development & Operability: consistently & effectively perform to maintain life processes
2. Adequacy: operations in which persons can engage and the operations required to meet a self-care demand
3. Self-care requisites: reason for which self-care is undertaken; they express the intended or desired results
77
3 types of self-care requisites:
1. Universal self-care requisites: maintain the integrity of human structures and functioning and are associated w/ life processes
2. Developmental self-care requisites: promotes life and maturation; deleterious to maturation; growth and developmental processes(occur durin develop. stage
3. Health Deviation self-care requisites: care needed by individual who are ill or injured; correct illness or injury
78
Summation of care measures necessary to meet all of an individual's known self-care requisites. Can be affected by factors known as basic conditioning factors
Therapeutic self-care Demand
79
Inability of an individual to carry out all necessary self-care activities. It is on this human-human interaction that a caring moment or caring occasion occurs
Self-care Deficit
80
Plan of care developed by the nurse to meet the person's self-care deficit
Nursing System
81
3 systems in nursing system:
| Situation in which the patient has no active role in the performance of self-care activities
Wholly Compensatory
82
3 systems in nursing system:
| Situation in which both nurse and patient perform care measures
Partially Compensatory
83
Situation in which the patient is able to and should learn to perform required therapeutic self-care measures but needs assistance
Supportive-Educative
84
Behavioral System Model
Dorothy Johnson
85
The system is flexible to accommodate the influences affecting it and to achieve abilityv& balance for effective functioning
Behavioral System
86
A mini system w/ its own particular goal and function that can be maintained as long as its relationship to the other subsystems/wnviron. is not disturbed
Subsystem
87
Johnson's Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
Also known as attachment susbsystem; first response system. Attachment to a significant other; gives the person a sense of security
Affiliative Subsystem
88
Johnson's Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
| Precipitate nurturing behavior from other individuals
Dependency Subsystem
89
Johnson's Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
Relates to the behaviors surrounding the intake of food. Emphasizes the condition such as social events, culture, and health practices that affect it.
Ingestive Subsystem
90
Johnson's Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
| Behaviors surrounding the excretion of waste products from the body
Elliminative Subsystem
91
Related to procreation. Development of gender role identity and behaviors
Sexual Subsystem
92
Concerned w/ protection and self-preservation; defensive responses
Aggressive Subsystem
93
Johnson's Seven Behavioral Subsystems:
| Provokes behaviors that attempt to control the environment, and achieve mastery.
Achievement Subsystem
94
Sience of Unitary Human Being
Martha Rogers
95
Fundamental unit of the living and the non-living; infinite & dynamic, meaning, it is continuously moving and flowing
Energy Field
96
Also known as unitary human being; this field is identified by pattern and characteristics that are specific to the whole. Cannot be predicted from knowledge of the parts
Human Field
97
This field is identified by pattern and integral w/ the human field
Environmental Field
98
Allow for an interchange of energy and matter between the fields, the preferred terminology being that there is a "continuous process"
Open System (Openness)
99
Rogers described the energy field as "pandimensional"; a non-linear domain w/o spatial or temporal attributes, it is limitless
Pandimentionality
100
Distinguishing or identifying characteristic of an energy field; has unique identifiable pattern revealed through human manifestations. Patterns continue to change and may manifest disease, illness, feelings, or pain.
Pattern
101
Adaptation Model
Sister Callista Roy
102
Process and outcome whereby thinking and feeling persons as individuals or in grps, use conscious awareness and choice to create human and environmental integration; combining of stimuli that represents the condition of the life processes
Adaptation
103
Present when the adaptation level is working as a whole
Integrated Processes
104
Occur when the human's response system have been activated
Compensatory Processes
105
Occur when compensatory and integral processes are not providing adaptation
Compromised Processes
106
Stimuli:
Internal or external stimulus that is immediately in the awareness of the individual which immediately confront the individual
Focal
107
Stimuli:
| All other stimuli present in the situation that contribute to the effect of the focal stimulus
Contextual
108
Stimuli:
| Within or outside human systems; effects of which are unclear in the situation
Residual
109
Output of the human system and takes form of either an adaptive responses or ineffective responses. Responses act as a "feedback"
Behavior (output)
110
Promote the integrity of the human system. Is able to meet the goals in terms of survival, growth, reproduction, mastery, and transformations
Adaptive Responses
111
Do not support the goal of humans; can immediately or gradually threaten the system's survival, growth, reproduction, mastery, or transformation
Ineffective Responses
112
Includes both innate and acquired coping mechanisms
Coping Process
113
Genetically determined or common to species; automatic process
Innate Coping
114
Learned or deceloped through customary responses
Acquired Coping
115
Coping processes promote adaptation in human adaptive system; not directly observable
Adaptive Modes
116
Organized system of accepted knowledge that is composed, compositions and assumptions to explain a set of fact, event or phenomena
Theory
