Finals

Question 1

The thing from which everything else comes(also called Prime Reality)

Answer 1

Ultimate Reality

Question 2

Understandable;product of a rational mind

Answer 2

Intelligible

Question 3

The universe was designed by God

Answer 3

God Hypothesis

Question 4

Effect on wavelength of receding objects

Answer 4

Redshift

Question 5

Matter and energy are everything and have existed forever

Answer 5

Materialism

Question 6

Recent group of authors who call themselves anti-theists

Answer 6

New Atheism

Question 7

Reasoning from effect back to cause

Answer 7

Abductive Reasoning

Question 8

The science of the origin and development of the universe

Answer 8

Cosmology

Question 9

Having a limited existence;not always here

Answer 9

Finite

Question 10

How is worldview a type of faith?

Answer 10

It is a belief in a system of thought,a personal philosophy,and a hypothesis about ultimate reality

Question 11

Does faith assume that you have no evidence for believing in what you do?Explain

Answer 11

No because faith might be something you believe in for which you have some really good reasons

Question 12

What is the most important questions that a person’s worldview answers?

Answer 12

What is the prime reality?

Question 13

What worldview do most atheists hold to?According to this worldview,where does all matter in the universe come from?

Answer 13

Materialism and according to atheists all the matter in the universe has existed forever

Question 14

Which worldview was held by most of the founders of modern science,including Kepler,Galileo,and Newton?

Answer 14

Theism

Question 15

Which major worldview is represented in the movie,Star Wars?

Answer 15

Pantheism

Question 16

How can abductive reasoning help us to determine the origin of the universe?

Answer 16

We can look for evidence in the world to help us reason bacteria to a cause

Question 17

The 19th century saw a dramatic move away from theism toward undirected evolution.Was this the result of scientific discovery or the personal philosophy of many scientists?

Answer 17

Personal philosophy of scientists because they wanted a reason to prove that God wasn’t real.

Question 18

In the 1920’s,what did Edwin Hubble discover about the universe?

Answer 18

That the universe was expanding

Question 19

What theory arose from this discovery?

Answer 19

The Big Bang Theory

Question 20

How does the Big Bang theory support the Biblical claim that “In the beginning,God created the heavens and the earth”?

Answer 20

An affirmation that the first event took place in a finite time in the past-but doesn’t tell you what caused that first event

Question 21

What does the God Hypothesis include that the Big Bang theory does not?

Answer 21

Where it all began or that it began by God

Question 22

Describe the 3 cosmological theories and the evidence that supports or disproves them

Answer 22

Steady State Theory is disproved because Sir Fred Hoyle tried to come up with another theory to explain the expansion of the universe that did not imply that there was a beginning to the universe
The Oscillating Universe Theory is wrong because the measururements show that there’s only a small fraction of the needed mass in order to cause a gravitational re-collapse
Creatio ex Nihilo is proved right because the field equations of general relativity proved that the universe began at a zero point in both time and space,which coincides with the biblical account of creation out of nothing

Question 23

The act of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence

Answer 23

Inference

Question 24

Hypothetical contents of a living cell-the “goo inside the globule” idea

Answer 24

Protoplasm

Question 25

How you get from non-living chemicals to the first living organism

Answer 25

Chemical Evolution

Question 26

How you get from simple life forms to complex (Darwin's Theory of Evolution)

Answer 26

Biological Evolution

Question 27

Every physical parameter set just right to make the galaxies and life possible

Answer 27

Fine-Tuning

Question 28

Imaginary ocean of amino acids at Earth's beginning

Answer 28

Prebiotic Soup

Question 29

Universe collapsing inward if its expansion rate were slower

Answer 29

Big Crunch

Question 30

Function dependent on the arrangement of the parts

Answer 30

Sequence Specificity

Question 31

Fine-tuning is no suprise since we wouldn't be here otherwise

Answer 31

Weak Anthropic Principle

Question 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid;a molecule which stores and transmits hereditary information within the cell

Answer 32

DNA

Question 33

Our universe is the outcome of a cosmic lottery

Answer 33

Many Worlds Hypothesis

Question 34

Desirable traits in the chemicals of the "prebiotic soup" were selected and passed on to create the digital code (DNA)

Answer 34

Prebiotic Natural Selection Hypothesis

Question 35

What is the most "compelling evidence" for the intelligent design of the universe?

Answer 35

The fine-tuning of the laws of Physics and Chemistry

Question 36

How many conditions in the universe must be "just right" in order for human life to exist?What are some of these conditions?

Answer 36

35 conditions must be set just right one of the conditions is a fine-tuner

Question 37

What evidences lead us to infer that something has been designed?

Answer 37

An IPad,DNA molecule,Mt.Rushmore

Question 38

What is the problem with the Weak Anthropic Principle?

Answer 38

There is no explanation of the cause of the necessary conditions for life

Question 39

What is the problem with the Many Worlds Hypothesis?

Answer 39

Who or what is generating the universes?We have no evidence of other universe

Question 40

What is the side of debate about Intelligent Design?

Answer 40

Things look designed because they are designed

Question 41

What is the side of the debate about Darwinism?

Answer 41

Things look designed but they are not designed

Question 42

What does Biological Evolution explain?

Answer 42

It explains how you get from simple pre-existing forms of life to more complex forms of life

Question 43

What does Chemical Evolution explain?

Answer 43

It explains how you get the first cell

Question 44

In Darwin's day,what did scientists think about the makeup of a cell?

Answer 44

They thought that cells were made up of protoplasm (a jello-like goo)

Question 45

What is the function of DNA within the cell?

Answer 45

It contains information (digital code)that directs the making of proteins

Question 46

Give an example of something that is sequence specific

Answer 46

Letters in a word

Question 47

In human experience,what is the only source of specified,functional information

Answer 47

Proteins

Question 48

To what does Bill Gates compare DNA?

Answer 48

A software program

Question 49

All of life is made up of proteins-what are the odds that a single functional protein could come together by chance?

Answer 49

One chance in 10 to the 164th power

Question 50

About how many proteins does it take to make up the simplest single-cell organism?

Answer 50

About 250

Question 51

Why are serious scientists no longer thinking that life beg a by chance?

Answer 51

Because it takes 250 proteins to form a minimally complex single cell organism

Question 52

What is the problem with the Prebiotic Natural Selction Hypothesis?

Answer 52

It's not alive yet.Natural selection depends on reproduction:it presupposes organisms that can copy themselves

Question 53

What is the problem with the Self-Organization Hypothesis?

Answer 53

Natural forces of attraction do not explain the information produced

Question 54

If something has the appearance of design,what do we naturally conclude?

Answer 54

It really is designed

Question 55

What 20th century discovery has made these scientists unable to explain the origin of life?

Answer 55

They cannot explain the origin of the information of DNA

Question 56

If you're trying to explain an event in the remote past,you must invoke a "cause"known to produce the effect in question.In our experience,what "cause" produces information?

Answer 56

Intelligence

Question 57

Why is the intelligent design hypothesis not a option for many scientists?

Answer 57

They refuse to include Intelligent design as part of science

Question 58

What should be the most important rule of science?

Answer 58

Follow the evidence wherever it leads-to the truth

Question 59

Based on facts rather than feelings or opinions

Answer 59

Objective

Question 60

Based on feelings or opinions rather than facts

Answer 60

Subjective

Question 61

Moral sentiments evolved to promote human survival and reproductive success

Answer 61

Evolutionary Ethics

Question 62

Discovered DNA structure

Answer 62

Watson and Crick

Question 63

Only materialistic theories allowed

Answer 63

Methodological Naturalism

Question 64

Evidence in the fossil record of the sudden appearance of major forms in life

Answer 64

Cambrian Explosion

Question 65

Beliefs about what is right behavior and what is wrong behavior

Answer 65

Morality

Question 66

Morality stems from God's character and how He designed human beings to function best

Answer 66

Virtue Ethics

Question 67

No objective standard of morality;only personal preferences

Answer 67

Relativism

Question 68

What evidence do we now have in the fossil record that disproves Darwin's idea of a gradual morphing of life forms over time?

Answer 68

The sudden appearance of all the major new "body plans"...to form new types of animals

Question 69

What are 3 key conditions for an objective morality?

Answer 69

1. Objective Standard 2. Human Free Will 3. Intrinsic Value of Humans

Question 70

Describe "Theistic Virtue Ethics."

Answer 70

God's moral injunctions are a reflection not only of His character,but also reflect how He designed humans and by obeying Him we will function the way He intended

Question 71

What does the Materialist believe about morality-about what is right and wrong?

Answer 71

Ethics are purely relative;they are merely personal preferences

Question 72

What do materialists think of the idea of human free will?Explain.

Answer 72

There is no personal choice.We are totally decided by genes,environment,and our evolutionary history.

Question 73

To the materialist,what is just as valuable as human life?

Answer 73

Animal's lives

Question 74

Describe the philosophy of moral relativism

Answer 74

It's all a matter of personal preference;it's merely opinion

Question 75

What is the problem with relativism?

Answer 75

It implies that there are no real ethical disagreements-only differences in taste

Question 76

What are some things you can't do if you are a moral relativist?

Answer 76

Can't accuse others of wrong-doing,can't complain about being mistreated,can't blame others or accept moral praise,and can't make charges of unfairness and justice

Question 77

In spite of what they may say,explain how the actions of all people reveal that they truly do believe in moral standards.

Answer 77

If somebody dropped their wallet and a relativist picked it up it wouldn't be wrong but if the relativist dropped their wallet they'd want somebody to return to them

Question 78

Describe evolutionary ethics.What is the problem with this idea?

Answer 78

They are moral rules developed from moral sentiments or moral emotions;the problem is it destroys any reason to obey moral norms when ones own interests contradicts that of the group or society

Question 79

What is the only logical explanation for the existence of an objective moral code?

Answer 79

On,y the presupposition of the existence of God allows people to live consistently with their belief

Question 80

Researching the author/source and purpose of biblical texts

Answer 80

Higher Criticism

Question 81

Many authors wrote the first 5 books of the Bible

Answer 81

Documentary Hypothesis

Question 82

An act of God;something not explainable by natural laws

Answer 82

Miracle

Question 83

The period of Israel's history dominated by Abraham,Isaac,Jacob,and Joseph

Answer 83

Patriarchal

Question 84

When a story's details help pinpoint its actual historical setting

Answer 84

Situates

Question 85

When something doesn't seem to belong to the time period it has been assigned to

Answer 85

Anachronism

Question 86

Biblical narratives have no historical basis

Answer 86

Biblical Nihilism

Question 87

Biblical narratives,though loosely based on real people or events,are mostly fiction

Answer 87

Biblical Minimalism

Question 88

A conclusion based on the lack of contrary evidence

Answer 88

Argument from Silence

Question 89

Detailed match between the Biblical and archaeological records

Answer 89

Specificity

Question 90

Egypt's Nile Delta area where the Israelites settled after Joseph's time

Answer 90

Goshen

Question 91

Nomadic,marauding tribes in the Middle East-possibly referring to the Hebrew people

Answer 91

Habiru

Question 92

The promised land of the Israelites

Answer 92

Canaan

Question 93

Archaeologist who claimed that Jericho was destroyee much earlier than the Bible says

Answer 93

Kenyon

Question 94

Large dung beetle regarded as sacred in ancient Egypt

Answer 94

Scarab

Question 95

Type of pottery imported form Cyprus and used by the wealthy in the 15th century BC

Answer 95

Cypriot

Question 96

What are the 3 tests used to determine the reliability of a historical document? What do they attempt to answer?

Answer 96

The Bibliographical Test:Is the text we now have the same as what was originally written? The Internal Evidence Test:Is the original written record credible? The External Evidence Test:Is the content of the document supported by other sources?

Question 97

Something you assume to be true

Answer 97

Presupposition

Question 98

What motivation did the Jews have for accurately copying Scriptures?

Answer 98

1. It was the Word of God 2. God had entrusted them with its presentation and transmission 3. They had been commanded by God not to change it.

Question 99

What 20th century discovery proved that the OT had been accurately copied over the last 2000 years?

Answer 99

Dead Sea Scrolls

Question 100

What 2 archaeological discoveries situate Jericho's fall around the biblical date of 1400 BC

Answer 100

1. Lots of Late Bronze Age imported Cypriot pottery | 2. Egyptian scarab seals of Hatshepsut,Thutmose III,and Amenhotep III found in a Jericho cemetery

Question 101

Describe the archaeological evidence we have for the Israelites 40 years of wilderness wandering

Answer 101

Egyptian Temple Inscription-It places these nomads in Moab and Edom

Question 102

What archaeological evidence has been found which supports the Biblical account of the destruction of Jericho?

Answer 102

1. Walls of Jericho were impressively fortified 2. Houses of mud brick built into the walls 3. walls fell outward,unlike what normally happens in a siege 4. Attack occurred after spring harvest

Question 103

Describe 2 archaeological discoveries that provide evidence for the presence of Israel in Canaan

Answer 103

Amarna Letters-14 Century BCdocument referring to raids and conquests of several Canaanite cities by the Habiru Merenptah Stele-records an attack on areas in Canaan by Pharoah

Question 104

What and where is Tel el-Dab'a?

Answer 104

Archaeological dig in ancient Goshen

Question 105

In light of their worldview,who do materialists view the Bible,and why?

Answer 105

They view the Bible as one big storybook,because there is things that usually dont happen in real life

Question 106

If the 1st big question is where did it all come from,what is big question #2?

Answer 106

Is the Bible reliable? Who is God?

Question 107

Explain Wellhausen's theory of the evolutionary origin of religion.

Answer 107

The idea of religion evolved from pantheism to polytheism to monotheism

Question 108

Summarize Wellahausen's Documentary Hypothesis and his reasons for it

Answer 108

Claimed that the Torah was written by multiple authors,written over hundreds of years,and written over 1,000 years after the events described.His reasons were lack of external evidence,use of different names for God,and recording of miracles