Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Finals for spring 2017 > Finals > Flashcards

Finals Flashcards

1
Q

bicarb levels

A
  • changes slowly
  • Either excrete or retain bicarb
  • begins in 12-24 hr
  • completes change in 48-72
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

spontaneous

A

chest wall moves out, negative pressure is created, alveoli lengthen and widen, gas flows in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Heart rate range

A

60-100 beats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does ERS stand for?

A

European Respiratory Society Task Force on standarization of Fuction testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does CMV mean?

A

Controlled mandatory ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Goals of mechanical ventilation

A
  • improve alveolar ventilation
  1. decrease PaCO2
  2. Increase PaO2
  • improve distribution of ventilation
  • aid the failing heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

IC=

A

IRV + VT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does CPAP mean?

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a normal frequency for the ventilator?

A

8-16 /min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When RV is greater than 130%

A

Air trapping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

severe ARDS

A

<100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

normal valves for static compliance

A

60-100 cm per cm H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PA02-PaO2

A

10-15 mmhg

values widen as FIO2 increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gas diffusion tests are reported at

A

STPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

V̇e=

A

Vt • f

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Formula for dynamic compliance

A

VT/PiP-PEEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

formula for static compliance

A

Vt/Pplat-peep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

%sat=

A

95-100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does RV stand for?

A

Residual volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pH range

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the purpose of pulmonary function testing?

A
  • chest wall disease
  • Neuromuscular disease
  • Disability and rehabilition
  • pre/post surgury
  • disease progression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

indications for mechanical ventilation

A
  1. apnea
  2. acute ventilatory failure
  3. impending acute ventilatory failure
  4. pulmonary abnomalities
  5. secondary abnormalities leading to ineffective ventilation
  6. severe oxygenation deficit
  7. post operatively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

complications of PEEP/CPAP

A
  • barotrauma
  • Pneumothorax
  • decreased venous return
  • decreased cardiac output
  • decrease PaO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What happens when mechanical deadspace increases?

A
  • VA is decreased
  • CO2 is increased
  • pH is decreased
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is assist control for?
* Providing full ventilatory support * Patients with stable respiratory drive can trigger mechanical breaths * decrease the patient's work of breathing
26
if FEV1/FVC is less than 70% it is obstruction, If FEV1 is greater than or equal to 80%
Mild obstruction
27
what does MMV stand for?
Mandatory minute ventilation
28
Qualifications for home therapy (non-exceptions)
* SaO2 less than or equal to 88% * PaO2 must be less than or equal to 55 mmhg on RA
29
Restrictive Lung Disease
* Pulmonary Fibrosis * Sarcoidosis * Pneumoconiosis
30
Blood pressure range
90/60-120/80 mmhg
31
formula for total O2 contant with Hgb
[1.34(Hgb)(sat)]
32
Time for withhold of a Methlxanthines
12 Hours
33
Asthma and obesity
increases DLCO
34
increased PaO2
Decrease DLCO
35
what does ERV stand for?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
36
DL/VA \<40%
severe diffusion defect
37
4th and 5th generation
* Microproccessor * Volume and pressure control * Various ventilator modes * Pressure targeted ventilation and adaptive support ventilation * Closed loop * Waveforms
38
Respiratory rate range
12-20
39
Third generation ventilator
* pressure control and volume control ventilation * Microprocessor * First use of APRV
40
formula for total O2 contant with amount dissolved in plasma
(.003 • PaO2)
41
Bicarb range
22-26 Meq/L
42
what is the purpose of therapeutic PEEP? and what is the classification number of therapeutic peep?
\>5 cmH2O, treat atelectasis or hypoxia. For patients with increased FIO2 demand and increasing atelectasis
43
Tlo setting of APRV
.5-.8 seconds
44
what affects pulse oximetry?
* circulation * Nail polish * movement * lighting
45
causes of respiratory Alkalosis
* central nervous system stimulation * Hypoxemia * Pulmonary Emboli * Mechanical ventilation * Pulmonary disorder
46
what is the concentrations in the gas diffusion test? * \_\_ * \_\_ * \_\_ * \_\_
* 21% O2 * 0.3% CO * 10% helium/Methane/Neon * Balance N2
47
TLC=
IRV + VT+ERV + RV
48
in volume controlled ventilation what is constant and what will vary?
Volume constant- Pressure varies Pressure limitation will cause VT not to be reached
49
second generation ventilator
* first apperance of patient-triggered inspiration * Most monitored Vt and RR
50
PCO2 is...
the best indicator of alveolar ventilation
51
Peripheral chemoreceptors
responds to drop in PO2
52
anion Gap normal
8-16 mEq/L
53
normal valves for dynamic compliance
30-40 ml per cm H2O
54
what does PC?
pressure control
55
what does GINA stand for?
Global initiation for asthma
56
FEV1/FVC is less than 70% than
Obstruction
57
if FEV1/FVC is less than 70% it is obstruction, If FEV1 is 30-49% than it is
Severe obstruction
58
what are predictors for Lung volume and capacities?
Height,Gender, and Age
59
Hazards and complications of positive pressure ventilation
* pulmonary effects * cardiac effects * renal effects * GI problems * neurologic effects * metabolic effects * airway complications * mechanical complications
60
what is the Haldane Effect?
Deoxygenation of the blood increases its ability to carry carbon dioxide; this property is the handane effect. Conversely oxygenated blood has a reduced capacity for carbon dioxide.
61
positive pressure breath
gas/volume is delivered to the patient via airway, alveoli get filled with gas, chest wall is pushed outward
62
What if TLC is less than 65-79%
mild restrictive
63
Helium Dilution
* **Closed circuit** multi-breath helium dilution test * Normal test time less than or equal to 3 minutes
64
CVP means
Central venous pressure
65
DLco decreases in
* Restrictive lung disease * Alveolitis * Space Occupying lesions * Pulmonary interstital edema * Lung resections * Radiation Therapy * Chemotherapy (**Bleomycin**) * Cardiac drugs (**Amiodarone**) * COPD
66
Significant bronchodilator is effective when
FEV1 or FVC change of greater or equal to 12% and greater than or equal to 200 ml
67
what does IRV stand for?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
68
Time for withhold of a SABA?
4 Hours
69
First generation ventilator
only had volume-controlled ventilation
70
what is the concerns when performing a PFT?
* dizziness * fainting * extreme dyspnea * recent stroke * recent MI * Recent opthalmic * recent pneumothorax
71
Decrease Hb Level
Decreases DLCO
72
What does FRC stand for?
Functional Residual capacity
73
Time for withhold of a SACA
4 hours
74
ECG means
electrocardiogram
75
P/F ratio normal
\> 300
76
DL/VA 60-79 %
mild diffusion defect
77
Swan-Ganz does
It is done to monitor the heart's function and blood flow
78
what is the use for CMV?
* 100% ventilation support * no respiratory center control * paralyzed and sedated * seizure activity that would interrupt MV
79
causes of hyperventilation
* Psychogenic- Anxiety * CNS disturbances-tumor * Metabolic disturbances-fever, exercise * Drugs * Pulmonary diseases- low pO2
80
PCO2 levels can change rapidly
within minutes varies with changes in venilation
81
in pressure controlled ventilation what is constant? what will vary?
Pressure is constant and volume will vary
82
what does ATS stand for?
American Thoracic Society
83
Time for withhold of a cromolyn sodium
8-12 hours
84
causes of increased CO2 production
* Exercise * Fever * Stress * Severe burns * Sepsis
85
V̇A=
VA • f
86
Gas diffusion test indications
* Lung transplant candidacy * Disability * Medication that may cause pulmonary toxicity (**amiodarone, Bleomycin**) * Follow course of disease (decreased DLCO is associated with lung cancer)
87
VC=
IRV + VT + ERV
88
DL/VA equal to or lesser than
normal diffusion
89
indications of APRV
* patient with refractory hypoxemia * when conventional ventilation is not sufficient
90
Time for withhold of a Slow-release methylxanthines
24 Hours
91
Thi setting of APRV
4-6 seconds
92
if all values are normal and if FEF25-75 is less than 80
Early small airway disease
93
what does VC mean?
Volume control
94
A-Line means
Arterial line
95
mild ARDS
200-300
96
Goals of PEEP/CPAP
* increase FRC * Improve stability of alveoli and small airways * Decrease Shunt * improve PaO2
97
increase capillary blood volume
increase DLCO
98
What if TLC is less than 80%
Restrictive lung disease
99
Time for withhold of a LACA
24 hours
100
what is physiologic peep?
2-5 cmH2O
101
moderate ARDS
100-200
102
PaCO2 range
35-45 mmhg
103
what are obstructive lung diseases?
* Asthma * Emphysema * Bronchitis * Bronchiectasis * Cystic Fibrosis
104
if FEV1/FVC is less than 70% it is obstruction, If FEV1 is less than 30%
Very Severe Obstruction
105
what is SIMV?
* synchronized with patient's own breathing attempts * Can only trigger during a trigger window * no breaths during trigger window= machine triggered mandatory breaths
106
what does A/C mean?
assist control
107
Negative pressure ventilation concept
extra-thoracic pressure applied to thorax
108
what does SIMV mean?
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation
109
FRC=
ERV+RV
110
what is Choride shift?
the movement of CL- into the RBC as result of HCO3 molecules moving into the plasma to create ionic balance
111
Time for withhold of a inhaled steroids
do not stop medication
112
what does VC stand for?
Vital capacity
113
what if TLC is greater than 120%
Hyperinflation
114
what is normal starting tidal volume for ventilator?
6-8 ml/kg per IBW
115
Central chemoreceptor
* Respiratory Centers- medulla of brain stem * respond to PH of CSF
116
what does APRV stand for?
Airway pressure release ventilation
117
Increase COhb level
Decreases DLCO
118
DL/VA 40-59%
moderate diffusion defect
119
Temperature range
36.1-37.2 c
120
Body position
supine increases DLCO
121
what is normal range for ICP?
5-15 mmhg
122
what does TLC stand for?
Total lung capacity
123
Base Excess=
-2/+2 Meq/L
124
less than a 80% on FVC will qualify as a
Restrictive Pattern (unless obstruction is present)
125
What is IC stand for?
Inspiratory Capacity
126
increase in temperature
decrease in pH increase in PCO2 Increase in PO2
127
Capacity Gas diffusion
A-C Membrane
128
Ventilation
Movement of air in & out of the lungs
129
indications for PEEP/ CPAP
* low PaO2 with high FIO2 * Treat atelectasis and ARDS
130
in mmv what is patient going to get?
guarantees that the patient always recieve set minute ventilation
131
causes of metabolic alkalosis
loss of H+ * vomiting, NG tube * diuretics * steroids Exogenous * administration of bicarb Electrolyte imbalance * potassium depletion * chloride depletion
132
PA02 formula
[(760-47) • FIO2] - (1.25 • PaCO2)
133
what percentage of patients use medium masks?
85%
134
increasing pressure on a bird mark 7
increases tidal volume and increases inspiratory time
135
what does PEEP mean?
Positive End Expiratory Pressure
136
Keypoints about PSV
* The higher the set pressure support= the more support the patient is receiving * The lower the set pressure support= more effort required from the patient * Back up ventilation must be set appropriately * F, VT, Ti, Te, and Inspiratory flow is choosen by the patient
137
increasing flow rate will cause
tidal volume to decrease and inspiratory time to decrease
138
in RBC (90%)
HCO3 (64%)
139
how to mmhg into kPa?
divide by 7.5
140
Normal range for a/A
.75-1
141
what if the TLC is 50-64%
moderate restriction
142
V̇D=
VD • f
143
DLCO (adjusted) \<80%
reduced diffusion
144
causes of metaboloc acidosis
increased formation of acids * diabetic ketoacidosis * Lactic Acidosis * Renal failure Loss of HCO3 * diarrhea * renal tubelar acidosis Exogenous * aspirin, alcohol ingestion * hyper-alimentation * diamox * ammonium chloride; ethylene glycol ingestion
145
Altitude
Increases DLCO
146
Time for withhold of a LABA?
12 hours
147
if FEV1/FVC is less than 70% it is obstruction, If FEV1 is 50%-79% than it is
Moderate obstruction
148
decrease in temperature
* increase in pH * decrease in PCO2 * decrease in PO2
149
Nitrogen washout is
**open circuit** multi-breath nitrogen washout
150
Time for withhold of a leukotriene modifier
24 hours
151
152
normal range for CCP?
70-80 mmhg
153
increase PaCO2
Increases DLCO
154
causes of hypoventilation
* lung diseases- COPD * CNS trauma * Muscle paralysis * Obesity * Drug Induced
155
How to turn Kpa into mmhg?
multiple by 7.5
156
TLC is less than 50%
Severe Restriction
157
normal range for combined O2 content
16-23 ml O2/dL blood
158
PaO2=
80-100 mmhg
159
what does Vt stand for?
Tidal Volume
160
what does TEE stand for?
trans-esophageal echocardiography
161
Respiration
Exchange of gases (O2 & CO2) at A-C membrane and tissue level
162
MAP formula is
SBP+2(DBP)/3
163
what if FRC is greater than 120%
Air trapping
164
Mechanical ventilation definition
The act of breathing partially or totally for a patient by an automatic device connected to the patient's airway
165
normal value of Raw
0.6-2.4 cmH2O

Finals for spring 2017 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions