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Finals Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

LAW OF HEAT EXCHANGE

A

HEAT LOST= HEAT GAINED

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2
Q

MEASUREMENT OF THE KINETIC ENERGY CONTAINED IN A SUBSTANCE OR A SPECIFIC DEGREE OF HOTNESS OR COLDNESS THAT CAN BE MEASURED ON A CALIBRATED SCALE

A

TEMPERATURE

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3
Q

THE HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE/LOWER 1 POUND OF PURE WATER BY 1 DEGREE FAHRENHEIT AT SEA LEVEL AT 68 DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

A

BTU

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4
Q

THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE/LOWER ONE GRAM OF PURE WATER BY ONE DEFREE CELSIUS AT SEA LEVEL AT 20 DEGREES CELSIUS

A

CALORIE

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5
Q

FIRST TO MAKE A WORKABLE MERCURY THERMOMETER, WITH USEABLE REFERENCE SCALE. THE FAHRENHEIT SCALE.

A

GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT

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6
Q

PROPOSED BOILING POINT OF WATER AND FREEZING POINT SHOULD BE 100 DEGREES APART. 0 freezing point & 100 boiling point

A

ANDERS CELSIUS

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7
Q

POINT WHERE THERE IS NO MOLECULAR MOVEMENT

A

ABSOLUTE ZERO

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8
Q

FORMS OF HEAT PRODUCTION

C.L.E.M.M

A 
LIGHT- sun
ELECTRICAL- heaters
MAGNETISM- hysteresis of iron 
CHEMICAL- combustion
MECHANICAL- compression,friction
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9
Q

HEAT TRAVELS IN 3 WAYS:

A

CONDUCTION
CONVECTION
RADIATION

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10
Q

THE TRANSFER OF HEAT THROUGH SOLID MATTER OR BY TOUCH.

A

CONDUCTION

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11
Q

THE TRANSFER OF HEAR THROUGH MOVEMENT OF A FLUID BETWEEN 2 PLACES WITH DIFFERENT TEMP.

A

CONVECTION

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12
Q

THE TRANSFER OF HEAR BY EMITTED RADIANT ENERGY IN THE FORM OF WAVES OR PARTICLES

A

RADIATION

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13
Q

THESE READILY RELEASE HEAT

CONDUCT ELECTRICAL CURRENT EASILY

A

CONDUCTORS

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14
Q

ABSORB HEAT AND STOP IT FROM PASSING

A

INSULATORS

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15
Q

ENERGY CAN NEITHER BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED, ONLY TRANSFORMED OR TRANSFERRED

A

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

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16
Q

THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE/LOWER 1 POUND OF MATERIAL BY 1 DEGREE F AT SEA LEBEL AT 68 DEGREE F

A

SPECIFIC HEAT

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17
Q

4 FACTORS THAT GOVERN THE RATE OF HEAT TRANSFER

“HOW FAST”

A
  1. DIFFERENCE IN TEMP.
  2. DISTANCE BETWEEN SOURCE AND SINK.
  3. MASS OF OBJECT
  4. SPECIFIC HEAT
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18
Q

HEAT FORMULA:

A

H=SH * W * DT(change in temp)

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19
Q

1st DEVIATION FROM SET POINT UNTIL SET POINT IS REACQUIRED.

A

LAG TIME

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20
Q

1st CYCLE OF CORRECTION WHEN CONTROLLER MAKES A CHANGE.

* IT IS APART OF LAGTIME

A

DEAD TIME

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21
Q

5 TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS THAT MEASURE TEMP. I

A
  1. THERMOMETER: alcohol, mercury
  2. THERMOCOUPLES: TYPES: J.K.T.E
  3. RTD’s: PLAT., NICKEL, COPPER
  4. THERMISTORS
  5. PYROMETERS
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22
Q

A DEVICE THAT HOUSES AND PROTECTS THE TMD

*PROTECTIVE DEVICE

A

THERMOWELL

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23
Q

INSTRUMENTS USED TO DETERMINE THE TEMP OF A SUBSTANCE

A

THERMOMETER

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24
Q

2 TYPES OF THERMOMETERS:

A

1: ALCOHOL: -173 to + 173 DEG F
RED, CONCAVE MENISCUS

  1. MERCURY: -38 to +675 DEG F
    SILVER , CONVEX MENISCUS
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25
CURVATURE OF THE SURFACE OF THE FLUID; POINT OF MEASUREMENT
MENISCUS
26
CONSIST OF 2 STRIPS OF DISSIMILAR METALS FUSED OR BONDED TOGETHER WITH DIFFERENT RATSS OF EXPANSION
BIMETALLIC TEMP. PROBES
27
METAL FATIGUE DUE TO OVER RANGING. LOSES ELASTICITY AMD WILL NOT RETURN TO ORIGINAL READING
HYSTERISIS
28
HYBRID BETWEEN A BIMETAL STRIP DETECTOR AND A BOURDON TUBE PRESS. GAUGE
FILLED SYSTEMS TEMP. GAUGE ``` 4 COMPONENTS: BULB CAPILLARY PRESS DETECTOR INDICATOR ```
29
DISCOVERED EMF
THOMAS SEEBECK *SEEBECK EFFECT
30
TEMP SENSOR CONSISTING OF 2 WIRES JOINED OR TWISTED TOGETHER AT ONE END .
THERMOCOUPLE
31
TYPE J
POS LEAD: W POS MAT: IRON NEG MATERIAL: CONSTANTAN * WIC WHITE IRON CONSTANTAN
32
TYPE K
POS LEAD: YELLOW POS MAT: CHROMEL NEG MAT: ALUMEL *K-y cuz(chromel) ass(alumel)
33
TYPE T
POS LEAD: BLUE POS MAT: COPPER NEG MAT: CONSTANTAN BCC*
34
TYPE E:
POS LEAD: PURPLE POS MAT: CHROMEL NEG MAT: CONSTANTAN *PURPLE CUSH CALLIN
35
RANGE OF ACCEPTABILITY OF READING COMPARED TO CALIBRATED READING
TOLERANCE | All devices have +/- 2% accuracy
36
3 TYPES OF SHEATHS
1. INSULATION : TEFLON 2. CERAMIC : BEADS 3. FIBERGLASS : FABRIC WOVEN 4. EXTENSION WIRES :
37
PROPOSED USE OF PLATINUM AS ELEMENT IN RTD
WILLIAM SIEMENS
38
PROPOSED CURRENT CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLATINUM RTD BY WINDING OF A HELICAL COIL OF PLT.
C.H. MYERS
39
RESISTANCE TEMP DETECTION DEVICES:
RTD
40
3 TYPES OF RTD's :
PLATINUM NICKEL COPPER
41
100 OHMS OF RESISTANCE AT 32 DEF F VERSIONS: 2 wire = +/- 1% accuracy 3 Wire = +/- .1% accuracy 4 wire= +/- .01% accuracy
PLATINUM
42
120 Ohms OF RESISTANCE AT 32 DEG F VERSIONS: 2 Wire= +/- 1% accuracy 3 Wore= +/- .25 % accuracy
NICKEL
43
10 ohms of resistance at 32 DEG F
COPPER | +/- 1% accuracy
44
TINY CERAMIC RESISTORS WITH HIGH TEMP COEFFICIENT OF RESISTANCE. NOT INTERCHANGEABLE MUST BE CALIBRATED FOR PARTICULAR APPLICATION range of use= -22 to 212 DEG F
THERMISTORS
45
CONSISTS OF A SENSOR HAT MEASURES INFRARED RADIATION "IR" Radiation converted into temp reading.
INFRARED
46
INFRARED INHERENT ERROR ISSUES DUE TO :
DISTANCE FROM OBJECT TRAJECTORY OF BEAM AMBIENT CONDITIONS
47
HAVE A FIZED SHAPE AND A DEFINITE VOLUME *little or no molecular movement
SOLIDS
48
FIXED VOLUME BUT NO DEFINITE SHAPE
LIQUIDS
49
HAVE NO FIXED SHAPE AND NO DEFINITE VOLUME
GASES
50
GASES THAT ARE SUPERHEATED UNTIL ELECTRONS ARE STRIPPED OF THEIR ATOMS
PLASMA
51
IS HEAT ADDED TO A MATERIAL THAT CAUSES THE TEMP OF MATERIAL TO RISE *Change in Temp w/o CHANGE in state
SENSIBLE HEAT
52
"HIDDEN HEAT" HEAT ADDED TO A MATERIAL THAT CHANGES PHASE OF THE MAT. *change of State w/o change in TEMP
LATENT HEAT
53
Change OF STATE WITHOUT CHANGE IN TEMP Liquid--->Solid
LATENT HEAT OF FUSION
54
CHANGE OF STATE WITHOUT CHANGE IN TEMP. Liquid--->Gas
LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
55
Melting point = 32 DEF F LH OF FUSION = 144 BTU/pound BOILING POINT= 212 DEG F LH OF VAPORIZATION = 970 BTU/pound
WATER
56
PHASE CHANGE FROM LIQUID TO VAPOR
VAPORIZATION
57
PHASE CHANGE FROM LIQUID TO VAPOR, OCCURS BELOW BOILING POINT
EVAPORIZATION
58
PHASE CHANGE FROM VAPOR TO LIQUID EXCEPT IT OCCURS BELOW BOILING POINT
CONDENSATION
59
AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR IN THE AIR AS COMPARED TO THE AMOUNT IT CAN HOLD AT A CERTAIN TEMP.
HUMIDITY
60
PHASE CHANGE FROM SOLID TO VAPOR WITHOUT GOING THRU THE LIQUID STATE
SUBLIMATION
61
WATER IN THE VAPOR PHASE WHICH IS FORMED WHEN WATER BOILS AT OR ABOVE 212 DEG F AT 1 ATM (14.696 PSIA) *ONLY VISIBLE WHEN WET AS WATER VAPOR CONDESES
STEAM
62
USES STEAM UNDER PRESSURE . USED FOR STERILIZATION. *BASICALLY AN OVEN
AUTOCLAVE
63
STEAM STILL IN CONTACT WITH THE LIQUID SOURCE, TEMP OF 212 DEG F
SATURATED STEAM
64
STEAM THAT HAS LEFT THE LIQUID SOURCE AND HAS ADDITIONAL HEAT ADDED. *INCREASES VOLUME SIGNIFICANTLY 270x's original size
SUPERHEATED STEAM
65
MOST FUELS BURN AS A
VAPOR
66
SOME MATERIALS BURN MORE _________ THAN OTHERS
READILY
67
MOST LIQUID FUELS DO NOT READILY ___________
VAPORIZE
68
_____ BURNERS PROPORTION THE VOLUME OF AIR FOR COMBUSTION
GAS
69
____ BURNERS MUSR PREPARE FUEL BY _________ INTO SMALL PARTICLES.
OIL | BREAKING
70
________ PROVIDES OXYGEN FOR COMBUSTION.
AIR
71
AIR HAS _____ % OXYGEN AND ____ % NITROGEN .
21% OXYGEN | 78% NITROGEN
72
NITROGEN IS AN _________ GAS
INFLAMMABLE
73
_____ (H2O) and __________ (CO2) ARE FORMED BY COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF OIL AND OXYGEN .
WATER | CARBON DIOXIDE
74
TOO LITTLE AIR WILL CAUSE _______ BURNING OF THE FUEL.
WASTE
75
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) IS FORMED AS A RESULT OF ________ COMBUSTION.
COMPLETE
76
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) IS FORMED AS A RESULT OF _________ COMBUSTION.
INCOMPLETE
77
EVERY CHEMICAL ACTION INVOLVES_______.
HEAT
78
WHEN A SUBSTANCE IS MIXED WITH OXYGEN SO AS TO CAUSE COMBUSTION THE SUBSTANCE IS CALLED A __________
FUEL
79
__________ IS A VERY RAPID CHEMICAL REACTION THAT RELEASES HEAT.
COMBUSTION
80
TO HAVE COMBUSTION WE MUST HAVE THE PROPER _______ TEMP.
IGNITION
81
FUEL IS A _______ COMMODITY.
COSTLY
82
COMBUSTION CAN BE INEFFICIENT AND _________ or EFFICIENT AND ________
DANGEROUS | SAFE
83
THERE ARE MANY ______ OF FUELS.
TYPES
84
3 NATURAL FUELS ARE ____, ____, and ________\
WOOD COAL NATURAL GAS
85
A VERY RAPID CHEMICAL REACTION IN WHICH A FUEL COMBINES WITH OXYGEN AND RELEASES LARGE QUANTITIES OF HEAR.
COMBUSTION
86
ANYTHING THAT WILL BURN AND WE CAN USE ITS HEAT QUANTITIES
FUELS
87
21% OXYGEN (O2), | 78% NITROGEN (N2)
AIR
88
COMPLETE COMBUSTION = EPA REQUIRED .5 - 1.5% (CO2 CARBON DIOXIDE) CARBON MONOXIDE= .5% --> TOO LOW NOx(ACID RAIN)= 1.5%--->TOO HIGH
LEL=LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT | UEL= UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT
89
NFPA ``` *DIAMOND= TOP--> FIREHAZARD LEFT---> HEALTH HAZARD BOTTOM----> SPECIAL CONDITIONS RIGHT---> REACTIVITY HAZARD ```
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION AGENCY
90
TYPES OF FIRES ORGANIC----> USE H20
CLASS A
91
TYPES OF FIRES FLAMMABLE LIQUID + GAS----> USE CO2, POWDER
CLASS B
92
TYPES OF FIRES ENERGIZED EQUIPMENT----> CUT POWER
CLASS C
93
TYPES OF FIRES DANN METALS----> USE POWDER
CLASS D
94
TYPES OF COMBUSTION
``` COMBUSTION EXPLOSION DETONATION BLEVE NUCLEAR--> FISSION(BREAKING OF ATOMS) FUSION(JOINING ATOMS) ```
95
A SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE, USUALLY A FLUID, USED IN A HEAT PUMP AND REFRIGERATION CYCLE.
REFRIGERANT
96
CONDENSES HIGH-PRESSURE GAS TO A HOT LIQUID. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION IS REMOVED FROM HOT GAS
CONDENSOR
97
MACHINE USED FOR REDUCING VOLUME AND INCREASING PRESSURE OF GASES IN ORDER TO CONDENSE THE GASES. DRIVES PNEUMATICALLY POWERED MACHINERY
COMPRESSOR
98
RECIEVES CONDENSED REFRIGERANT, ALSO STORES IT.
RECIEVER
99
THE RATIO OF A MATERIALS WEIGHT DENSITY COMPARED TO THE WEIGHT DENSITY OF WATER(for liquids)
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
100
HOW MUCH SOMETHING WEIGHS IN RELATION TO THE AMOUNT OF SPACE IT TAKES UP
WEIGHT DENSITY
101
DEVICE THAT MEASURES MAT. S.G. IT IS WEIGHED WITH GRADUATED SCALE + FLOATS AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS FOR DIFFERENT MATERIALS
HYDROMETER

Temperature (2 decks)

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