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PEA > Finals: Electrotherapy for tissue healing > Flashcards

Finals: Electrotherapy for tissue healing Flashcards

1
Q

A therapeutic approach involving the application of controlled electrical currents to enhance the body’s natural healing processes, particularly in wound healing and tissue repair.

A

Electrotherapy for Tissue Healing

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2
Q

The concept that human skin exhibits electrical properties similar to those of a battery, with a separation of charge between its interior and exterior layers, creating an electric potential.

A

Human Skin Battery

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2
Q

The region surrounding a wound site where the electrical charge is typically negative, contributing to various physiological activities associated with wound healing, such as cell migration and tissue repair.

A

Periwound Area

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3
Q

The site of tissue damage or injury, characterized by a positive electrical charge due to the disruption of tissue integrity and the release of ions from damaged cells.

A

Wound Area

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3
Q

The series of physiological events and cellular activities involved in the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, which can be accentuated and supported through the application of electrotherapy modalities.

A

Healing Process

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3
Q

A form of electrotherapy that involves the application of electrical currents to tissues, aiming to modulate cellular activities, promote blood circulation, reduce inflammation, and facilitate tissue regeneration.

A

Electrical Stimulation

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4
Q

Charge of each:
peri wound (?)
wound area (?)

A

peri wound (negative)
wound area (positive)

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5
Q

Movement of Ca++ ions from the anode to the cathode, involving Ca++ and Na+ channel response, which stimulates ATP production.

A

Cathode-Directed Galvanotaxis

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5
Q

Directional movement of cells in response to an electrical field, crucial for processes such as embryogenesis, regeneration, and wound healing.

A

Galvanotaxis

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6
Q

Maintained by Na+:K+ pumps, creating a potential difference between the interior and exterior of the skin.

A

Normal Electrical Charge Across Skin and Cell Membrane

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7
Q

Charged ions leak out of cells, causing the center of the wound to be electrically charged relative to the surrounding uninjured tissue.

A

Electrical Charge During Tissue Injury

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8
Q

Lymphocytes, platelets, mast cells, keratinocytes, neural progenitor cells, fibroblasts, and activated neutrophils.

A

Cells Attracted to Cathode

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8
Q

Macrophages, epidermal cells, and inactive neutrophils.

A

Cells Attracted to Anode

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8
Q

The positive electrode should be used to promote healing.

A

Electrode Use for Necrotic Wounds without Inflammation

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8
Q

The negative electrode should be used to promote healing.

A

Electrode Use for Infected or Inflamed Wounds

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8
Q

Essential for the proliferation phase, they produce collagen, aiding in tissue repair and strength.

A

Role of Fibroblasts in Tissue Healing

9
Q

Activates fibroblasts, enhancing their replication, DNA and collagen synthesis, upregulating growth factor pathways, and inducing them to become myofibroblasts.

A

Electrical Stimulation of Fibroblasts

10
Q

Triggers calcium channels to open, increasing intracellular calcium levels and stimulating fibroblast activity.

A

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Calcium Channels

10
Q

Electrical stimulation increases VEGF production, stimulating microcirculation development near the wound and enhancing oxygen/nutrient delivery.

A

VEGF in Wound Healing

11
Q

Maximum calcium influx and protein/DNA synthesis occur with high-volt pulsed current (HVPC) with a peak voltage of 60 to 90 V.

A

Voltage-Dependent Cellular Responses

12
Q

Monophasic pulsed current is commonly used, but alternating and biphasic currents may also have benefits by activating cells despite lacking a net charge effect.

A

Types of Electrical Currents for Wound Healing

12
Q

Antimicrobial Effects of Monophasic Currents

A

Monophasic currents, including microampere level DC and HVPC, can kill bacteria in vitro, likely due to the electrolytic generation of hypochloric acid.

13
Q

Requires much higher voltages or longer durations than typically used in clinical settings.

A

Application of Electrical Current to Inhibit Bacterial Growth

14
Q

Monophasic or direct current electrical stimulation can enhance the activity of some antibiotics against bacteria in biofilms.

A

Enhanced Antibiotic Activity with Electrical Stimulation

15
Q

Increases circulation during and after application, accelerates angiogenesis via VEGF, and should be applied in a warm room.

A

Enhanced Circulation with Electrical Stimulation

16
Q

Uses a twin-peaked monophasic pulsed current waveform with peak voltage between 150-500 V, pulse duration of 50-100 usec, and frequency of 1-120 Hz.

A

High Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC)

17
Q

Modes of HVPC Application

A

Modes of HVPC Application

17
Q

Modes of HVPC Application

A

Low Intensity Electrical Stimulation

18
Q

Can expedite return to activities from acute injuries, reducing inflammation-associated edema and avoiding the risks associated with medications like ibuprofen.

A

Edema Control with Electrical Stimulation

18
Q

Used to treat chronic stage III or IV pressure ulcers, arterial ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and venous stasis ulcers that have not responded to standard treatment in 30 days.

A

Chronic Wounds and Electrical Stimulation

19
Q

Treated with negative polarity electrical stimulation at 120 pulses/s and 90% of visible motor contraction, for four 30-minute sessions 4 hours apart or one continuous 180-minute session.

A

Edema Due to Inflammation

19
Q

Contraindication of Electrical Stimulation for Edema

A

Should not be used for edema caused by systemic disorders (e.g., heart failure) as it may exacerbate central fluid overload and increase the risk of pulmonary edema.

20
Q

Treated with motor-level electrical stimulation to produce muscle contractions, promoting venous and lymphatic return flow and reducing distal extremity edema.

A

Edema Due to Lack of Muscle Contraction

21
Q

Uses low-amplitude DC to deliver drugs through the skin by repelling similarly charged ions and increasing skin permeability, commonly used for anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone.

A

Iontophoresis for Transdermal Drug Delivery

21
Q

Avoids gastrointestinal distress, bad taste, low bioavailability, pain, and risks associated with oral, nasal, or parenteral drug administration.

A

Benefits of Iontophoresis Over Other Drug Delivery Methods

PEA (12 decks)

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